Effect of preoperative anxiety on spectral entropy during induction with propofol

Yun Hong Kim,최원준 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.2

Background: Anxiety influences brain wave activity. E-Entropy module-derived spectral entropy is an electroencephalographic derivative used to monitor the depth of sedation. This study assessed the effect of preoperative anxiety on the spectral entropy parameters of response entrophy (RE) and state entrophy (SE). Methods: Trait anxiety was measured in 92 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form X2 and state anxiety with STAI-X1 just before anesthesia. RE, SE, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before induction. Propofol was infused via a target controlled infusion pump. At loss of consciousness (LOC), the effect-site concentration (Ce), RE, SE and total amount of propofol were recorded. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their state and trait anxiety scores to evaluate the effect of anxiety level on entropy values. Results: STAI-X1 was significantly correlated with RE and SE for LOC (ρ = 0.230, P = 0.028 and ρ = 0.308, P = 0.003, respectively) and also with STAI-X2 (ρ = 0.411, P = 0.001, respectively). SE was higher in the high state anxiety group than in the low state anxiety group (P = 0.017). The other measured variables were not correlated with any anxiety scales. Conclusions: The state of anxiety increases RE and SE values at LOC induced with propofol. High state anxiety is associated with higher SE than apparent at low state anxiety. When determining the propofol-induced LOC by spectral entropy, anxiety levels should be considered.

불안과 면역

정연식(Yeonsik Jung) 한국비평이론학회 2013 비평과이론 Vol.18 No.2

Sigmund Freud's theory of anxiety, particularly of "neurotic anxiety," as an elusive affect related to the indeterminacy of object suggests the creativity of anxiety through which the ego imagines the object of fear or "realistic anxiety." As a response to the impossible threat to the unity of the ego, neurotic anxiety serves as a unique symptom of the human being that discloses the imaginary structure of the ego. Yann Martel's Life of Pi(2001) provides an effective parable of creative anxiety, in which the protagonist imagines a Bengal tiger as a companion and foe, a virtual threat that keeps him alive. The imagined, life-preserving object of fear, as manifested also in Freud's case study of Little Hans who fears being bitten by a horse, indicates the reality principle governing the dynamics of anxiety. The ways in which the anxious subject preconceives the object of fear, evades it, and contains it as a way to maintain its subjectivity construct the defensive mechanism of anxiety, which shares a common ground with that of the immune system. Immunity can be acquired through the antigen-antibody reaction, in which antibodies register pathogens, exterminates them, and incorporates their trace as the part of a body. Roberto Esposito's definition of immunity as the simultaneous protection and negation of life not only reveals the paradoxical nature of immunization, which requires an element of heterogeneity in order to maintain the homogeneity of life, but also sheds light on the dialectical dynamics of anxiety hinged on a threat to subjectivity. Following the reality principle, anxiety and the immune system contradictorily perform the inclusion and exclusion, respectively, of a fear-object and an antigen, which function as pharmakon, as both remedy and poison, that maintains the homeostasis of the ego and life.

리더의 불안, 리더십 연구에서 어떻게 다룰 것인가? 문헌 검토와 연구 제언

김성준,이중학,임창현 리더십학회 2021 리더십연구 Vol.12 No.4

Main purpose of this study is to review studies on the anxiety of the leaders, to explore its application in leadership research, and to suggest future research directions. Under the rapidly changing environment, leaders are likely to feel anxiety especially after COVID-19 pandemic. Even if the anxiety is an important emotion these days, studies have yet to pay attention to it, especially about leader’s anxiety. It might be because there is a conceptual overlap of fear, neuroticism, and job stress, and at the same time, may studies have not been conducted due to the difficulty to observe leader’s emotion. Therefore, this study first looked at the history of anxiety research and clarified differences from other related concepts before reviewing researches at home and abroad. Then, we propose six research suggestions based on leader’s anxiety. In particular, it is suggested that studies about the sources of leader’s anxiety, the comparison between groups of leaders and employees, the negative and positive effects of anxiety, and the relevance of decision-making ability with leader’s anxiety need to be further investigated. This study presents a new emphasis on leadership research based on anxiety and has a theoretical contribution to making specific research suggestions. In addition, there is a practical contribution in terms of enhancing the understanding of anxiety of the leaders.

Anxiety Symptoms and Associated Psychological and Job-Related Factors Among Hospital Nurses

Eun Hyun Seo,Jae-Hon Lee,Arlene MacDougall,Nancy Liu,Alexander Hofkirchner,Simran Sharma,Mohamad Elfakhani,Hyung-Jun Yoon 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.1

Objective Recently, burnout and mental health issues regarding nurses are reported increasingly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among hospital nurses and determine their association with psychological and job-related factors.Methods Data on demographics, job-related characteristics, burnout, Type A behavior patterns, self-esteem, and happiness were collected from 515 nurses working at a university hospital in Korea. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with scores of 8 or higher indicating the presence of anxiety symptoms. Demographic, job-related, and psychological factors were compared according to the presence of anxiety. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with anxiety symptoms.Results Two hundred and four (39.6%) participants had anxiety symptoms. Self-esteem and happiness were associated with a lower risk of anxiety symptoms, whereas burnout was associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, being female, having a career of less than five years, and requiring counseling due to stress were associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms. Being younger, female, or a basic nurse; having a career of less than five years; partaking in shift work; experiencing job dissatisfaction; requiring counseling due to stress; being exposed to higher levels of burnout; and having lower levels of self-esteem and happiness were all found to be significantly correlated with anxiety symptoms.Conclusion These findings suggest that promoting self-esteem and happiness while reducing burnout may be beneficial in preventing and managing anxiety symptoms among hospital nurses.

Factors Related to Anxiety in Predialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Su-Jeong Han,Hye-Won Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.7 No.4

Anxiety is common emotions in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to measure the anxiety in predialysis patients and to identify clinical variables that are associated with anxiety. The subjects for this study were 102 patients who visited the nephrology outpatient department of a tertiary hospital in Seoul between October 12th and October 26th, 2013 and consented to participate in the study. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The mean score of anxiety was 12.2 which means their experience of high level anxiety and moderate and severe symptoms of anxiety were identified in 59.8% of the patients. There were significantly negative correlations between anxiety and residual renal function (r=-.221, p=.026). There was a significant difference in the anxiety of the subjects at each stage (F=4.54, p=.013). The Scheffe post hoc test confirmed that patients at Stage 5 had highest levels of anxiety. There were significantly positive correlations between anxiety and uremic symptoms (r=.481, p<.001). There were significantly negative correlations between anxiety and age (r=-.201, p=.045) and comorbidities (r=-.218, p=.028). Also, Age, GFRs, comorbidities and uremic symptoms predicted value accounted for 57.2% of the variance on anxiety (F=11.77, p<.001). Hence, health care providers should be concerned about helping to slow the progression of renal failure and considered related variables when planning an approach towards managing the anxiety in predialysis patients with CKD.

한국어 학습자의 현대시 학습 불안감 연구 -중국 내 대학에 재학 중인 고급 학습자를 대상으로-

NING WANG 서울대학교 국어교육연구소 2023 국어교육연구 Vol.51 No.-

This study examines the layered anxiety experienced by Korean learners academically reading modern poetry, and thus formally conceptualizes the phenomenon of “modern Korean poetry learning anxiety.” Sixty-one advanced Korean learners attending D university in China were surveyed. A "Modern Korean Poetry Study Anxiety Questionnaire" was newly designed as a measurement tool based on the existing Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. Eight factors of modern poetry learning anxiety were extracted using SPSS Ver. 26, and significant differences in the degree of learning anxiety were identified based on four learner variables: gender, region of origin, Korean language learning period, and Korean literature learning career. When learner's anxiety level was divided into three degrees of difficulty—"high-medium-hardness”—there was a significant difference in the degree of learning anxiety according to the level of anxiety under factors 1–6 among the eight factors. Finally, multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of each factor on overall learning anxiety. 본 연구는 ‘한국 현대시 학습 불안감’이라는 개념을 중심으로 한국어 학습자들이 경험하는 현대시 학습에 대한 불안감을 다층위적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구는 중국 내 D대학교에 재학 중인 학문 목적의 고급 한국어 학습자 총 61인을 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 '외국어 교실 불안 척도(FLCAS)'를 바탕으로 <현대시 학습 불안 설문지>를 측정 도구로 새로이 설계하였다. SPSS Ver. 26을 활용하여 통계분석을 실시한 결과, 총 8개의 현대시 학습 불안 요인이 추출되었으며, ‘성별’, ‘출신지역’, ‘한국어 학습기간’, 그리고 ‘한국문학 학습경력’의 총 4가지 학습자 변인에 따라 학습 불안 정도에 유의미한 차이가 확인되었다. 또한 학습자의 불안 수준을 ‘고-중-경도’의 세 층위로 나눌 때, 요인①-⑥하에서 불안 수준에 따른 학습 불안 정도에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로 각 불안 요인이 전체 현대시 학습 불안에 미치는 영향력에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 학습 불안감이 한국 현대시 교육-학습 과정에 영향을 주는 것이 명백하다. 이에 학습자의 현대시 학습 불안감을 완화시킬 수 있는 다양한 교육 방법이 마련되어야 한다.

The Complexity of Speaking Anxiety in a Graduate EFL Classroom

Jeffrey Dawala Wilang,Thanh Duy Vo 아시아영어교육학회 2018 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.15 No.3

Anxiety among students in non-English speaking learning contexts remains a dynamic construct due to moment-by-moment fluctuations influenced by different variables – teacher, peers, task, among others. To understand the complexity of speaking anxiety, this study presents the results of case studies of two low, moderate, and high anxious graduate students chosen based on their anxiety selfreports. Data sources include a self-report anxiety questionnaire, heart rate monitor, idiodynamic selfrating, observation, and semi-structured individual interview. Each participant was asked to wear a heart rate monitor while speaking and being observed by the researcher. In addition, the participants were asked individually to rate their moment-by-moment anxiety by using the idiodynamic method. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded accordingly. The use of five data sources revealed findings that demonstrate the strength of considering specific short periods of time and individual level studies when investigating speaking anxiety. Methodological implications were generated to investigate the complex nature of anxiety in non-English speaking contexts.

불안장애 집단에 있어서 불안민감성의 차이

안준범,김지혜,강은호,유범희 대한신경정신의학회 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.4

Objectives The present study aimed to compare anxiety sensitivity among anxiety disorder groups, and to examine the relationships between lower-order factors of anxiety sensitivity and each anxiety disorder. Methods Three hundred and twenty four normal control subjects and 212 patients with anxiety disorders were enrolled in this study. All subjects completed a psychometric assessment package including the Korean Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R) test. Statistical analysis of the two groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and comparison of anxiety sensitivity among the anxiety-disorder groups (panic disorder-PD, general anxiety disorder-GAD, social phobia- SP, obsessive-compulsive disorder-OCD) was investigated using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results All anxiety disorder groups showed higher total scores of the ASI-R than did the normal control group (Z=-13.724, p<.001), and the mean total score of the ASI-R in the panic disorder group was the highest among the anxiety disorder groups. The mean score of each lower-order factor of the ASI-R in each anxiety disorder group was higher than that of the normal control group and there were statistically significant differences in fear of cardiovascular symptoms (PD,GAD>SP,OCD), fear of respiratory symptoms (PD>GAD, SP,OCD), and fear of publicly observable anxiety reactions (SP>PD,OCD) among the anxiety disorder groups. ConclusionZZThese results suggest that anxiety sensitivity reflects vulnerability to anxiety disorders, and that lower-order factors of the ASI-R may help in the differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders. 본 연구는 정상 집단과 불안장애 집단을 대상으로 KASIR의 총점을 비교한 첫 번째 연구로, 불안민감성이 정상 집 단에 비해 불안장애 집단에서 모두 높게 나타난다는 사실 을 확인하였다. 또한 불안민감성이 불안장애 집단 내에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않는다는 사실을 확 인함으로써, 불안민감성이 넓은 의미에서 다양한 불안장애 에 대한 취약성을 반영한다는 가설을 지지하고 있다. 마지 막으로, 불안민감성의 하위 요인들과 각각의 불안장애 사이 의 관련성을 확인하였으며, 임상에서 KASI-R의 하위 요인 이 불안장애를 변별하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다. 이를 명확하게 하기 위해, 추후 연구에서는 임 상환자 집단을 대상으로 장기적, 종단적 연구가 필요할 것 으로 사료된다.

한국인 중국어 초급 학습자의 중국어 발음 불안 연구

이앤슈아이 이중언어학회 2024 이중언어학 Vol.0 No.95

본 연구는 학습자의 중국어 발음에 대한 불안 양상을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국 초급 학습자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 요인1 자가 관련 불안이 요인2 교사 관련 불안과 요인3 동료 관련 불안보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 불안감이 높았다. 둘째, 요인2 교사 관련 불안을 확인한 결과, 여학생이 남학생보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 불안도가 높았다. 셋째, 학습자들은 스스로 발음 수준이 높다고 생각할수록 자가 관련 불안이 적다는 것으로 나타났다. 자기 효능감, 자신감, 확신 등과 같은 자가 관련 불안 요인은 초급 학습자의 발음 불안에 큰 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 향후 중국어 발음 교육 현장에서 교사가 학습자의 발음 불안의 요인을 잘 파악하여 가르친다면 학습자가 느끼는 불안을 어느 정도로 완화할 수 있기를 바란다. his study aims to investigate anxiety patterns related to the pronunciation of Chinese by Korean beginner learners. The results revealed that (i)self-related anxiety (Factor 1) exhibited significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to teacher-related anxiety (Factor 2) and peer-related anxiety (Factor 3). (ii)regarding Factor 2 (teacher-related anxiety), it was observed that female students reported significantly higher anxiety levels than male students. (iii)learners who perceived their pronunciation skills as high tended to experience lower self-related anxiety. Factors such as self-efficacy, confidence, and certainty were identified as influential contributors to pronunciation anxiety among beginner learners. Based on these findings, it is suggested that teachers in the field of Chinese pronunciation education can alleviate learners’ anxiety by identifying factors that cause pronunciation anxiety.

Anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia: reducing the items on state anxiety in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-form X

Koga, Sayo,Seto, Mika,Moriyama, Shigeaki,Kikuta, Toshihiro The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2017 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.17 No.3

Background: It is important to evaluate preoperative anxiety and prepare sedation when performing dental surgery under local anesthesia. Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is useful for predicting preoperative anxiety. State anxiety is defined as a subjective feeling of nervousness. Reduction in the number of the state anxiety items (questions) will be clinically important in allowing us to predict anxiety more easily. Method: We analyzed the STAI responses from 1,252 patients who visited our institution to undergo dental surgery under local anesthesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for 9 groups comprising anxiety level determinations using the STAI; we then developed a coefficient of determination and a regression formula. We searched for a group satisfying the largest number of requirements for regression expression while setting any necessary conditions for accurately predicting anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia. Results: The regression expression from the group determined as normal for preoperative state anxiety was deemed the most suitable for predicting preoperative anxiety. Conclusion: It was possible to reduce the number of items in the STAI by focusing on "Preoperative anxiety before dental surgery."