新羅 六頭品에 대한 一考

申庚浩 이화여자대학교 사학회 1982 梨大史苑 Vol.18-19 No.-

스테로이드제의 약리작용

신경호 대한천식 및 알레르기학회 ( 구 대한알레르기학회 ) 2002 교육강좌 Vol.2002 No.-

경영합리화

신경호 한국낙농육우협회 2002 낙농·육우 Vol.22 No.10

Changes of Polyamine Metabolism and Delayed Neuronal Degeneration of Hippocampus after Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Mongolian Gerbils

신경호,신화정,이영재,김형건,최상현,천연숙,전보권,Shin, Kyung-Ho,Shin, Hwa-Jung,Lee, Young-Jae,Kim, Hyung-Gun,Choi, Sang-Hyun,Chun, Yeon-Sook,Chun, Boe-Gwun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.3

웅성 모래쥐의 양경동맥을 7분간 폐쇄하여(OBC7) 뇌의 허혈을 유발하여, 해마의 microdialysate내 polyamine 함량과 조직내 polyamine 생합성효소(ornithine decarboxylase: ODC와 S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: SAM-DC)의 활성도를 분석하고, 해마의 cresyl violet(CV) 염색과 glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) 면역염색소견들을 관찰하여, 허혈성 해마의 신경손상과 polyamine대사의 연관성을 검토하였다. 1) OBC부하 후, 해마의 dialysate내 polyamine 변동에서, putrescine(PT)은 현저히 증가되었으나, spermidine과 spermine은 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였고, 이에 해마조직내 ODC활성의 현저한 상승과 SAM-DC활성도의 유의한 저학 동반되었다. 2) Difluoromethylornithine(DFMO)는 OBC에 의한 PT증가와 ODC활성도 상승을 유의하게 억제하였으나, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)(MGBG)는 각각 다소 억제하는 경향을 보였다. 3) OBC부하 7일후에 관찰한 조직소견에서, 해마의 CA1 부위의 유의한 신경손상이 유도되었으나 CA3와 dentate gyrus 부위에는 미약한 손상만 보였으며, GFAP 양성반응도 CA1 부위에서만 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이같은 소견들은 DFMO에 의하여 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나 MGBG에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었다. 이상의 성적들은 해마 polyamine의 과도한 허혈성 증가가 허혈성 신경손상에 관여할 수 있으나, 한편으로 polyamine대사의 과도한 억제도 허혈성 신경손상을 악화시킬 수 있으며, 허혈성뇌손상에 대한 MGBG의 보호작용은 polyamine 대사보다는 다른 작용에 매개되는 것으로 사료된다. 가장 많았고 습진과 소양증이 각각 19.5%였다. 30대 환자군에서는 습진이 30.3%였고 소양증이 19.1%였다. 40대에서는 소양증이 28.8%였고 지루성 피부염이 16.0%였다. 50대에서는 습진이 26.7%였고 60세 이상의 그룹에서는 습진이 50.0%, 바이러스 질환과 소양증이 각각 15.0%였다. 이들 결과는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다($X^2\;=\;74.995^{**}$, p = .001, df : 40). 결론 : 상대적으로 50세 이상 연령충의 대상 환자 수가 많지 않은 원인은 여리 가지 분석이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 연령에 따라 피부질환이 다른 양상을 보임을 고려할 때 노인층의 신체적, 경제적, 사회적 특성을 이해하고 이에 따른 효과적이고 사회-경제학적 부담을 최소할 수 있는 한방 치료 영역의 확대 및 개발이 필요할 것으로 사려된다.주식 및 후식의 선호도에 남녀 간에 차이를 보이고 있으므로 단체급식을 위한 식단 작성 시 이러한 차이를 고려할 필요가 있으며 대학생 및 성인을 대상으로 한 영양 교육을 실시할 때 이러한 차이를 고려한 신생활 교정프로그램을 작성할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.$은 대조군에 비해 발아에 의하여 세포독성 효과를 증가되었지만, MCF-7와 Caco-2에 대한 항암효과는 없음을 알 수 있었다.것으로 사료된다.높게 인식할수록 재방문의도 및 추천의도가 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 대학교 급식소 운영주체에 대한 소비자 인지도 조사결과 향후 대학교 급식소를 운영하는 위탁급식 전문업체의 경우 그들의 브랜드를 알리기 위한 홍보전략이 절실히 필요함을 알 수 있었으며, 최근고객감소로 인하여 다양한 급식운영 마케팅전략을 수립하고 있는 단체급식 운영자들은 재방문 및 추천의도의 선행요건이 급식서비스 품질에 대한 소비자의 인식임을 명심하여 가장 기본이 되는 급식서비스 품질수준을 향상시키기 위하여 노력하여야 할 것이다. Male Mongolian gerbils $(60{\sim}80g)$ were given DL-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; 250mg/kg, ip) and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG; 50 mg/k, ip), respectively, 1 h prior to transient (7 min) occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (OBC7) and a daily dose of one of them for 6 days after recirculation, and the polyamine contents, activities of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases (ODC and SAM-DC), and light microscopic findings of the hippocampus were evaluated. The hippocampal putrescine (PT) levels of the control gerbils treated with saline (STGr), markedly increased after OBC7, showing a peak level at 24 h after recirculation. The peak PT level was reduced in DFMO treated gerbils (DTCr) and in MGBG treated gerbils (MTGr). And 7 days after recirculation, the PT level of DTGr was decreased to about 75% of the PT level in the sham operated group (nonTGr) and to about 55% of the STGr level, respectively. The hippocampal spermidine (SD) level of STGr tended to decline, showing the lowest value at 8 h after recirculation. But the spermidine (SD) level of DTGr was somewhat higher at 8 h after OBC7 than those of STGr and MTGr The hippocampal spermine (SM) levels of all the experimental groups were little changed for 7 days after OBC. OBC7 markedly increased the hippocampal ODC activity. reaching a maximum (about 3 times higher than preischemic level) at 8 h and rapidly recovered to the control value by 24 h in STGr gerbils, and the OBC7-induced increase of ODC activity was significantly attenuated by DFMO or MGBG treatment. Whereas OBC7 induced a rapid decrease of the hippocampal SAMDC activity follwed by gradual recovery to the preischemic level, and the decrease of the SAMDC activity was slightly attenuated by DFMO or MGBG treatment. 7 Days after OBC7 the histological finding of the hippocampal complex stained with cresyl violet showed an extensive delayed neuronal damage in the CA1 region and to a lesser extent, in the dentate gyrus, sparing the CA3 region. And the neuronal death was aggevated by DFMO but significantly attenuated by MGBG. The immunochemical reactivity of hippocampus to anti-GFAP antibody was significantly increased in the CA1 region and to a lesser extent, in the dentate gyrus 7 days after OBC7, but was little changed in the CA3. And the increase of the anti-GFAP immunoreactivity was moderately enhanced by DFMO and significantly suppressed by MGBG. These results suggest that the polyamine metabolism may play a modulatory role in the ischemic brain damage.

KTCS-2 한국형 열차제어시스템의 STM 레벨 전환 절차에 관한 연구

신경호,조현정,이강미,신덕호 한국철도학회 2022 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.4

Changes of Glutamate and Polyamine Levels of Hippocampal Microdialysates in Response to Occlusion of Both Carotid Arteries in Mongolian Gerbils

신경호,김형건,최상현,조소현,천연숙,전보권,Shin, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Hyung-Gun,Choi, Sang-Hyun,Cho, So-Hyun,Chun, Yeon-Sook,Chun, Boe-Gwun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1994 대한약리학잡지 Vol.30 No.3

뇌-허혈후 나타나는 신경세포의 손상에 glutamate의 과다한 유리와 그의 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 수용체: calcium 통로 활성작용 및 polyamine중 putrescine의 증가로 인한 신경세포내 $[Ca^{2+}]$의 상승과 관련 있다는 보고들이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Mongolian gerbil에서 5분간 경동맥을 차단하여 뇌-허혈을 가한후 재관류시 해마의 세포외액내 polyamine, glutamate, acetylcholine농도, 해마의 $[^3H]MK-801$ 결합능의 변동 및 해마조직소견의 변동에 미치는 비가역성 ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) 억제제인 difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), diamine oxidase (DAO) 억제제인 aminoguanidine (AG), NMDA 수용체 길항제인 MK-801 및 calcium 통로 차단제인 nimodipine (NM)의 효과를 비교-검색하였다. 해마 세포외액내 polyamine, glutamate 및 acetylcholine은 microdialysis probe를 해마의 CA1부위에 위치시킨 후 나온 분취액을 HPLC와 luminometer를 사용하여 측정하였고, 해마조직에서 신경세포의 손상은 cresyl-violet 염색법으로 관찰하였다. 허혈후 해마 세포외액내 putrescine농도는 5분이내에 급속히 증가하여 뇌-허혈후 96시간까지 증가되는 경향을 보였으며 AG과 MK-801 처치시 saline 처치군에 비하여 증가정도가 상승되었으나 NM과 DFMO 처치로 putrescine의 증가는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 해마 세포외액내 glutamate의 농도는 허혈후 5분 이내에 9배이상 유의하게 증가한 후 급격히 감소되어 25분후에는 정상치로 회복되었으나, 이같은 변동은 AG, DFMO 및 MK-801 처치로 영향을 받지 않았고 NM 처치로는 glutamate의 증가가 둔화되는 경향을 보였다. 해마 세포외액내 acetylcholine 농도는 허혈에 의하여 큰변동이 없었으나 허혈전 acetylcholine농도는 DFMO나 MK-801처치로 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 해마-synaptosome막의 $[^3H]MK-801$ 결합능은 saline 처치군에 비하여 AG과 MK-801 처치로 유의하게 감소되었다. 해마의 조직소견상 AG과 NM은 허혈후의 신경세포손상을 억제하고, MK-801은 손상의 예방에 별 영향을 주지 못하였으나 DFMO는 허혈에 의한 신경세포의 손상을 더욱 악화시키는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 NM과 다른기전으로 AG은 해마신경세포의 손상을 NMDA-수용체: calcium 통로의 활성화를 조절하여 허혈성 뇌손상을 억제할 수 있으리라 사료된다. Reversible brain ischemia was produced by occluding both common carotid arteries for 5 min, and the effects of aminoguanidine (AG), $DL-{\alpha}-difluoromethylornithine$ (DFMO), MK-801, and nimodipine (NM) on the ischemia induced changes of the polyamine, glutamate and acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus CA1 subfield and the specific $[^3H]\;MK-801$ binding to the hippocampus synaptosomal membranes were studied with a histological reference of the cresyl violet stained hippocampus. The basal putrescine level $(PT:\;74.4{\pm}8.8\;nM)$ showed a rapid increase (up to 1.7 fold) for 5 min of ischemia, remained significantly increased for 6 h, and then resumed the further increase to amount gradually up to about 3 fold 96 h after recirculation. However, the level of spermidine was little changed, and the spermine level showed a transient increase during ischemia followed by a sustained decrease to about 40% of the preischemic level after recirculation. The increase of PT level induced by brain ischemia was enhanced with AG or MK-801, but it was reduced by DFMO or NM. The basal glutamate level $(GT:\;0.90{\pm}0.l4\;{\mu}M)$ rapidly increased to a peak level of $8.19{\pm}1.14\;{\mu}M$ within 5 min after onset of the ischemia and then decreased to the preischemic level in about 25 min after recirculation. And NM reduced the ischemia induced increase of GT level by about 25%, but AG, DFMO and MK-801 did not affect the GT increase. The basal acetylcholine level $(ACh:\;118.0{\pm}10.5\;{\mu}M)$ did little change during/after brain ischemia and was little affected by AG or NM. But DFMO and MK-801, respectively, produced the moderate decrease of ACh level. The specific $[^3H]\;MK-801$ binding to the hippocampus synaptosomal membrane was little affected by brain ischemia for 5 min. The control value (78.9 fmole/mg protein) was moderately decreased by AG and MK-801, respectively but was little changed by DFMO or NM. The microscopic findings of the brains extirpated on day 7 after ischemia showed severe neuronal damage of the hippocampus, particularly CA1 subfield. NM and AG moderately attenuated the delayed neuronal damage, and DFMO, on the contrary, aggravated the ischemia induced damage. However, MK-801 did not protect the hippocampus from ischemic damage. These results suggest that unlike to the mode of anti-ischemic action of NM, AG might protect the hippocampus from ischemic injury as being negatively regulatory on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function in the hippocampus.

교통사고로 유발된 경항통의 봉약침 시술의 임상적 고찰

신경호,송계화,조진형,박기범,Shin, Kyung-Ho,Song, Kae-Hwa,Cho, Jin-Hyung,Park, Ki-Bum 대한한의정보학회 2005 大韓韓醫情報學會誌 Vol.11 No.2

Objectives To evaluate the treatment effect of Bee-venom Acupuncture on Neck Pain by Traffic Accidents, which is well known for anti-inflammatory effect and function of activating immune system. Methods We investigated 33 cases of patients with Neck Pain by Traffic Accidents by soft tissue injury. One group was treated by Bee-venom Acupuncture therapy, the other group was treated by General Acupuncture therapy . We evaluated the treatment effect of each group by Treatment Days & Number of Times, Distribution of Clinical evaluation grade, Visual Analog Scale before and after Treatment.

스핀트로닉스를 이용한 정보저장 기술

신경호,석중현,김홍석 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료 Vol.18 No.11

原發性肝癌의 診斷을 위한 血淸 Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme의 電氣泳動像

申敬鎬,金在植,金重明 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1975 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.2

肝癌 128例에 對해서 血淸 ALPI電氣泳動像과 아울러 主要 臨床 및 檢査所見을 觀察하여본 結果 年齡的으로 40∼60代가 87.5%로 대부분을 차지하였으며 男女比는 4:1로 男子가 훨씬 많았다. 主要 臨床症狀 및 理學的 所見으로는 腹部不快感 또는 疼痛, 腹部膨滿感, 肝腫大, 腹水 및 黃疸等이 가장 頻繁하였으며 檢査所見中 血淸總蛋白量은 82.8%에서 그리고 總bilirubin 은 65.6%에서 正常範圍內에 속했으며 A/G 比는 64.8%에서 逆轉을 보였다. 血淸 GOT 및 GPT 는 各各 84.4% 및 71.1%에서 增加된 活性値를 보였으며 prothrombin time 은 89.5%에서 延長되었다. 肝走査像은 73.0%에서 冷所를 보였고 HBs-Ag 및 α-FP 은 各各 27.2% 및 40.0%에서 陽性이었고 肝細胞診과 肝針生檢上 各各 96.7% 및 86.7%에서 原發性肝癌으로 確診되었다. 血淸 ALP 및 LDH 의 總活性値와 LDH_5分劃은 各各 62.5%, 73.0% 및 59.3%에서 增加되었으며 이들의 平均値는 臨床的으로 診斷된 肝癌에서 各各 5.6±1.88 B-L U, 894.8±526.55 Worblewski U 및 14.50±3.87%였고 이 中 肝細胞診 및 肝針生檢으로 確認된 例에서는 各各5.8±2.9 U, 921.8±547.4U 및 14.20±7.2%로서 비슷한 値를 나타내었다. 血淸 ALPI電氣泳動像은 臨床的으로 診斷된 肝癌의 77.3%에서 fast liver 分劃을 보였으며 50%에서는 α_1만, 9.38%에서는 α_1+alb. 分劃을 그리고 17.97%에서는 alb.分劃만을 나타내었다. 또한 肝細胞診 및 肝針生檢으로 確診된 肝癌의 76.47%에서 fast liver 分劃을 볼 수 있었으며 48.53%는 α_1만, 5.88%는 α_1+alb.을 그리고 22.06%에서는 alb.分劃만을 나타내었다. 肝疾患中 α_1分劃만 나타나는 境遇는 原發性肝癌이 76.2%로 가장 많았으며 α_1+alb.分劃이 出現하는 境遇는 原發性肝癌이 50%였고 alb.分劃만 나타나는 例는 急性肝炎이 39.0%로 가장 많았다. 血淸 ALPI 電氣泳動像과 HBs-Ag, α-FP, 肝走査像, 肝細胞診 및 LDHI 電氣泳動像과의 相關關係를 보면 α_1分劃의 出現과 α-FP 만이 有意한 關聯性을 보였다. 또한 血淸 LDHI 電氣泳動像과 α-FP, HBs-Ag, 肝走査像 및 肝細胞診과의 關聯性을 보면 癌細胞의 發見과 LDH_5分劃의 增加와만이 有意한 相關關係를 보였다. For the evaluation of usefulness of electrophoretic patterns of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the diagnosis of hepatoma, the author observed the electrophoretic patterns of serum ALPI in 128 patients with hepatoma diagnosed clinically, of which 68 patients were confirmed by aspiration cytology and/or needle biopsy. Also clinical and other labolatory findings were observed. Of the 128 hepatoma patients, 102 were male and 26 female, and a peak incidence of age was al the fifth to seventh decade (87.5%). The commonest symptoms were abdominal discomfort and/or pain (59.4%) followed by abdominal swelling (18.0%). The common physical findings were hepatomegaly (93.8%), ascites (35.9%), and jaundice (35.9%). The levels of serum total protein and bilirubin were within reference values in 82.8%, 65.6% respectively, and A/G ratio reversed in 64.8%. The activities of serum GOT and GPT were increased in 84.4%, 71.1% respectively. The prothrombin time was prolonged in 89.5% of the cases. The cold areas in the liver scanning, HBs-Ag, and alpha-fetoprotein in serum were observed in 73.0%, 27.2% and 40.0% respectively. Of 60 aspiration cytologies, 58(96.7%) were positive and two were negative for cancer cell. Of 15 percutaneous liver biopsies, 13(86.7%) were positive and 2 were negative for tumor. The activities of serum ALP, LDH, and LDH_5 were increased in 62.5%, 73.0%, and 59.3% of cases respectively. In the mean values of serum ALP, LDH, and LDH_5, there was no significant difference between clinically diagnosed and pathologically proven hepatoma. In the electrophoreric patterns of serum ALPI of the hepatoma patients, the fast liver fractions were observed in 77.3%(α_1;50%, α_1±alb. ;9,38%, alb.;17.9%) in the clinical hepatona and 76.4% (α_1;48.53%, α_1 alb. ;5.88%, alb.;22.06%) in the pathologically proven hepatoma respectively. During the determinations of electrophorectic patterns of serum ALPI of various liver diseases, the α_1 fractions were seen in hepatoma (76.2%), liver abscess (6.0%), chronic liver disease (6.0%), metastatic liver cancer (4.8%). The α_1±alb. fractions were seen in hepatoma (50.0%), intrahepatic obstructive jaundice (29.2%), liver cirrhosis (16.7%), and clonorchiasis (4.2%). The alb. fractions were seen in acute viral hepatitis (39.0%), extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (18.3%), liver cirrhosis (14.1%), and hepatoma (10.8%) respectively. In the correlation between electrophoretic patterns of serum ALPI and HBs-Ag, alpha-fetoprotein, liver scanning, cytology, and electrophoretic patterns of serum LDHI, the appearance of α_1 fraction showed positive correlations to the alpha-fetoprotein. In the correlation between electrophoretic patterns of serum LDHI and HBs-Ag, alpha-fetoprotein, liver scanning, and cytology, the positive cytology was positive correlation to the increased LDH5 fractions.

Changes of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor(CRF) and Neuropeptide Y(NPY) of Rats in Response to Footshock or Reexposure to Conditions Previously Paired with Footshock

신경호,김성진,이금주,신승건,신유찬,이민수,Shin, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Sung Jin,Lee, Kuem Ju,Shin, Seung Gun,Shin, You Chan,Lee, Min-Soo The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2003 생물정신의학 Vol.10 No.1

Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) are known to play important roles in mediating stress responses and stress-related behavior. To elucidate the role of neuropeptides in response to the condition that had paired with traumatic event, we observed the changes of CRF and NPY by immunohistochemistry using a conditioned footshock paradigm. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a shuttle box and exposed to 20 pairings of a tone(< 70dB, 5sec) followed by a footshock(FS, 0.8mA, 1sec) over 60min. A second group was exposed to the tone-footshock pairings, returned to the homecage for 2days, and then reexposed to the test chamber and 20tones alone for 60min, prior to sacrifice. Control groups were : a) sacrificed without exposure to FS ; b) exposed to the tone-footshock pairings and then sacrificed two days later ; or c) exposed to the chamber and tones alone, returned to the homecage for 2days and then reexposed to the chamber and 20tones over 60min prior to sacrifice. CRF was increased in animals exposed to FS or the aversive condition(context and tone) that had paired to FS in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) compared to the control. NPY was increased by FS in amygdala and PVN, but the condition previously associated with FS results in slight increase only in amygdala area. These results suggest that the BNST appears to be the mostly involved neural circuit in response to explicit cues previously paired with footshock. Moreover, this study raise the possibility that increased CRF peptide in the BNST in response to re-exposure to the aversive condition may underlie, in part, the experience of conditioned fear-related anxiety behavior.