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Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Cu 접합에서 Metallizing paste의 조성이 접합강도에 미치는 영향
윤종혁,박현균,Yoon, Jong-Hyuk,Park, Hyun Gyoon 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.6
In joining Alumina to copper plate by Mo-Mn metallizing process, the effects of the composition of metallizing paste on the bonding strength were investigated. The bonding strength increased with increasing Mn amount in the paste up to 20% but followed by the decrease with addition of Mn. The maximum bonding strength reached 50MPa at 20%Mn when heated to $1550^{\circ}C$ for 60minute. The addition of Si to the metallizing powder increased the bonding strength of the joint by enhancing the mechanical bonding between the Alumina and the metallizing layer due to the decrease of layer viscosity with the addition of $SiO_2$. It is thought that MnO reacted with $Al_2O_3$ to yield $MnAl_2O_4$ spinel, forming a joint.
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戰爭文學의 歷史的 背景 : Some Historical Observation on War Literature 戰爭文學의 歷史的 考察
尹鍾爀 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.1
The main purpose of this essay is to survey and observe the background of war literature which has been written in the forms of epics,verses, dramas as well as novels, since the ancient time of Greece. The first great works of war literature were written by Homer in the 7th century B.C. in Greece. The two main literary works, so-called oldest masterpieces in war literature were the epics of Iliad and Oddysey. Geoffrey Chaucer also produced poems for war hero and heroine from the minor parts and minor characters in The Iliad of Homer-that is Troilus and Criseydefrom which William Shakespeare had rewritten in the literary form of drama, Troilus and Cressida, only slightly changing the spelling of Chaucer's Criseyde into Cressida. It also can be said that Shakespeare's drama such as Macbeth as well as Antony and Cleopatra is partly literary works about war, as the two dramas and some other dramas of Shakespeare had described a few battle scenes in the dramas, especially in Antony and Cleopatra, Antony's fleeing scenes in the height of sea battle against Roman fleets, dashing after Cleopatra's warship. These dramas, therefore, can be called sorts of war plays to some extent, but they are not totally definite works of war literature. However, almost all the so-called war literature before the time of Leo Tolstoy who wrote the novel, War and Peace, one of the greatest writers not only in Russia but also in the whole world, told the stories about the bravery and episodes of war heroes with their love affairs, not much or not entirely including ordinary soldiers who actually fought well. So many legendary stories about war heroes were traditionally inherited from the previous generations to the next verbally or in the written forms. Leo Tolstory was the real pioneer of the genuine literature of war, as he based his literary, creative, writing philosophy on humanism, describing ordinary common people's bitter lives during the war time, not much concerning war heroes, especially commanding officers who could be described as war heroes. In reality, war usually has been carried out by common soldiers, although there were commanding offices who commanded soldiers well in order to win wars. As far as humanism is concerned for literature, in a real sense, people in the mass are more important and essential to the progress of the peaceful culture and civilization of the world for the sake of the world future. Almost seven decades after the publicaion of the novel, War and Peace, Margaret Mitchel wrote a war novel, Gone with the Wind in 1936, about the civil war in the United States. That was one of the masterpieces of war novels. During the time before and after the publication of the novel, some works of war literature about the people involved in the World War Ⅰand Ⅱ were written on the base of humanism. For a good example, Ernest Hemingway wrote the famous war novels, Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls. The literary works of war, for literary distinction, can be defined into two categories such as the semi-war-literature and the genuine-war-literature in a broad meaning. Almost all the works of war literature before the time of Leo Tolstoy can be called semi-war-literaturem as main characters in tnose literary works on war were usually brave war heroes and their favourite women, written in the genres of epics, verses, dramas and novels. The genuine or pure war literature, as even already mentioned, should include, as contents and characters, the stories about common people, common soldiers as well as a few officers or generals to be described in terms of good- willed humanism. Therefore, the critical conception on war literature was changed from ancient or past old time to the present, as today the most works of war literature cover all the various types of people involved in war on the base of real and true humanism. And also it should be said that the future writers whether or not they are novelists or poets, even essayists must write their literary works for the peace of the world, as any war on earth can destroy all humankinds within a few days or weeks by way of using nuclear weapons which are dreadful and fearful, even horrible. All the people of the world know this dangerous fact. Therefore, especially the creative writers in literature should determine to write their literary works in order to prevent wars, so that this global community can escape from wholly destructive wars in the future. Another important role for writers to do is that they should always reminds themselves that this world is a comparatively small planet with quite a number of people who should enjoy their mortal lives without suffering war disaster within the bond of brethren. However, it cannot be fully expected, but there is no other way but to try hard to keep this global village in peace for the survival of mankind in mutual co-orperation for the future of the world. To do so, Literary writers are quite responsible for preventing wars among the world people, as a writing pen can enlighten and persuade war maniacs to maintain the emotional balance in their minds virtuously not to start wars.
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軟弱한 性格으로 因한 悲劇的 終末에 對한 考察 : Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy 小設「微賤한 者 쥬드」의 主人公을 中心으로
尹鍾爀 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.1
The main purpose of this essay is to appreciate the descriptions about the main character's weak personality in the novel, Jude the Obscure-the hero's disastrous life, ended in an unfortunate death, being ignored by his first and last wife, Arabella Donn who at first seduced Jude Fawley from his scholatic ambitions to be married, but a few months afterwards they separated from each other and Arabella left him to emigrate with her parents to Australia, where she had born Jude's child, Little Father Time, and in the meanwhile Jude and Sue(Jude's cousin) happened to live together without matrimony, and a boy and a girl were born between them, but when Little Father Time, being confided to Jude and Sue, killed Sue's children and killed himself, so that Sue left Jude to remarry her first husband, Arabella took advantage of Jude's bitter disappointment to make him drunk and got married him again. Because of her substantially animal-like-female personality in a wayward cruelty, when she discovered his chronic ill-health, without having a complete nursing for him, she joined the local festivities while he was greatly suffering at the verge of death. Jude passed away alone. Another purpose of this essay is to observe Thomas Hardy's writing career in brief as well as his fatalistic idea with which he described a man's conflicts between sexual desire and scholastic success. Literally and critically speaking, thorough observations are mainly focused on the fatalistic, wretched and rewardless course of the poor life of orphan Jude Fawley as a main character and on some other minor characters, such as Richard Phillotson(Jude Fawley's first schoolmaster), Sue Brideshead(Jude's cousin and mistress), Arabella Donn(Jude's first and last wife, actually third, if the relationship between Jude and Sue were counted as pseudo marriage.), Little Father Time(Jude's first son, born between Jude and Arabella). It seems that Thomas Hardy did not get away from one strong determination of describing that a mortal life in the world could not help following a destinated fatal course of living; in brief, only to finish it in an unhappy, lonely death, whether in a suicidal, homicidal or natural situation in his novel. Thomas Hardy, especially with the novel, Jude the Obscure, attempted to express his philosophy that the unhappy, disastrous and lamentable fate of a man originates not only from the external environment but also, more strongly, from the internal, so to say, the weakness of personality. In fact, Jude Fawley had no strong will power at all to adjust himself to the turmoil of social life or because he himself set unbearable traps of misfortune due to his whimsical, inconstant, reckless, irresolute personality. Observing all the characters in this novel, it can be said that Thomas Hardy was a great sympathizer with women, but he was not a bit sympathizing towards Jude Fawley, whose unfortunate downfall, ended his life alone in the bed at the age of 30, which was only due to his mental weakness in personality. Because of reckless surrender to the immoral attractions of sex and drink causes his early death. At the begining of his life he shows sensitivity in setting a comparatively great ideal of goal, but he can not achieve it, as he never shows and desirable and necessary ruthlessness towards himself or other people around him. After all, it can be said that Jude Fawley is a man of character of somewhat stupid, unintellectual, illogical, indecisive personality.
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