Anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia: reducing the items on state anxiety in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-form X

Koga, Sayo,Seto, Mika,Moriyama, Shigeaki,Kikuta, Toshihiro The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2017 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.17 No.3

Background: It is important to evaluate preoperative anxiety and prepare sedation when performing dental surgery under local anesthesia. Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is useful for predicting preoperative anxiety. State anxiety is defined as a subjective feeling of nervousness. Reduction in the number of the state anxiety items (questions) will be clinically important in allowing us to predict anxiety more easily. Method: We analyzed the STAI responses from 1,252 patients who visited our institution to undergo dental surgery under local anesthesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for 9 groups comprising anxiety level determinations using the STAI; we then developed a coefficient of determination and a regression formula. We searched for a group satisfying the largest number of requirements for regression expression while setting any necessary conditions for accurately predicting anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia. Results: The regression expression from the group determined as normal for preoperative state anxiety was deemed the most suitable for predicting preoperative anxiety. Conclusion: It was possible to reduce the number of items in the STAI by focusing on "Preoperative anxiety before dental surgery."

Prevalence of Anxiety May Not be Elevated in Thai Ovarian Cancer Patients Following Treatment

Chittrakul, Saranya,Charoenkwan, Kittipat,Wongpakaran, Nahathai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: To compare prevalence of anxiety in ovarian cancer patients following primary treatment to that of normal women and to examine predicting factor. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 56 ovarian cancer patients who had primary surgical treatment within the past five years (cancer group) and 56 age-matched women who attended an outpatient clinic for check-ups (non-cancer group) were recruited from June 2013 to January 2014. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), was used to determine anxiety level of the participants with the score of ${\geq}11$ suggestive of anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and mean HADS scores for anxiety were compared between the study groups. For those with ovarian cancer, associations of demographic and clinical factors with anxiety was examined. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Participants in the non-cancer group had higher rate of medical comorbidity, higher salary, and more frequent university education. The prevalence of anxiety was not different between the groups, at 7.1% each. The mean HADS scores for anxiety subscale were not significantly different between the groups, 5.0 in the cancer group vs 6.1 in the non-cancer group (p=0.09). On multivariable analysis, no demographic or clinical factors significantly associated with anxiety were identified. For the cancer group, no association between any particular factors and anxiety was demonstrated. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety in women with ovarian cancer following primary treatment was comparable to that of normal women seeking routine check-up.

불안의 미메시스 - 황정은 「누가」와「낙하하다」에서 재현되는 두 겹의 불안

이은주 국제언어문학회 2024 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.58

문학 영역에서 불안에 대한 연구는 현대사회 인간이 처한 환경, 상황의 구조적 문제에 대한 미적 반응으로 담론화되어 왔다. 근대화 시기 계몽 자체의 불안과 존재론적 간극의 양상이 다르게 나타남을 고찰한 것으로부터 최근 욕망 문제에 천착하여 인간의 불안의식에 집중한 논의까지 접근하는 방식은 다양하다. 그런데 인간의 가장 본원적인 불안에 대한 논의로 이어지지는 못했다. 황정은의 소설 「누가」와「낙하하다」는 현대인의 내면화된 불안의 정체를 두 겹으로 재현하고 있다. 「누가」에서 물리적, 감정적 사건을 통해 현실적 불안을 전경화한다면, 「낙하하다」에서 무(無)를 경험하는 인물을 통해 내던져진 존재로서의 존재론적 불안을 전경화함으로써 불안이 이 시대에서는 어떻게 문학적, 미적으로 재현될 수 있는지를 실증한다. 본 논문은 인간의 본원적 불안이라는 형이상학적 논제들이 문학적인 구체성을 어떻게 확보하였는지를 밝혔다. 황정은 소설은, 중첩되어 있는 불안을 동시에 재현하는 방식으로 우리시대 인간이 견뎌내고 있는 불안의 속성을 재현했다는 의의를 보인다. This study of anxiety in literature can be explained as an aesthetic response to the structural problems of the environment and the situation of human beings in contemporary society. There are many ways to approach anxiety, from reflections on the anxieties of enlightenment itself and the various aspects of the ontological gap to more recent discussions focusing on the problem of desire and human anxiety, but none of these have led to a discussion of our most fundamental anxiety. Hwang Jeong-jeong's novels ‘Who’ and ‘Fall’ recreate the identity of modern people's internalised anxiety in two layers. In the ‘who’, foreground practical anxieties through physical and emotional events. In the ‘Fall’, she recreates the ontological anxiety of thrown being through a character who experiences nothingness. This shows how anxiety can be expressed literary and aesthetically in contemporary times. This thesis has shown how metaphysical theses about the inherent anxiety of human beings have acquired literary concreteness. Hwang's novel recreates the essence of human anxiety in our time by simultaneously recreating overlapping anxieties.

Effect of preoperative anxiety on spectral entropy during induction with propofol

Yun Hong Kim,최원준 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.2

Background: Anxiety influences brain wave activity. E-Entropy module-derived spectral entropy is an electroencephalographic derivative used to monitor the depth of sedation. This study assessed the effect of preoperative anxiety on the spectral entropy parameters of response entrophy (RE) and state entrophy (SE). Methods: Trait anxiety was measured in 92 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form X2 and state anxiety with STAI-X1 just before anesthesia. RE, SE, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before induction. Propofol was infused via a target controlled infusion pump. At loss of consciousness (LOC), the effect-site concentration (Ce), RE, SE and total amount of propofol were recorded. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their state and trait anxiety scores to evaluate the effect of anxiety level on entropy values. Results: STAI-X1 was significantly correlated with RE and SE for LOC (ρ = 0.230, P = 0.028 and ρ = 0.308, P = 0.003, respectively) and also with STAI-X2 (ρ = 0.411, P = 0.001, respectively). SE was higher in the high state anxiety group than in the low state anxiety group (P = 0.017). The other measured variables were not correlated with any anxiety scales. Conclusions: The state of anxiety increases RE and SE values at LOC induced with propofol. High state anxiety is associated with higher SE than apparent at low state anxiety. When determining the propofol-induced LOC by spectral entropy, anxiety levels should be considered.

불확실성의 시대, 불안한 한국인

김문조,박형준 한국이론사회학회 2012 사회와 이론 Vol.21 No.-

Anxiety prevails when the faith in life is absent. Therefore, it is uncertainty that causes anxiety. Uncertainty as a source of anxiety consists of several conceptual elements. Existential uncertainty, cognitive uncertainty, moral uncertainty and aesthetic uncertainty to name a few. This study seeks to examine the social anxiety as a source of collective anxiety with emphasis on flexibilization and aging thesis, describe the unique characteristics embedded in South Korean society where collective anxiety is being aggravated, and explore the directions and strategies for possible countermeasures. Recently, it can be said that a flexible life attitude and strategies being required in all aspects of daily life including the world of work. The flexible society is demanding individual creativity and innovation more than ever. Thus, flexible society aims at network communication systems that have completely different properties than the centralized communication ones that used to operate in a perfect and orderly manner under vertical chain of command structure. However, in the age of flexibilization, where a high degree of freedom is appreciated and applauded, “corrosion of character” and “class disparity” have emerged as critical factors that exacerbate social anxiety. Social unrest caused by flexibilization gave way to social unrest in Korean society. Such tendency is further aggravated by the process of aging. In what ways such social unrest in Korea progressing? Unlike cognitive and normative uncertainty, the uncertainty of the modern society that is mainly derived from institutional flexibility has a high probability of being internalized into a social anxiety in situations where the social transparency is lacking. However, the consequences of social unrest can vary depending on whether or not the social anxiety is shifted to oneself or to the outside. The most decisive factor determining where the anxiety head toward is trust. In Korean society where the level of social trust is still low, there exists a high probability of anxiety turning into discontent rather than frustration. Also, discontent is more likely to be expressed in the form of outward anger instead of introverted resignation in Korean society where negative perceptions on social justice prevail. Thus, it can be said that it is not the anxiety itself, but the high degree of social distrust and unfairness determining the course of anxiety that characterizes the current social unrest in Korea. 경제성장에 몰두하던 60~70년대 산업화 시대에는 생계를 위협하던 경제적 빈곤이 지대한 국민적 관심사였고, 권위주의 체제에 저항하던 80~90년대 민주화 시기에는 정치적 억압이 척결해야 할 절박한 시대적 과제였다. 그러나 세계화‧개방화가 촉진되는 금세기의 각축적 생활 현실에서는 사회 불안이 새로운 쟁점으로 부각되고 있다. 불안의 인식적 토대로 간주할 수 있는 불확실성은 개인적 수준과 사회적 수준으로 구분할 수 있는데, 본 논문에서는 1) 사회적 불확실성을 유연화 및 고령화 논제를 중심으로 개관하고, 2) 사회 불안을 가중시키는 한국 사회 특유의 현황을 “인간성 파괴” 및 “계급적 단절”이라는 명제하에서 고찰한 후, 3) 불안의 진전 경로와 예상 효과를 주요 매개 조건들을 중심으로 탐지하면서, 4) 고도 불안사회의 대처 방향과 실천 전략을 논의해보고자 한다.

임상실습전 간호학생의 불안과 대응양상과의 관계

허혜경 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1997 원주의대논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Effects of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder

Rastogi, Sanjeev,Baiswar, Antriksha,Nischal, Anil,Srivastava, Prem Swarup,Nischal, Anuradha Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2016 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.6 No.4

Anxiety is a common clinical presentation. Primary anxiety poses a significant problem in its management. Many among the current treatment options of anxiety are habit forming causing significant withdrawal symptoms. There are dose dependent responses often associated with drug adversities. Day time sedation is an undesired effect of many drugs used for anxiety management limiting its usage. Ayurveda recommends a bio- physical procedure to manage anxiety. Shirodhara, a dripping procedure is utilized as a front line therapy for anxiety in Ayurveda. Seeing the limitations of conventional biomedical management of anxiety requiring an improvement upon the existing protocols of managements, and also seeing the use of shirodhara for anxiety management in ayurvedic clinics, a pragmatic study to evaluate the effect of shirodhara in generalized anxiety disorder was done. This was a pragmatic study consisting of shirodhara with ksheer bala oil as an intervention upon generalized anxiety disorder patients. The study was conducted upon 13 patients and observations were done for six weeks. The responses observed through the changes in Hamilton Anxiety Scale were evaluated using paired t test to observe the pre-post significance.

State and Trait Anxiety of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Kim So Yoon,Kim Young Ah,Song Da-Yea,Bong Guiyoung,Kim Jong-myeong,Kim Joo Hyun,Yoo Hee Jeong 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.3

Objective This study examined how state and trait anxiety of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with their demographic characteristics, repetitive and restricted behaviors (RRBs), and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors.Methods A total of 96 participants with ASD (mean age=14.30 years; 91 males) completed a battery of tests including the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and a cognitive test measuring intelligence quotient (IQ). Participants’ parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Pearson’s correlations among age, IQ, two subscales of the STAI (i.e., STAIS and STAIT, measuring self-reported state and trait anxiety, respectively), and the Anxiety subscale of CBCL (i.e., CBCL-Anxiety, measuring parent-reported trait anxiety) were computed. Subsequently, Pearson’s correlations were computed among the three anxiety measures, RRBs, and problem behaviors, while controlling for participants’ age and IQ.Results The STAIS and CBCL-Anxiety were both significantly correlated with higher age, sensory sensitivity, depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and aggressive behaviors. All three anxiety variables were significantly and positively correlated with total SRS RRB scores. Additionally, the STAIS and STAIT were significantly associated with more severe Compulsion/Adherence behaviors, and the CBCL-Anxiety was also significantly associated with more severe Rule-breaking Behaviors.Conclusion Self-reported state anxiety showed association patterns similar to those of parent-reported trait anxiety. Future studies investigating the precise operationalization of different anxiety instruments are needed to accurately measure the anxiety of adolescents with ASD.

The Cross-modality Anxiety Profiles of Korean EFL Learners

강대민 한국영어어문교육학회 2009 영어어문교육 Vol.15 No.1

The present study was conducted to investigate Korean EFL learners' cross-modality anxiety profiles and the impact of proficiency on the profiles, i.e., how their speaking anxiety and writing anxiety were related and how proficiency affected the relationship between their speaking anxiety and writing anxiety. A total of 95 participants, assigned to high, intermediate, and low proficiency groups, completed a questionnaire composed mainly of an adjusted Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI), and 30 of them took part in a semi-structured interview. Results showed that Korean EFL learners' writing anxiety was significantly stronger than their speaking anxiety, which was attributed to an extensive difference in interest and pedagogical practice between writing and speaking. Regarding the influence of proficiency, it was revealed that proficiency significantly affected the difference between Korean EFL learners' speaking and writing anxiety. What was noteworthy was that the intermediate level EFL learners showed the highest mean difference between speaking and writing anxiety due to their largest difference in readiness between writing and speaking. In terms of pedagogical implications, the study suggests that the EFL cross-modality anxiety should be addressed more adequately taking into account proficiency levels of learners.

Surgical impact on anxiety of patients with breast cancer: 12-month follow-up prospective longitudinal study

Jiyoung Kim,Juhee Cho,Se Kyung Lee,Eun-Kyung Choi,Im-Ryung Kim,Jeong Eon Lee,Seok Won Kim,Seok-Jin Nam 대한외과학회 2020 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.98 No.5

Purpose: Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment often produce stress in patients. Anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological symptoms perceived by breast cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the temporal patterns of anxiety and find factors associated with persistent anxiety during breast cancer treatment. Methods: This is prospective cohort study. Between July 2010 and July 2011, we recruited patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer who were expected to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 411) from 2 cancer hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Anxiety was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.4 ± 7.9 years. Preoperatively, 44.5% (183 of 411) of the patients showed abnormal anxiety. The proportion of the abnormal anxiety group significantly decreased after surgery (P < 0.01) and this phenomenon continued until the 12-month follow-up point. Patients experienced renewed anxiety at 12 months when the main adjuvant therapies were finished. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with persistent anxiety. Pain, breast, and arm symptoms were significantly higher in the persistently abnormal group, especially at postoperative months 6 and 12. Conclusion: Surgery was a major relieving factor of anxiety, and patients who finished their main adjuvant treatment experienced renewed anxiety. Surgeons should be the main detectors and care-givers with respect to psychological distress in breast cancer patients. To reduce persistent anxiety, caring for the patient’s physical symptoms is important.