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최현철,이길주 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.7 No.-
Verrucae planae(VP), also called juvenile warts, usually involve exposed parts of the skin and appear as numerous small pigmented papules. Human papilloma virus types 3, 10 and 28 are most commonly found in flat warts. It is not uncommon in VP showing spontaneous regression with typical clinicopathologic findings. Even though the clinical findings of VP are well known, there have been no collective clinical studies in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of VP and the specific findings of VP during regression. A retrospective study of 30 cases of VP was performed to find the clinical characteristics. All the cases were confirmed by histopathologically and the clinical data during regression were analysed. Among 30 patients with VP, the mean age of onset was 23.3+7.14 years and the male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Main sites of involvement were face(93.3%), upper extremity(23.3%), dorsum of hands(20.0%), lower extremity(20.0%) and neck(13.3%). 56.7% of all cases were developed during summer. The rate of positive sensitivity of 1% DNCB in 28 patients was 96.4%. The mean duration of disease, in 17 cases was 17.24+6.95 months. Clinical signs during regression in 17 patients were as follows: itching(58.8%), increase in the number of lesions(35.3%), changes of colour(29.4), crusts formation(17.6) and erythematous swelling(5.9%). VP were more prevalent in the third decade rather than juveniles. The most frequent site of involvement was the face. Upper extremity and dorsum of hands were frequent sites of systemic involvement. Although there were some cases which showed no clinical signs during regression, typical signs and histopathologic findings were noticed in flat warts with spontaneous involution.
인공적 도덕 행위자(AMA) 윤리적 프로그래밍을 위한 논리 연구 Ⅰ
최현철 ( Choi Hyun-cheol ),변순용 ( Byun Sun-yong ),김형주 ( Kim Hyung-ju ),정진규 ( Jeong Jin-kyu ) 한국윤리교육학회 2017 윤리교육연구 Vol.0 No.46
이 논문은 최근 4차 산업혁명을 맞이하여 많은 주목을 받고 있는 인공지능, 그 중 ‘인공적 도덕 행위자’에게 윤리적 행위 지침을 제공하는 프로그램에 방향성을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 우리는 우선 윤리와 논리의 연관성에 대해 규명한다. 그리고 이를 토대로 칸트(I. Kant)의 윤리학에 근거한 의무론을 연역 논리적 측면에서 체계화하고 아리스토텔레스(Aristotle)의 덕 윤리를 중심으로 귀납 논리적 논변의 핵심을 체계화하여 제시함으로서, AMA와 인공지능 윤리의 하향식 방법론과 상향식 방법론의 논리적 적용가능성을 모색하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 나아가 본 연구는 이 목적을 수행하기 위한 방법으로 퍼스(C. S. Peirce)의 논증 구조 구분법을 사용할 것이다. 그 후 앞의 두 이론을 통합할 수 있는 방안으로 귀추논리를 예비적으로 제시하고자 한다. 이 과정은 AMA 로봇의 윤리행위의 설계나 프로그래밍의 기본적 논리를 마련하려는 토대가 될 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 기존의 AMA 로봇 소프트웨어에 대한 세 가지 일반적 접근법 - ⑴ 논리 기반 접근법(Logic-based approaches)과 ⑵ 사례 기반 접근법(Case-based approaches), ⑶ 다중 행위자 접근법(Multiagent approaches) 모두를 포섭하는 논리적 근거가 될 것이다. In the era of 4th industrial revolution, we are paying attention to developing artificial intelligence, and also we expect that artificial intelligence can act as a moral agent. We identify what we can do moral conduct the Artificial Moral Agent(AMA). Thus, purpose of this thesis is to present the correct direction of the program in providing guidelines for ethical conduct for AMA. First, we identify the connection between ethics and logic. Second, the deontology that is based on Kant’s ethics is further systematized with the identified connection with the deductive logical argument. Virtue ethics that is centered on that of Aristotle’s is systematized in inductive logical argument. Both can help to find the logical application of the topdown and bottom-up methodology of AMA. Furthermore, this study will use C. S. Peirce's theory to accomplish this purpose. Then C. S. Peirce's theory that is called abduction integrate the two previous arguments which are deductive and inductive logical argument. This process will serve as the foundation for the basic logic of designing and programming the behavior of AMA robot. In addition, this paper suggests a logical basis for all three general approaches to the established AMA robot software: (1) Logic-based approach, (2) Case-based approach, and (3) Multi-agent approach.
최현철,박천일,안석환,안재경 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학회 1998 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.- No.2
In this paper, an attempt is made to project the market size of satellite and related industries based on a mid-and-long run numerical estimations of the domestic demand for satellite communications and broadcasting. The major issues addressed in this research can be summarized as follows; 1) Mid-and-long term demand estimations and market projections are made thorough re-examination of the previous literature on demand and market projections of satellite communications and broadcasting, 2) an investigation of the direction and potentials of domestic satellite services and the related industries are made, 3) a quantitative demand estimation and market projection of each of the satellite services from 1998 to 2006 are drawn for analyzing the economic effects on domestic satellite related industries, 4) inter-industrial effects among 25 sectors (grouped in accordance with the purpose of this research) including production inducement effects, value-added inducement effects and import inducement effects are estimated, 5) an intensive exploration of effects on and among the 16 sectors of relative high association with satellite industries are identified, and 6) an extensive view of effects on the 8 sectors of relative low association with satellite industries are also identified. The strategic implications based on the economic effects of domestic satellite related industries are; 1) production inducements are the highest in TV related electricity sector followed by parts sector, 2) wireless communications and broadcasting equipment sector exhibits production inducements 130 times larger that wire communications sector, 3) parts sector shows the highest value-added inducements, 4) there is a reduction of value-added in broadcasting services and movies sector, 5) import inducements is expected to show a sharp hike in broadcasting services and movies sector and almost nothing in miscellaneous culture and recreation services policy suggestions (with emphasis on globalization).
최현철(Choi Hyun-Cheol) 새한철학회 2011 哲學論叢 Vol.66 No.4
경험주의의 전통에서 설명론의 새롭게 시도를 제공한 이는 반 프라센이다. 구성적 경험론을 주장하는 반 프라센은 과학적 설명을 왜-질문에 대한 문맥적으로 유관한 대답을 제시하는 설명의 화용론을 주장한다. 설명으로 간주되는 것이 무엇이든지 간에 그것은 그 설명이 요구되는 문맥에 의존적이다. 그래서 반 프라센은 우리가 Q(왜 P가 발생했는가?)에 대한 설명으로 P를 평가하는데 알아야 할 것으로 P에 대한 대조집합(X)과 유관 관계(R)라고 제안한다. 또한 다른 문맥에서 동일한 질문은 다른 함축적인 대조집합을 가진다. 그의 설명의 화용론적 관점은 언어철학의 형식적 화용론의 외연을 모델화 한 것이다. 그렇지만 반 프라센의 화용론은 인과 관계를 넘어선 관계들, 즉 기능적 관계나 통계적 관계, 심지어는 개인적 의도에 의한 관계들 까지도 과학적 설명과 유관 관계를 가진다. 그래서 그의 화용론은 너무나 많은 대답과 설명을 과학적 설명으로 간주하는 한계를 지닌다. 새먼과 키처에 동의하는 나는 반 프라센의 설명의 화용론이 기존의 과학적 설명이론의 과제 중에 하나였던 설명과 예측의 비대칭성 문제도 해결하지 못한 것으로 생각한다. It is Bas van Fraassen who provides a new paradigm of scientific explanation in the empirical tradition. He defends the pragmatics of explanation which claims giving contextually relevant answer to the why-question in science. Whatever counts as an explanation depends on the context in which the explanation is requested and offered. So, Bas van Fraassen suggests that one thing we need to know in order to evaluate P as an explanation of Q(why P occurred?) is what the contra class (X) for P and relevance relation(R) is. Also in different contexts, the same question might have different implicit contrast classes. His pragmatic view of explanation is modeled to some extent on formal pragmatics in philosophy of language. However, the pragmatics of explanation of van Frassen also has relativity with the relations such as functional or statistical, or even intentional that are not of the causal. Thus, his pragmatics of explanation regards too many explanatory answers as scientific explanation, and this has been indicated as its defect. In line with Salmon & Kitcher's idea, I argue that van Frassen's pragmatics of explanation does not resolve even the problems of asymmetry in explanation, which is one of the bid and old problems in scientific explanation.