Transmission ability of Zika virus with artificially infected Aedes albopictus in Korea

Yang Sung‐Chan,Lee Hee-Il,Kim Hyunwoo,Lee Wook‐Gyo 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.8

Zika virus (ZIKV), a virus mainly occurring in South America, is now globally distributed. Understanding the pathogen transmission cycle in a vector is exceptionally important in developing disease control strategies. In this study, we performed ZIKV microinjection in Aedes albopictus (Skuese), to estimate its vertical and horizontal transmission ability. The virus infection rate was confirmed by real-time qPCR in the F1 generation derived from the ZIKV-injected Ae. albopictus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of the F1 generation was highest when they were injected with the virus at 6–12 h (MIR: 16.1) and lowest at 12–24 h (MIR: 4.7) after feeding. In the developmental stage of the F1 progeny, MIR values were 1.0, 1.3, and 6.7 in each egg, larval, and adult stage, respectively, but ZIKV was not detected in the pupa stage. Virus transmission ability was not significantly different between the collection areas (Tongyeong and Jeju). Ae. albopictus demonstrated a high venereal transmission rate of ZIKV and was detected in males (6 pool/7 pool) and females (6 pool/7 pool), confirming that ZIKV can be transmitted from infected mosquitoes to uninfected mosquitoes via mating. This is the first study of the administration of a ZIKV microinjection to Ae. albopictus in Korea and suggests a possibility of a potential mechanism for the virus to survive during adverse conditions via vertical transmission.

Bi-factor MIRT True-Score Equating for Testlet-Based Tests

이규민(Gue min Lee),Won Chan Lee,Michael J Kolen,박인용(In Yong Park),Dong In Kim,Ji Seung Yang 한국교육평가학회 2015 교육평가연구 Vol.28 No.2

Lee and Lee (2014) proposed bi-factor multidimensional item response theory model (BFM) "observed-score" equating procedures. The main purposes of this study were to develop BFM "true-score" equating procedures, and to investigate applicability of the proposed procedures with actual data. Eight equating methods (including both true- and observed-score) based on dichotomous IRT (2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), polytomous IRT (graded response model: GRM), testlet response model (TRM), and BFM were compared with target equipercentile equating. Data for this study were from the Reading Comprehension test for a large-scale state assessment program, which consisted of several passages and corresponding groups of items. True- and observed-score equating methods based upon 2PL and BFM produced similar equating results. The GRM true- and observed-score equating methods provided equating results somewhat different from others, and more similar to the target equipercentile equating. Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구는 혼합형 검사에서의 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "관찰점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하였다. 이 연구는 Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구의 추수연구로 단위검사를 대상으로 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "진점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하고, 그 적용 가능성을 실제 자료를 이용하여 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 단위검사로 구성된 대규모 독해 검사 자료를 이용하여, 2모수 로지스틱 모형(2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), 등급반응모형(graded response model: GRM), 단위검사모형(testlet response model: TRM), bi-factor 모형(bi-factor model: BFM)을 적용하였으며, 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화를 시행하여 총 8개의 동등화 방법을 적용하고, 산출된 결과를 동백분위 동등화 결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 2PL과 BFM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화는 유사한 결과를 산출하였으며, GRM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화 방법은 다른 방법들과 다소 차이를 보이는 결과를 산출하였고, 비교 기준이 된 동백분위 동등화 결과와 보다 유사한 결과를 보였다.

중이기형을 동반한 안이척수이형성 증후군에서 시행한 난원창 개창술 1예

조양선,정유석,이종찬,추광철 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.12

산간 계곡 지역 경지정리 사업의 평가

이창수,박승기,양승희 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2000 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This study has appraised land consolidation project in the mountain stream region by way of the appraisement model of Potential Productivity Index (PPI) using GIS. PPI will provide basic elements for large-scale gathering of farm land and a substitute lot of farm land consolidation, and will maximize productivity of paddy. This study was carried out to determine relative error and correlative analysis for verifiable fitness of using cadastral map GIS DB compares determined area using GIS DB with protocol area at each project region. NPI was determined by overlapping Poly Grid of land properties in analyzed project region. NPI of the Masu region was 0.882 TPI that was estimated by additional productive wages ratio of the total of direct productive cost. Additional productive wages were determined by GIS Network analysis of the working distance from each farm house to paddy. PPI was determined at each analyzed farm house and paddy by weighted NPI and TPI. NPI'S and TPI'S weights for PPI were 80%, 20% respectively. PPI variation of each analyzed paddy of the Masu region was 0.967~0.712, and could show the relative PPI value.

전기응집장치에 의한 오수의 중수처리

이재훈,양기섭,윤재일,이찬원 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 환경연구 Vol.22 No.-

Contamination of both surface and ground waters, and water shortages have forced us to search for innovative sources of water supply. The use of dual water system is expected to increase and to become of even greater importance in the future. In this study, electrocoagulation process was applied in treating municipal wastewater for nonpotable reuse. It is clear that the once-used water collected from communities and municipalities must be viewed not as a waste to be disposed of but as a resource. The parameters tested operating both batch and continuous electrocoagulation were electrolytic plate, plate distance, voltage and current density with removal efficiencies of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, turbidity and color. Good water quality of treated effluent was obtained as BOD〈10.0mg/L, COD〈20.0mg/L, SS〈20.0mg/L and P〈5mg/l, with both A1 and SUS plate. Corrosive reaction was found in electrocoagulation reactor with plate. Only 15 - 35% of nitrogen in rawmunicipal wastewater was removal by both A1 and SUS plate. The optimum condition of electrocoagulation treatment for nonpotable reuse was found to be 10mm of plate distance, 10 V, and 1.10 A/dm² of current density with SUS plate.

마산만 퇴적물의 중금속 및 유기염화합물 오염에 관한 연구

이찬원,민병윤,권영택,양운진,이규환 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1990 환경연구 Vol.12 No.-

마산내만 및 마산만 유임 주요하천의 오염퇴적물을 1988년 7월부터 1989년 8월에 걸쳐 채취하여 중금속 및 유기염소화합물을 분석하였다. 오염퇴적충의 뚜께는 10㎝에서 169㎝의 넓은 분포를 보였으며 조사지점의 중금속농도는 지점에 따라 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 특히 인근에 마산수출자유지역 및 조선산업이 위치한 조사 지점에서는 모든 중금속의 농도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 마산만 퇴적오염물 중금속 농도를 오염된 일본의 자료와 비교하였을때 Osaka만의 수온을 제외하고 모든 평균농도가 높게 나타났다. 유기염소화합물(PCB 및 DDE)의 농도는 주거지역 및 공장지대가 함께 위치한 산호천 및 마산시 연안지역에서 높게 검출되었다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 마산만과 같은 폐쇄성 해역에서 중금속 오염원으로 공장폐수가 고려될때는 퇴적된 오염물질의 중금속 분석이 좋은 척도가 철 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. Sediments were collected from Masan bay and two main waterways into Masan Bay in the period of July 1988 to August 1989 for the analysis of heavy metals and Organochlorine compounds. The polluted layer of black sludge had a wide range between 10㎝ to 169㎝ and the content of heavy motels was widely distributed from site to site. One site near the Masan free-export area and a shipmaking company was extremely contaminated by heavy metals. All the average concentration of heavy metals in the sediments from Masan Bay were higher than those from Japanese bays compared except Hg from Osaka Bay. Higher levels of PCBs and DDE were found in sediments from Sanho stream and along the coastal area of Masan city. The results obtained in this study imply that the heavy metal analysis of sediments may be a useful to reveal the pollution sources in a closed bay fuck as Masan Bay.

葡萄汁加聰明湯이 集中力에 미치는 臨床的 硏究

李贊範,崔昇勳,吳旼錫,윤상원,구경완,성낙양 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2003 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

Clinical studies were carried out 25 cases through administration of Chongmyungtang added Grape Juice(CMT+GJ) from December 1st 2002 to December 31th 2002. The results were summarized as follows; 1. There were significant decreases in physical symptoms of fatigue from 4.64±2.71 to 2.52±1.78 by administration of CMT+GJ. 2. There were significant decreases in mental symptoms of fatigue from 5.44±2.38 to 3.88±2.03 by administration of CMT+GJ. 3. There were significant decreases in neuro-sensory symptoms of fatigue from 3.84±2.03 to 2.88±2.07 by administration of CMT+GJ. 4. There were significant decreases in total subjective symptoms of fatigue from 13.92±5.42 to 9.28±4.21 by administration of CMT+GJ. 5. There were not significant changes in VAS of fatigue and attention ratio by administration of CMT+GJ. According to the results, we could suggest that CMT+GJ is able to be applied to the development of concentration.

문서작성과 인영 날인의 선 후 관계에 관한 연구 : 필적과 인영 작성 관계의 순서에 대하여

이영수,최섭,김동욱,양후열,진명수,박찬문 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

골프장 건설 정책 딜레마의 동태화과정에 관한 연구 : 가야산 골프장건설을 중심으로 Focusing on Mountain Gaya National Park

이유찬,유양섭 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

Making a decision on public policies in modern society is one of the political processes in which various profits are created and intermixed with one another. Here, political process refers to a process of persuading and controlling contradictory demands included in political situations and values and accepting and reflecting the demands of each situation set in policy process. The meaning of political process is more emphasized in an area of public policy regarding national parks. We have set the dilemma theory with the problems of golf course construction policy in Mountain Gaya National Park as a background of the research and analyzed about the causes, expansion process and policy countermeasures focusing on social change, roles of policy participants and execution ability of policy conclusion organs. Subjects of the research are central government, regional government, environmental and economic organizations along with citizens on the construction of the golf course in Mountain Gaya National Park.We have focused on researching about various statistical data and the minutes of national assembly along with other types of minutes, government documents, information from related organs and other documents. Also, we have conducted in-depth interviews on policy participants of golf course construction in Mt. Gaya National Park such as Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ministry of Environment, Gyeongbuk Regional Government, golf industries, and citizens of the region. Following are the results of comparing and analyzing the process of dynamic dilemmatic situation of Mt. Gaya Golf Club construction and political measures of relevant organs. Therefore, as a result of analyzing the case of constructing a golf course in Mt. Gaya National Park, democratization and polycentrism, which rapidly progressed after the 1990s and execution of local autonomy deepened the dilemmatic situation due to structural and situational contract factors in the process of solving the problems by the government policy process, eventually leading to the policy failure. In another words, it created distrust in popularization policy of the golf course along with distrust in environmental policy.

사용자 중심적인 병동부 디자인을 위한 거주후 평가연구 : 부산시 B 종합병원을 중심으로

이양경,오찬옥 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4

This study was intended to carry out the Post-Occupancy Evaluation of ward design of one general hospital in Busan. On the basis of this POE, the design guidelines for the user-oriented hospital were suggested. The subjects were 47 in-patients, 47 families, and 49 nurses in this hospital. The POE was carried out in three aspects of ward design: function, interior finishes and color, and psychological aspects. The functional aspects were the view, location, size, furniture arrangement, safety, accessibility, and storage; The interior finishes and color were the ones of floor, wall and ceiling of each room in the ward; The psychological ones were the visual and acoustical privacy, control, home-likeness, consideration for the care-giver, social interaction, familarity, and way-finding. The users were relatively satisfied with the functional aspects except for the room size of each room. They were also satisfied with the interior finishes and color. However, they were dissatisfied with the psychological aspects of ward design. As for the difference among users, the satisfaction degree of patients and their families with the functional and psychological aspects of ward design was higher than that of nurses, and the satisfaction degree with the interior finishes and color showed having no difference.