종교프로그램이 노인에 삶의 질과 생활만족에 미치는 영향 연구 : 요양시설 입소노인들의 비교연구를 중심으로

정윤주 연세대학교 정경.창업대학원 2018 국내석사

[국문 요약] 본 연구는 노인 장기요양시설에 입소한 노인들을 대상으로 노인 장기요양시설에서 제공하는 프로그램의 효과가 입소노인의 삶의 질과 생활, 만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해서 설문조사를 시행하였고, 유효한 응답지 231개를 통계분석에 활용하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS 24 프로그램을 활용하였으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 회귀분석을 활용하여 결과를 도출하였다. 도출된 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 노인 장기요양시설에서 제공하는 프로그램들이 노인들의 삶의 질이나 생활만족에 미치는 실질적인 영향을 분석하기 위해서는 프로그램을 제공하기 전, 후의 삶의 질이나 생활만족의 차이를 비교하거나, 프로그램을 제공하는 시설과 제공하지 않는 시설을 대상으로 한 삶의 질이나 생활만족을 비교하는 것이 필요하지만 선행연구에서는 이와 같은 비교연구가 이루어지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 종교프로그램을 제공하고 있는 시설과 제공하지 않는 시설 노인들의 삶의 질, 생활만족의 차이를 비교하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해서 선행연구를 토대로 세 가지의 가설을 제시하였다. 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 3곳의 노인 장기요양시설과 실시하고 있지 않는 시설 3곳의 노인들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실사하였다. 수집된 자료를 토대로 가설들을 검증한 결과 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, ‘종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 시설의 노인들과 실시하고 있지 않는 시설 노인들의 삶의 질과 생활만족에 차이가 있을 것이다’라는 가설을 제시하였다. 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있지 않는 통제집단과 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 실험집단 노인 장기입소노인들의 삶의 질과 생활만족을 비교하기 위해 t-검정을 실시하였으며 분석결과는 [표 9]에서 보는 바와 같이 종교프로그램의 실시여부에 따른 입소 노인들의 삶의 질, 생활만족에서 유의확률(p)이 모두 .05보다 크게 나타나 만족도의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있지 않는 통제집단 내에서 종교의 유무나 종교생활기간에 따른 삶의 질, 생활 그리고 행복만족의 차이를 비교해 본 결과 역시 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 다른 한편 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 실험집단 내에서 종교의 유무나 종교생활기간에 따른 삶의 질, 생활만족의 차이를 비교해 본 결과 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 ‘종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 시설의 노인들과 실시하고 있지 않는 시설 노인들의 삶의 질과 생활만족에 차이가 있을 것이다’라는 가설은 기각되었다. 둘째, ‘종교나 종교생활기간은 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있지 않는 노인 장기용양시설 노인들의 삶의 질과 생활만족에 영향을 미치지 않을 것이다’라는 가설을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가설에 대해 회귀분석을 통해 검증한 결과 [표 11], [표 12]에서 보는 바와 같이 종교프로그램을 실시하지 않는 시설의 입소노인들 즉, 통제집단 노인의 삶의 질과 생활만족에는 종교가 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, ‘종교나 종교생활기간은 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 노인 장기요양시설 노인들의 삶의 질과 생활만족에 영향을 미칠 것이다’라는 가설을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가설을 회귀분석을 통하여 검증한 결과 [표 13],[14]에서 보는 바와 같이 종교프로그램을 실시하고 있는 시설의 입소노인들 즉, 실험집단 노인의 삶의 질과 생활만족 모두에 종교가 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타나 본 가설은 채택되었다. 이처럼 노인 장기요양시설 입소노인들의 삶의 질과 생활만족에 종교가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음이 선행연구들과 같이 입증되었다. 따라서 종교프로그램을 제공하지 않고 있는 노인 장기요양시설에서는 노인들의 입소 전 종교생활 여부를 파악하여 노인 장기요양시설 주변의 종교단체에서 종교생활을 수행할 수 있도록 배려하거나, 각 종교단체의 대표들이 시설을 방문하여 동참을 함께 할 수 있는 기회를 제공하거나, 또는 정기적인 종교프로그램을 제공해야 할 것이다. ·핵심 단어 : 종교생활, 삶의 질만족, 생활만족 [Abstract] The Effect of Religious Program on the Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly - Focus on A Comparative Study on the Elderly Living at the Nursing Facility - Jeong, Youn-ju Dept. of Global Welfare The Graduate School of Government, Business, and Entrepreneurship Yonsei University To analyze how much the programs provided by the Long-Term Care Facilities for The Elderly affect substantially the quality of life or satisfaction with life, it is reasonable to compare the quality of life between before and after the provision of programs or compare the quality of life and satisfaction with life between the facilities providing programs and those not providing programs. However, the preceding researches didn't treat such comparison researches like the above, whereupon this study aims at comparing the quality of life and satisfaction with life between the facilities providing the religion programs and those not providing them. For this, three hypothesis are set up on the basis of the theoretical arguments and the preceding researches. The survey was carried out targeting at the elderly in three nursing facilities providing the religion program and three nursing facilities not providing them. As the result of verifying the hypotheses, I was able to obtain the following study results. First, I set up a hypothesis, " There will be differences between the facilities providing the religion programs and those not in the elderly people's quality of life, life, satisfaction with life." I conducted a T-test in order to compare the elderly people's quality of life, life and satisfaction with life in between the controlled group who the religion programs are not provided with and the experimental group who the religious programs are provided with. The analysis result of the [table 9] showed that the significance probability (p) appears bigger than 0.05 in the elderly people's quality of life and satisfaction with life subject to whether the religion programs are carried out or not, but that there is little difference in the sense of satisfaction. Meanwhile, the result of comparing the differences among whether the elderly have religions or not, the quality of life, life and the feeling of satisfaction according to the period of religion life within the controlled group not performing the religion programs shows that there aren't meaningful differences. On the other hand, the result of comparing the differences among whether the elderly have religions or not, the quality of life, life and the feeling of satisfaction according to the period of religion life within the experimental group performing the religion programs shows meaningful differences. Therefore, the hypothesis, " There will be differences between the facilities providing the religion programs and those not in the aspects of the elderly people's quality of life and life satisfaction.", is rejected. Second, I set up a hypothesis, " The religious period won't have influence on the elderly residing at the facilities providing the religion programs in the aspects of quality of life and life satisfaction." As the result of verifying the hypothesis provided by this study through the regression analysis, the [table 11] and the [table 12] showed that the religion doesn't affect the elderly residing at the facilities not providing the religion programs, that is to say, doesn't affect the elderly people's quality of life and life satisfaction in the controlled group. As a result, this hypothesis is adopted. Third, I set up a hypothesis, " Religions or the period of religion life will affect the elderly residing at the facilities providing the religion programs at the aspects of quality of life and life satisfaction." As the result of verifying the hypothesis provided by this study through the regression analysis, the table 13] and the [table 154 showed that the religion affects the elderly residing at the facilities providing the religion programs, that is to say, has influence on the elderly people's quality of life and satisfaction of life in the experimental group. As a result, this hypothesis is adopted. *Key words: religious life, quality of life satisfaction, life satisfaction

Effectiveness of Community-Based Rehabilitation on Improvement in Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors: A meta-analysis

조영석 대구대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

This study was conducted to confirm the effect of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) on the improvement of activities of daily living and quality of life of stroke survivors. The literature search was conducted following the PRISMA flow chart. Articles were searched using a total of 6 databases: PubMed, Cochrane library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and the National Assembly Library (NAL). A total of 5,378 articles were identified. Of these, 24 articles were selected. Selection were based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, 18 articles were included in the final analysis. Only target articles without data errors were included. To evaluate the quality of the included articles, the PEDro Scale and Risk of Bias (RoB, Cochrane Collaboration) for the evaluation of randomized clinical trials, were used. The results were derived using the CMA v3 software program for meta-analysis. To analyze the moderate effect, meta-ANOVA analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed, and through this, the moderator variables affecting the results were identified and the effect size was confirmed.Publication bias were confirmed through funnel plots and Egger's regression analysis. The overall effect size for the effect of CBR on the activities of daily living in stroke survivors was 0.999. This is a large effect size. To verify homogeneity, the variance ratio I² was calculated. The result was 91.824%. This confirmed a large heterogeneity, and analysis was performed using the random effect model. The overall effect size on the improvement of the quality of life was 0.491, which confirmed a medium effect size. The homogeneity of the entire effect size as determined by the variance ratio I² was 69.921%. This represents a medium heterogeneity, and analysis was performed using the random effect model. As a result of confirming the variables affecting the heterogeneity through meta-ANOVA analysis and meta-regression analysis, we found that the frequency of session and the participant age had an effect on the variables of daily living activities, and the sample size on the variables of quality of life. Using the CBR matrix (WHO, 2020), studies that applied interventions corresponding to ‘health promotion’ and ‘rehabilitation’ factors were analyzed by dividing them into subgroups. In activities of daily living, the ‘rehabilitation’ factor showed a statistically significantly larger effect size (g=0.958, p<.05). Moreover, the ‘rehabilitation’ factor showed a larger effect size (g=0.503) than ‘health promotion’ in determining the quality of life, but this was not statistically significant (p>.05). Comparing the effect size in subgroup analysis by the intervention type, ‘tele-rehabilitation’ showed a larger effect size (g=1.173, p<.05) than ‘face-to-face’ interventions in relation to the activities of daily living. Regarding the quality of life, ‘face-to-face’ interventions showed a larger effect size (g=0.660, p<.05) than ‘tele-rehabilitation’. Comparing the effect size in subgroup analysis by evaluation tool, The BI tool was frequently used for activities of daily living and the SS-QOL tool for quality of life. When these tools were used, the effect size was also higher than that of other tools. Through the moderation effect analysis, the frequency of sessions and the age of the participants were analyzed as variables affecting the effect size of daily living activities. Conversely, the sample size was analyzed as a moderating variable in relation to the quality of life. To find out the trend of the effect size, a meta-regression analysis was performed. The regression coefficient relating to the activities of daily living was B=0.0113. As the frequency of sessions increased, the effect size also increased. The regression coefficient of the session duration was B=-0.0009. Moreover, the effect size of activities of daily living decreased as the session duration increased. The regression coefficient of the age of the participants was B=-0.0405. The effect size of activities of daily living decreased as the participant’s age increased. The regression coefficient of the sample size was B=0.0010. As the sample size increased, the effect size of activities of daily living also increased. Considering the quality of life, the regression coefficient of the frequency of session was B=-0.0012. As the frequency of session increased, the effect size decreased. The regression coefficient of the session duration was B=-0.0002. The effect size of quality of life decreased as the session duration increased. The regression coefficient of the age of the participants was B=-0.0154. The effect size of the quality of life decreased as the participant’s age increased. The regression coefficient of the sample size was B=-0.0126. As the sample size increased, the effect size of the quality of life also decreased. To verify data error, the sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results showed no significant difference in the overall effect size. We analyzed the potential of publication bias with funnel plot. The results demonstrated that there is a possibility of publication bias in the included ADL study. As such, Egger’s regression analysis was performed. As shown, the significance probability (p-value) of the initial value of the regression equation was not statistically significant (p>.05). The same study was included in the QOL analysis, symmetry was confirmed in the funnel plot. The result of Egger’s regression analysis demonstrated no publication bias (p>.05). Therefore, it was confirmed that there was no publication bias in the analyzed studies. This study is the first meta-analysis study to comprehensively and objectively analyze domestic and overseas studies on the effects of CBR on the improvement of activities of daily living and the quality of life in stroke survivors. To improve the activities of daily living among stroke survivors through CBR, it is important to include different rehabilitation factors, including factors for improving physical function, task-oriented training, etc., and to provide tele-rehabilitation. The BI tool is an effective evaluation tool. Overall, CBR is most effective when the frequency of sessions is more than 20, the session duration is approximately 60 minutes, participants are in the mid-60s, and the sample size is 20 to 40. To improve the quality of life among stroke survivors through CBR, it is also effective to include different rehabilitation factors, including factors for improving physical function, task-oriented training, etc., and to provide face-to-face interventions. For evaluation purpose, the SS-QOL tool is effective. Overall, CBR is most effective when the frequency of sessions is between 10 to 20, the session duration is approximately 40 minutes, participants are in their mid-60s, and the sample size is 10 to 20. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that CBR will be emphasized in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors in the future. Effective CBR intervention methods to improve the activities of daily living and the quality of life in stroke survivors will increase. 본 연구는 지역사회기반재활(CBR)이 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동과 삶의 질 향상에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 수행되었다. PRISMA 흐름도에 따라서 시행되었고, 문헌검색은 한국교육학술정보원(RISS), 한국학술정보(KISS), 국회도서관(NAL), PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane library 총 6개의 데이터베이스를 이용하여 시행하였다. 총 5378편의 문헌이 검색되었고, 문헌의 선정기준과 배제기준에 따라 분류하여 24편이 최종 선정되었으며, 데이터 오류가 있는 문헌 등을 제외한 18편이 최종 분석대상 문헌에 포함되었다. 포함된 문헌의 질을 평가하기 위해 무작위 배정 임상실험을 평가하는 PEDro Scale, Cochrane Collaboration의 risk of bias를 이용하였고, 메타분석은 Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 (CMA v3) Software program을 사용하여 결과를 도출하였다. 조절효과분석을 위해서는 meta-ANOVA 분석과 meta-regression 분석을 시행하였으며, 이것을 통해 전체 효과크기에 영향을 주는 조절변수를 확인하였다. 출판편향은 깔때기 그림(funnel plot)을 활용하여 시각적으로 제시하였고, Egger’s 회귀분석을 통해서 출판편향 여부를 최종 확인하였다. 지역사회기반재활이 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동에 미치는 전체효과크기는 0.999로 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 전체 효과크기의 동질성 검증 결과, I²=91.824%로 큰 이질성이 확인되어 무선효과모형으로 분석을 시행하였다. 삶의 질 향상에 미치는 전체 효과크기는 0.491로 중간 효과크기로 나타났다. 효과크기의 동질성 검정 결과, I²=69.921%로 중간정도의 이질성을 보여 무선효과모형으로 분석을 시행하였다. 이질성에 영향을 주는 변수를 확인하고자 meta-ANOVA 분석과 메타회귀분석을 시행한 결과, 일상생활활동 연구에서는 ‘중재 횟수’와 ‘참가자 연령’, 삶의 질에 관한 연구에서는 ‘참가자 수’가 효과크기에 영향을 미치는 변수로 확인되었다. WHO의 CBR matrix에 의해, 중재방법에 의한 효과크기의 차이를 비교하고자, ‘건강 증진’ 과 ‘재활’ 요소에 해당하는 연구로 분류하여 하위그룹분석을 실시하였다. 일상생활활동에서는 ‘재활’ 요소에 해당하는 중재의 효과크기(g=0.958, p<.05)가 통계학적으로 유의미한 큰 효과크기를 보였고, 삶의 질 향상에서도 ‘재활’ 요소에 해당하는 중재의 효과크기 (g=0.503)가 ‘건강 증진’ 요소의 효과크기보다 크게 나타났지만, 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 중재유형에 따른 하위그룹분석을 실시한 결과, 일상생활활동에서는 ‘원격 재활’이 ‘면대면’ 유형보다 좀 더 큰 효과크기(g=1.173, p<.05)를 보였다. 삶의 질에서는 ‘면대면’ 유형이 ‘원격 재활’ 유형보다 큰 효과크기(g=0.660, p<.05)를 보였다. 평가도구에 따른 하위그룹분석에서는 일상생활활동은 BI, 삶의 질은 SS-QOL의 사용 빈도가 높았으며, 효과크기도 다른 도구에 비해서 큰 효과크기를 나타내었다. 조절효과분석을 통해, 일상생활활동의 효과크기에 영향을 주는 변수로 ‘중재 횟수’와 ‘참가 대상자 연령’이 분석되었고, 삶의 질의 효과크기에 영향을 주는 변수는 ‘참가자 수’가 조절변수로 확인되었다. 효과크기의 경향성을 확인하기 위해, 메타회귀분석(meta-regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 일상생활활동에서의 ‘중재 횟수’의 회귀계수는 B=0.0113로 ‘중재 횟수’가 증가하면 효과크기도 함께 증가한다. ‘중재 시간’의 회귀계수는 B=-0.0009로 ‘중재 시간’이 증가할수록 일상생활활동의 효과크기는 감소한다. ‘참가 대상자 연령’의 회귀계수는 B=-0.0405로 ‘참가 대상자 연령’이 증가할수록 일상생활활동의 효과크기는 감소된다. ‘참가 대상자 수’의 회귀계수는 B=0.0010으로 ‘참가 대상자 수’가 증가할수록 일상생활활동의 효과크기도 증가한다. 삶의 질에서는 ‘중재 횟수’의 회귀계수가 B=-0.0012로 ‘중재 횟수’가 증가하면, 효과크기는 감소한다. ‘중재 시간’의 회귀계수는 B=-0.0002로 ‘중재 시간’이 증가하면, 삶의 질의 효과크기는 감소한다. ‘참가 대상자 연령’의 회귀계수는 B=-0.0154로 ‘참가 대상자 연령’이 증가하면, 삶의 질의 효과크기는 감소한다. ‘참가 대상자 수’의 회귀계수는 B=-0.0126으로 ‘참가 대상자 수’가 증가하면, 삶의 질의 효과크기는 감소하였다. 데이터 오류 검증을 위해서, 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과 전체 효과크기와는 유의미한 차이점을 확인할 수 없었다. 깔때기그림(funnel plot)을 통해 출판편향을 분석한 결과, 일상생활활동의 효과를 연구한 문헌에서는 출판편향의 가능성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 Egger’s 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 회귀 방정식의 초기 값의 유의확률이 통계학적으로 유의미한 결과가 아닌 것을 확인할 수 있었다(p>.05). 삶의 질 향상에 관한 연구를 한 경우에는 깔때기그림(funnel plot)에서도 대칭인 것을 확인하였고, Egger’s 회귀분석의 결과에서도 출판편향은 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 그래서 포함된 모든 연구에는 출판편향은 없는 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동과 삶의 질 향상에 지역사회기반재활이 미치는 효과에 대해서 국내외 연구를 포괄적이며 객관적으로 분석한 최초의 메타분석 연구이다. CBR을 통해서 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동을 향상시키기 위해서는 재활적인 요소(신체기능향상, 과제 중심의 훈련 등)를 포함하고, 원격 재활을 제공하는 것이 효과적이며, 평가도구는 BI 도구를 활용하는 것이 효율적이다. 전반적으로 중재 횟수는 20회 이상, 한 회기 당 60분 정도의 중재 시간, 환자의 연령은 60대 중반, 표본의 크기는 20~40명일 때가 가장 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 재활적인 요소(신체기능향상, 과제 중심의 훈련 등)를 포함하고, 대면으로 치료를 하는 것이 효과적이며, 평가 도구는 SS-QOL 도구를 활용하는 것이 효율적이다. 전반적으로 중재 횟수는 10~20회, 한 회기 당 40분 정도의 중재 시간, 환자의 연령은 60대 중반, 표본의 크기는 10~20명일 때가 가장 효과적인 것으로 분석이 되었다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 향후에는 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동, 삶의 질 향상과 관련된 재활에서 좀 더 효과적인 CBR 중재방법이 적용되어지고, 강조될 것을 기대한다.

청소년의 삶의 질과 관련 요인들의 구조적 관계 분석

한준수 충북대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내박사

The purpose of the study was to investigate the structural relationships among social support, achievement motivation, optimism, school life's satisfaction and life quality of high school students. Another aim of the study was to examine whether there was any difference in structural relationships and the influence of these variables between academic high school students and specialized vocational high school students. To achieve the purpose, the research questions were established as follows; First, what are the structural relationships among social support, achievement motivation, optimism, school life's satisfaction, and life quality of high school students? Second, are there any differences between academic high school students and specialized vocational high school students in the patterns of the structural relationships among social support, achievement motivation, *A thesis for the degree of Doctor in February 2016. optimism, school life's satisfaction, and adolescents' life quality? To solve the research questions, total 524 high school students (271 academic students, 253 specialized vocational students) in Seoul and Chong-Ju were sampled. Five different scales to measure social support, achievement motivation, optimism, school life's satisfaction, and adolescents' life quality were used. The collected data were mainly analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) using AMOS 21.0 program. Based on the previous research and the theoretical considerations, the hypothetical research model, consisting of exogenous variable and endogenous variables was proposed. The exogenous variable, being expected to affect any variables of the research model, includes social support. And endogenous variables, being presumed to affect and to be affected by other variables in the model, include achievement motivation, optimism, school life's satisfaction, and adolescents' life quality. The major findings of the study were as follows; First, the structural relationships between one exogenous (social support) variable and three endogenous variables ( achievement motivation, optimism, school life's satisfaction) had direct and indirect effect on adolescnets' quality. In short, social support had a direct effect on achievement motivation, optimism. Achievement motivation had a direct effect on optimism, school life's satisfaction, life's quality. Optimism had a direct effect on school life's satisfaction, life quality, while social support had an indirect effect on life's quality through achievement motivation and optimism, Second, it was found that there were significant differences in the structural relationships of the variables to adolescents' life quality between academic high school students and specialized vocational high school students. In the case of academic high school students, social support had a direct effect on achievement motivation. Achievement motivation had a direct effect on optimism, school life's satisfaction, life quality. Optimism had a direct effect on school life's satisfaction. School life's satisfaction had a direct effect on life's quality. On the other hand, social support had an indirect effect on life's quality through achievement motivation, school life's satisfaction. In the case of specialized vocational high school students, social support had a direct effect on achievement motivation, optimism, life's quality, school life's satisfaction. Optimism had a direct effect on school life's satisfaction while social support had an indirect effect on life' quality through achievement motivation, school life's satisfaction. These different results between academic high school students and specialized vocational high school high students suggest that the different educational and counselling interventions are needed to enhance the life quality of high school students. key words : achievement motivation, optimism, social support, school life's satisfaction, adolescents' life quality, specialized vocational high school, structural equation model

노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 커뮤니케이션 요인에 관한 연구

김수희 연세대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

교대근무 간호사가 인지하는 긍정심리역량과 삶의 질의 관계

이복순 연세대학교 간호대학원 2016 국내석사

The purpose of this descriptive correlation study was to survey shift work nurses' perceived positive psychology capital and life quality and thereupon, analyze the correlation between the two variables, and thereby, suggest some basic data useful to an effective management strategy for improvement of their life quality. For this purpose, 147 nurses working for 2 medical institutions in Seoul were sampled to be subject to a self-reporting questionnaire survey for the period from October, 6 to 16, 2015. For positive psychology capital scale, the researcher adapted - modified the vocabulary in particular - to this study the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) invented by Luthans & Youssef (2007) and translated and validity-tested through the confirmatory factor analysis by Lee Dong-seop and Choi Yong-duk (2010), while for life quality scale, the researcher used the Korea version WHOQOL-BREF, 2002 designed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The collected data were processed using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program for descriptive statistics, T-test, Scheffe's test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, etc. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Shift work nurses scored 94.03±11.92 on the 144-point scale for their positive psychological capital; the average score was 3.07±0.46 on a 6-point scale. In view of the four sub-factors of the positive psychological capital, the nurses scored highest (24.55±3.65(4.09±0.61)) on the 36-point scale for optimism, followed by 23.87±4.56(3.98±0.76) for hope, 23.73±3.45(3.96±0.58) for restoring force and 21.88±4.60(3.65±0.77) for self-efficacy in their order. 2. Shift work nurses scored 79.71±11.92(3.07±0.46) on the 130-point scale for their life quality. In view of the five sub-factors, the environmental area scored highest (27.59±3.75(3.45±0.47), followed by the physical health area (22.29±3.80(3.18±0.54)), social relation area (9.10±2.07(3.03±0.69)) and comprehensive life quality (5.60±1.36 (2.80±0.68)) in their order. On their hand, 1. It was found that shift work nurses' positive psychological capital differed significantly depending on such demographic variables as age, academic background, family status, marital status, career length and shift work career length (p<.05), while their life quality differed significantly depending on marital status and perceived health conditions. (p<.05). 2. In view of the correlation between subjects' positive psychological capital and life quality, it was found that their positive psychological capital was positively correlated with their life quality. (r=.532, p<.001). Further, its sub-factors were all positively correlated with their life quality: self-efficacy (r=.395, p<.001), hope (r=.475, p<.001), restoring force (r=.512, p<.001) and optimism (r=.417, p<.001). Summing up, it was confirmed through this study that shift work nurses' positive psychological capital was positively correlated with their life quality. On the other hand, in view of subjects' demographic variables, their positive psychological capital differed significantly depending on age, academic background, marital status, family status, career length and shift work career length, while their life quality differed significantly depending on their marital status and perceived health condition. Hence, it is deemed essential to design and operate a support program conducive to enhancement of their positive psychological capital and life quality and arrange a well-organized support measures conducive to encouragement of their continued career and improvement of their nursing service quality. 본 연구는 병원에 근무하는 교대근무 간호사를 대상으로 긍정심리역량과 삶의 질의 정도를 알아보고 긍정심리역량, 살의 질의 관계를 확인하고자 시행된 서술적 상관관계 연구이다. 이러한 결과를 통해 교대근무 간호사의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 조직차원에서의 실질적인 관리전략을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상자는 서울시에 소재한 2개 의료기관에 근무하는 147명의 간호사를 대상으로 자가 보고식 설문지를 이용하여 2015년 10월 6일부터 10월 16일까지 실시하였다. 연구도구로 긍정심리역량은 Luthans & Youssef (2007)의 Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)를 이동섭과 최용득(2010)가 번안하고 확인적 요인분석을 통해 타당성을 검정한 것을 연구자가 간호 상황에 맞게 어휘를 수정하여 사용하였고, 삶의 질을 측정하기 위하여 한국판 축약형 세계보건기구 삶의 질 측정도구 (Korea version WHOQOL-BREF, 2002)를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN20.0 프로그램을 활용하여 서술적 통계, t-test, Scheffe test, Pearson’ correlation coefficient를 시행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 교대근무 간호사의 긍정심리역량 정도는 144점 만점에 94.03±11.92점, 평균평점 6점 만점에 3.07±0.46점으로 나타났다. 긍정심리역량의 네 가지 하위 영역별로는 총점 36점에 각각 낙관주의가 24.55±3.65(4.09±0.61)점으로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로는 희망 23.87±4.56(3.98±0.76)점, 복원력 23.73±3.45(3.96±0.58)점, 자기효능감 21.88±4.60(3.65±0.77)점 순으로 나타났다. 2. 교대근무 간호사의 삶의 질 정도는 총점 130점에 79.71±11.92(3.07±0.46)점으로 나타났다. 삶의 질 5가지 하위 영역별로는 환경적 영역이 27.59±3.75(3.45±0.47)점으로 가장 높았으며 신체적 건강 영역이 22.29±3.80(3.18±0.54)점, 심리적 영역은 15.14±3.45(2.52±0.58)점, 사회적 관계 영역 9.10±2.07(3.03±0.69)점, 전반적인 삶의 질 5.60±1.36(2.80±0.68)점 순으로 나타났다. 3. 교대근무 간호사의 일반적 특성에 따른 긍정심리역량은 연령, 학력, 동거가족유무, 결혼상태, 경력, 교대경력에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 일반적 특성에 따른 삶의 질에서는 결혼 상태와 주관적 건강상태에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 4. 교대근무 간호사의 긍정심리역량, 삶의 질의 상관관계에 있어 긍정심리역량은 삶의 질(r=.532, p<.001)과 양적인 상관관계를 보였다. 긍정심리역량의 하위항목인 자기효능감(r=.395, p<.001), 희망(r=.475, p<.001), 복원력(r=.512, p<.001), 낙관주의(r=.417, p<.001)과 모두 정적인 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 교대근무 간호사의 긍정심리역량과 삶의 질은 정적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 일반적 특성에 따른 긍정심리역량은 연령, 학력, 결혼유무, 동거가족, 경력, 교대경력에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 삶의 질에서는 결혼과 주관적 건강상태가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 교대근무 간호사의 긍정심리역량을 높이는 프로그램 개발을 통해 간호사의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 조직차원의 지원 방안을 마련하고, 궁극적으로 환자에게 양질의 간호서비스를 제공 할 수 있는 긍정적인 간호업무환경을 구축하는데 기여할 수 있다.

고용의 질이 임금근로장애인의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향과 자아존중감의 매개 효과

박승아 서울대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 열악한 고용의 질적 요소 중 임금근로장애인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요소가 무엇인지 확인하고, 그 경로에서 자아존중감의 매개 효과를 밝히는 것이다. 장애인 의무고용제도가 시행된 이후 장애인 고용은 꾸준히 증가했지만 취업한 장애인들은 주로 저임금, 저숙련 노동, 직장 내 대인관계에서의 어려움 등 질적으로 매우 열악한 고용환경에 처해있다. 이것이 문제가 되는 궁극적인 이유는 경제적 어려움뿐만 아니라 낮은 고용의 질이 초래하는 자아존중감과 삶의 만족도 저하에 있다. 다시 말하면, 열악한 고용의 질은 장애인이 비장애인과 마찬가지로 사회의 가치 있는 구성원이라는 ‘사회적 인정’이 결핍되었음을 뜻하며, 이는 장애인이 자기 자신을 긍정적으로 의식하고 만족스러운 삶을 살아가는 데 방해가 된다. 그러나, 기존의 장애인 고용의 질 개선에 관한 논의는 주로 소득 보장 및 정규직 확대 등 경제적 측면에만 초점을 두었다. 그 결과, 자아존중감의 향상, 만족스러운 삶 등 장애인에게 있어 일이 가진 심리·정서적인 가치들이 고용의 질 담론에 반영되지 못했다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일의 경제적 측면과 비경제적이고 심리·정서적인 측면을 종합적으로 반영하여 고용의 질을 정의하였다. 여기에는 고용 안정성, 발전 가능성, 보상, 근무시간, 대인관계 및 의사소통, 장애에 대한 배려와 편의 변수가 포함된다. 또한, 고용의 질을 나타내는 각 요소가 자아존중감을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 분석을 위해 한국장애인고용공단의 장애인고용패널(2018)을 활용하였고, 전체 패널 4,104명 중 현 직장에서 1년 이상 근속하고 있는 임금근로장애인 825명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 분석 방법으로는, Baron과 Kenny(1986)의 매개 효과 검증 3단계 분석을 시행하여 6가지 고용의 질적 요소 중 요소 간 영향력을 통제하고도 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요소는 무엇인지, 그 경로를 자아존중감이 매개하는지 확인하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 고용의 질을 나타내는 6가지 요소 중 임금근로장애인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요소는 ‘근무시간’, ‘대인관계 및 의사소통’, ‘장애에 대한 배려와 편의’로 나타났다. 둘째, 직장 내 대인관계 및 의사소통이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 자아존중감이 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 국내 장애인 고용의 우선적 과제가 고용의 양이 아닌 질적 도약에 있으며, 그중에서도 임금근로장애인의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 근무시간, 대인관계, 장애 배려 등 주관적이고 비경제적 차원의 질을 앞서 개선해야 함을 강조하였다. 특히, 대인관계 및 의사소통은 자아존중감을 통해서만 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 장애인의 관점에서 일이 가진 관계적이고 존재적인 가치를 가장 잘 반영하는 요소임을 밝혔다. 결론적으로, 임금근로장애인의 삶의 만족도 증진을 위해서 탄력적 근무제도와 시간제 근로자를 위한 처우 보장이 필요하며, 직장 내 장애 배려에 관한 구체적인 기준과 시행 지침이 마련되어야 한다. 또한, 비장애인과 장애인 간 긍정적 상호작용을 활성화하고, 장애인 근로자의 자아존중감을 향상하기 위한 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 다음의 몇 가지 의의가 있다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 고용의 ‘양'이 아닌 ‘질'을 다룸으로써 장애인 고용 분야의 패러다임 전환을 시도하였다. 둘째, 본 연구는 미시적 차원에서 장애 특수성을 반영한 지표들을 활용하였으며, 다중 요소 간 영향력을 고려하고도 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 고용의 질 요소를 분석하였다. 셋째, 기존 연구는 고용의 질 현황 파악에 머물러 있었으나, 본 연구는 장애인 고용의 궁극적 목표인 ‘삶의 만족도 향상’을 달성하기 위해 ‘구체적으로 무엇을 해야 하는가’로 담론을 확장했다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 장애인의 관점에서 일이란 ‘단순한 경제적 수단이 아닌 사회적 인정을 획득함으로써 자기를 긍정하고 만족스러운 삶을 살기 위한 기회’라는 전제하에, 고용의 질적 특성과 삶의 만족도 간 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개 효과를 연구하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of employment quality on life satisfaction of wage workers with disabilities, with a specific focus on the mediating effect of self-esteem. Although the employment rate of individuals with disabilities has steadily increased since the compulsory employment system was implemented, employed individuals with disabilities still suffer from poor conditions, such as low wages, low-skilled labor, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships at work. The reason why this is a problem is not only because of associated economic difficulties but also due to a decrease in self-esteem and life satisfaction. In other words, poor employment quality leads to a lack of 'social recognition' that individuals with disabilities are worthy members of society equal to individuals without disabilities, and this may prevent them from feeling positively about themselves and living a satisfying life. However, existing discussions on improving the employment quality for individuals with disabilities have mainly been focused on economic aspects such as income security and the expansion of full-time jobs. As a result, the psychological and emotional value of employment for these individuals, such as the improvement in self-esteem through the acquisition of social recognition and a satisfactory life were not reflected in the discourse. Thus, in this study, employment quality was defined by collectively reflecting the economical, psychological, and emotional aspects of employment. This includes variables such as ‘job security’, ‘development potential’, ‘income’, ‘working hours’, ‘interpersonal relationships and communication’, and ‘the consideration and convenience for workers with disabilities’. Also, it was intended to confirm the effect of each element representing employment quality on life satisfaction through self-esteem. This study used the 2018 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) from the Korea Employment Agency for Persons with Disabilities. Out of the total 4,104 panels, 825 wage workers with disabilities who have been working at their current workplace for more than a year were selected as subjects for the study. As an analysis method, Baron and Kenny (1986)'s three-step analysis of mediating effect verification was utilized to determine which of the six elements of employment quality affects life satisfaction, and whether self-esteem mediates that path. Major findings are as follows: (1) Among the six elements that represent employment quality, the elements affecting the life satisfaction of wage workers with disabilities were ‘working hours’, ‘interpersonal relationships and communication’, and ‘consideration and convenience for workers with disabilities’; (2) It has been shown that ‘interpersonal relationships and communication’ in the workplace have an impact on life satisfaction and this relationship was completely mediated by self-esteem. Based on these findings, this study emphasized that the priority task of employment for individuals with disabilities in Korea is a qualitative leap rather than a leap in the quantity of employment, especially to improve the quality of subjective and non-economic dimensions such as working hours, interpersonal relationships, and disability consideration. In particular, it was revealed that only ‘interpersonal relationships and communication’ can influence one’s life satisfaction through self-esteem, which is why this is the element that best reflects the relational and existential value of work from the perspective of persons with disabilities. In conclusion, in order to improve the life satisfaction of wage workers with disabilities, a flexible working system and guarantee of proper treatment for part-time workers are needed, and specific standards and implementation guidelines for the consideration of disabilities in the workplace should be prepared. In addition, programs must be developed to promote positive interactions between individuals with and without disabilities and to improve the self-esteem of wage workers with disabilities. This study has significance in several areas. First, this study attempted to change the paradigm in the field of employment for individuals with disabilities by recognizing the aspects of 'quality' rather than 'quantity' of employment. Second, this study utilized indicators that reflected the specificity of disability at the micro level, and identified which of the qualitative elements of employment influence life satisfaction even after considering other multiple elements. Third, while existing research remained at a level of understanding the quality of employment, this study expanded the discourse to a 'specific agenda’ in order to achieve the ultimate goal of employment, namely 'improving life satisfaction’. Finally, this study analyzed the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between the quality of employment and life satisfaction based on the premise that ‘Work is not just a financial means but a great opportunity to affirm oneself and live a satisfying life by gaining social recognition.’

정신장애인의 재기태도와 삶의 질 : 척도개발과 모형검증을 중심으로

배정규 계명대학교 2005 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 두 가지이다. 첫째, 정신장애인의 재기태도를 측정하는 척도를 개발한다. 둘째, 증상, 기능, 그리고 사회적 지지가 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 과정에 재기태도가 매개변인으로 작용하는지를 검증한다. 본 연구는 이를 위하여 연구 1과 연구2를 수행하였다. 연구 1은 정신장애인의 재기태도척도를 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 예비문항 121문항을 선정하였다. 문항의 출처는 ① 재기 오리엔테이션(Resnick et al., in press) 49문항, ② 재기평가척도(Corrigan et al., 1999) 41문항 중 38문항, ③ 본 연구자가 개발한 34문항이다. 정신장애인을 대상으로 예비척도를 실시하여, 최종 604명(남자 373명, 여자 231명)의 자료를 분석하였다. 이 중 340명(남자 214명, 여자 126명)의 자료는 탐색적 요인분석 자료로, 나머지 264명(남자 159명, 여자 105명)의 자료는 확인적 요인분석 자료로 사용하였다. 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 수행한 결과, 7개 요인이 추출되었다. 이들은 ① 친구와 이웃에 대한 만족, ② 지원체계에 대한 지식, ③ 인생에 대한 희망/낙관, ④ 병의 수용 ⑤ 가족과 친척에 대한 만족, ⑥ 병에 대한 대처 지식, ⑦ 병에 대한 희망/낙관이다. 각 요인별로 6문항씩 추출하여, 총 42문항, 4점 평정척도(4점 = 매우 그렇다)로 구성된 최종 척도를 개발하였다. 이 척도의 요인별 신뢰도는 Cronbach's a .74 ~ .80 사이였다. 이 척도의 동시타당도를 검증한 결과, 7개 요인 중 5개 요인이 내면화된 오점척도(Ritsher et al., 2003)와 유의한 부적 상관을 보였다(r = -.09 ~ -.21). 또한 이 척도의 7개 요인 모두가 희망척도(Snyder et al., 1991)와 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다(r = .41 ~ .63). 연구 2는 증상, 기능, 그리고 사회적 지지가 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 과정에 재기태도가 매개변인으로 작용하는지를 검증하기 위하여 수행되었다. 정신장애인들을 대상으로 재기태도, 증상, 기능, 사회적 지지, 그리고 삶의 질을 측정하여, 최종 520명(남자 315명, 여자 205명)의 자료를 분석하였다. 재기태도가 매개변인으로 작용하는지를 알아보기 위하여, 단계적 회귀분석과 공변량 구조분석을 행하였다. 삶의 질을 종속변인으로 한 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 재기태도의 설명력이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며(43%), 경제수준(8%), 기능(8%), 그리고 사회적 지지(2%)가 유의한 설명력을 지니고 있었다. 그러나 증상은 삶의 질에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 단계적 회귀분석 결과를 바탕으로 변인들 간의 관계에 대한 가설적 모형(정신장애인의 삶의 질에 대한 재기태도 매개모형)을 개발하였다. 이 모형의 외생변인은 증상, 기능, 사회적 지지, 그리고 경제수준이고, 내생요인은 재기태도와 삶의 질이다. 이 모형을 검증하기 위하여 공변량 구조분석을 행하였다. 그 결과 각 변인이 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 경로는 다음과 같았다. ① 증상은 삶의 질에 직접 영향을 미치지 않고, 재기태도에 의해 매개되어 간접적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 이때 그 영향은 부적인 방향이었다. ② 기능과 사회적 지지는 직접 삶의 질에 영향을 미치기도 하였고, 재기태도에 의해 매개되어 간접적으로 영향을 미치기도 하였다. 이때 그 방향은 정적이었다. ③ 경제수준은 삶의 질에 직접 영향을 미쳤고, 그 방향은 정적이었다. 그러나 재기태도에 의해 매개되어 간접적으로 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 이러한 공변량 구조분석 결과는 본 연구에서 개발된 가설적 모형(정신장애인의 삶의 질에 대한 재기태도 매개모형)을 지지하는 결과이다. 참고적으로 재기태도가 조절변인으로도 작용하는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 삶의 질을 종속변인으로 하고, 재기태도와 증상을 독립변인으로 하여 이원변량분석을 하였다. 또한 증상 대신에 기능을 독립변인으로 하여, 마찬가지의 이원변량분석을 하였다. 그 결과 모든 이원변량분석에서 상호작용효과는 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 모든 이원변량분석에서 재기태도의 주효과가 유의하였다. 이는 증상과 기능의 정도에 관계없이, 재기태도의 점수가 높으면 삶의 질도 높고, 재기태도의 점수가 낮으면 삶의 질도 낮다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 7개 요인, 42문항으로 구성된 재기태도척도를 개발하였고, 척도의 구성타당도, 교차타당도, 동시타당도를 입증하였다. 둘째, 증상, 기능, 그리고 사회적 지지가 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 과정에, 재기태도가 매개변인(mediator)으로 작용한다는 사실을 입증하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서 개발한 척도의 임상적 활용성을 논하였고, 재기촉진적인 정책, 서비스 환경, 그리고 프로그램의 필요성을 논하였다. There were two purposes in this study: The first was to develop a scale of attitude of recovery for persons with psychiatric disabilities and the second was to test whether the effect of symptom, function, and social support on the quality of life is mediated by attitude of recovery. Two separate studies were conducted to accomplish these two purposes. Study 1 was designed to develop a scale of attitude of recovery. A total of 121 initial items were selected for this scale. These items include (1) 49 from Recovery Orientation, (2) 38 from Recovery Assessment Scale of 41 items, and (3) 34 made by author. A total 604 subjects(373 males and 231 females) were used in analyzing the preliminary scale. The data of 340 subjects(214 males and 126 females) were used for an exploratory factor analysis and those of 264(159 males and 105 females) were used for a confirmatory factor analysis. Seven factors ended up from two steps of factor analysis: (1) satisfaction with friends and neighbors, (2) knowledge of support system, (3) hope or optimism of life, (4) acceptance toward illness, (5) satisfaction with family and relatives, (6) knowledge for coping with illness, and (7) hope or optimism of prognosis. The final scale resulted in seven factors. Each factor consisted of 6 items and each item was rated on the 4-point scale(4 = strongly agree). The reliabilities(Cronbach's α) of seven factors ranged from .74 to .80. Five factors out of seven were negatively correlated(r = -.09 ~ -.21) with the ISMI(Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness)(Ritsher et al., 2003). And, all of seven factors were positively correlated(r = .41 ~ .63) with the Hope Scale(Snyder et al., 1991). These patterns of correlations indicate the good concurrent validity. Study 2 was conducted to test whether the effect of symptom, function, and social support on the quality of life is mediated by attitude of recovery. 520 subjects(315 males and 205 females) with psychiatric disabilities were used to measure attitude of recovery, symptom, function, social support and quality of life. To test the role of attitude of recovery as a mediator, stepwise regression analysis and covariance structural analysis were conducted in sequence. Results from the stepwise regression analysis with the quality of life as a dependent variable showed that the attitude of recovery explained the most(43%) and the other three were also the significant explanatory variables: economic status(8%), function(8%), and social support(2%). But the symptom did not have any significant effect on the quality of life. Based on the results from the stepwise regression analysis, a hypothetical model was developed regarding the interrelations among the variables(the mediator model of recovery attitude toward the quality of life of persons with psychiatric disabilities). The exogenous variables of this model include symptom, function, social support, and economic status. And the endogenous variables were attitude of recovery and quality of life. To test the model, a covariance structural analysis was adopted. Results from this analysis showed that (1) symptom did not show a direct effect on the quality of life, but influenced it indirectly through attitude of recovery as a mediator in the negative direction. (2) Functions and social supports had direct and indirect effects through the attitude of recovery as a mediator on quality of life. The direction was positive. (3) Economic status directly and positively affected the quality of life. But it did not show any indirect mediating effect of the attitude of recovery. Results from the covariance structural analysis supported the model hypothesized in this study. Additional analyses were accomplished to test the role of attitude of recovery as a moderator. Two-way ANOVA was conducted with the quality of life as a dependent variable and the attitude of recovery and symptoms as independent variables. And two-way ANOVA was repeated with the attitude of recovery and function as independent variables. An interaction effect was not significant in any of ANOVAs. But the main effect of attitude of recovery was significant in both of ANOVAs. These results suggest that people with a more positive attitude of recovery have the higher quality of life regardless of the levels of symptom and function. Therefore, the moderator effect(strictly buffering effect) of attitude of recovery was partly tested. This study can be significant in two ways. First, a scale of attitude of recovery was developed which consisted of seven factors and 42 items. Additionally, three kinds of validities(construct validity, cross validity, and concurrent validity) of this scale were confirmed. Second, the role of attitude of recovery hypothesized as a mediator was also confirmed. Several implications of these findings were discussed regarding the usefulness of attitude of recovery in mental health practice. And Several ideas were suggested regarding the importance of recovery-oriented service, policy, and system.

중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리, 스포츠 자신감 및 삶의 질 간의 구조적 관계

후립 우석대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to confirm the differences in achievement goal tendency, self-management, sports self-confidence and life quality among Chinese college football players according to the general characteristics of demography, finding out the structural relationship from various factors, confirming the impact of achievement goal tendency on life quality, and verifying the media effect of self-management and sports self-confidence in the relationship between the two variables. In this study, the football players from Shandong Institute of physical education, Beijing Sport University, Shanghai Institute of physical education and Guangzhou Institute of physical education were taken as the research objects. According to the convenience sampling method of non probability sampling, the questionnaire star was used to send online questionnaires to 600 people, and 545 questionnaires were collected. 60 questionnaires were considered missed questions or judged to be dishonest, a total of 485 valid questionnaires were used for result analysis. Data processing structural equation model analysis was carried out by SPSS 26.0 and Amos 21.0. In order to realize the hypothesis verification of the research model for the purpose of this study, nine optimal path hypotheses are set, such as the difference of general characteristics, achievement goal tendency and self-management, achievement goal tendency and sports self-confidence, achievement goal tendency and life quality, self-management and sports self-confidence, self-management and life quality, sports self-confidence and life quality, self-management and media effect of sports self-confidence. The validation results of the research model. In the correlation analysis and confirmation factor analysis results, the result values of all factors show satisfactory suitability. The detailed hypothesis validation results are as follows. 1.This paper analyzes the differences on achievement goal tendency, self management, sports self-confidence and life quality, and there are differences in gender, grade and sports grade according to the general characteristics of Chinese college football players. 2. The achievement goal tendency of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on self-management. The higher the achievement goal is, the higher the level of self-management will be. 3. The achievement goal tendency of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on Sports confidence. The higher the achievement goal tendency is, the higher the level of sports confidence will be. 4. The achievement goal tendency of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on the life quality. The higher the achievement goal tendency is, the higher the life quality will be. 5. The self-management of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on Sports self-confidence. The higher the level of self-management is,the higher the level of sports self-confidence will be. 6. The self-management of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on the life quality. The higher the self-management is, the higher the life quality will be. 7. The sports self-confidence of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on the life quality. The higher the sports self-confidence is , the higher the life quality will be. 8. The influence of Chinese college football players' achievement goal tendency on the life quality has media effect of self-management. 9. The influence of Chinese college football players' achievement goal tendency on the life quality has media effect of sports self-confidence. As mentioned above, the achievement goal tendency, self-management and sports self-confidence of Chinese college football players go hand in hand, which has a causal relationship with the life quality and has a positive impact on the life quality. Therefore, in certain coach and his or her teams, if we can improve athletes' achievement goal tendency, self-management level and sports self-confidence, as athletes, we can improve the happiness of life in getting along with coaches and teammates, and we can highly evaluate our own life quality. The improvement of life quality is not only as athletes themselves, but also an important factor for the growth of college students in our era. 본 연구의 목적은 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리, 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질 간의 차이를 확인하고 각 요인 간의 구조적 관계를 밝히며 성취목표성향이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 두 변수의 관계에서 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감의 매개체 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구는 산둥체육대학교, 베이징체육대학교, 상하이체육대학교, 광저우체육대학교 등 4개 중국 대학교의 축구 전공 대학생 선수를 대상으로 하고 2021년 6월에 연구설계를 진행하였고, 2022년 2~3월에 비확률 표본추출법(non-probability sampling)에 따른 편의표본추출법 (convenience sampling method)을 채택하고 중국 리서치 전문 업체인 원쬔씽(問卷星)을 통하여 총 600명에게 온라인 설문지를 배포해 545건 수거하였다. 문항이 누락 되거나 불성실하다고 판단된 60건을 제외한 총 485건의 유효 질문지가 결과 분석에 활용되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 26.0과 AMOS 21.0을 이용해 구조방정식 모델 분석을 진행하였다. 본 연구목적을 실현하기 위한 연구모델의 가설 검증을 위해 일반적인 특성의 차이, 성취목표성향과 자기 관리, 성취목표성향과 스포츠 자신감, 성취목표성향과 삶의 질, 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감, 자기 관리와 삶의 질, 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질, 자기 관리와 운동 자신감의 매개 효과 등 9개의 최우선 경로 가설을 설정했다. 연구모델의 검증결과는 관련 관계 분석과 확인요인 분석결과에서 모든 요인의 결과 값이 만족스러운 적합도를 나타냈고 상세한 가설 검증결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 일반적인 특성에 따라 성취목표성향, 자기 관리, 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질에 대해 차이를 분석한 결과 성별, 학년, 운동등급에 차이가 존재한다. 2. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향은 자기 관리에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 성취목표성향이 높을수록 자기 관리의 수준이 높아진다. 3. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향은 스포츠 자신감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 성취목표성향이 높을수록 스포츠 자신감의 수준이 높아진다. 4. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향과 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 성취목표성향이 높을수록 삶의 질의 수준이 높아진다. 5. 중국 대학생 축구선수들의 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자기 관리가 높을수록 스포츠 자신감의 수준이 높아진다. 6. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 자기 관리와 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자기 관리가 높을수록 삶의 질의 수준이 높아진다. 7. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자기 관리가 높을수록 삶의 질의 수준이 높아진다. 8. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향은 자기 관리의 매개체 효과가 존재한다. 9. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향은 스포츠 자신감의 매개체 효과가 존재한다. 이처럼 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감을 병행하는 것은 삶의 질과 인과관계가 있어 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 감독과 소속팀에서 선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리수준, 스포츠 자신감을 높일 수 있다면 선수로서 팀과 감독, 동료들과 어울려 삶의 행복감을 높일 수 있고, 자신 삶의 질을 높이 평가할 수 있으며, 삶의 질 향상은 선수 자신뿐만 아니라 우리 시대에 맞는 대학생의 성장에 중요한 요인이다.

노년기 여가활동과 스트레스·삶의 질에 관한 연구

이상덕 高麗大學校 2004 국내박사

The purpose of this research is to analyze the study of leisure activities in the old age and the stress·the quality of life. In the result of verification of the gap and similarity among groups, process-analysis and recurrence-analysis, the conclusion below were produced. First, as to the correlation between the stress, constituent factor for quality of life, and subjective quality of life according to the type of leisure activities : Sports leisure group has shown a lower stress recognition rate than non sports leisure group in the area of individual stress (psychological and physical) and conflict stress (family, economical and social). In addition, among the constituent factors of quality of life, leisure satisfaction has shown high rate in the whole area of psychological, educational, social, leisure, physical and environmental satisfaction. On satisfaction of needs, the elderly group who are participating in sports leisure activities has shown the high satisfaction rate in the area of both environmental needs and growth needs. As to the subjective quality of life (satisfaction of life, positive emotion and negative emotion), while the group that is involved in sports leisure activities has shown the higher rate of satisfaction in the area of life satisfaction and positive emotion, it has shown lower rate in negative emotion. In other words, the active leisure releases the everyday stress of the elderlies and it has a very efficient function to recognize the high quality of life subjectively. Second, as to the correlation between the stress, constituent factors of quality of life and subjective quality of life according to the frequency of participating leisure activities : As to the stress, the group of "longer than 60 months", "participating everyday", "longer than 90 minutes" has shown the lowest recognition rate of individual stress (psychological, physical) and conflict stress (family, economical and social). Besides, as to the stress recognition according to the type of participating leisure activities, both sports leisure activity group and non sports leisure activity group has shown that the steady participation had the influence to lessen the individual and conflict stress. In the case of constituent factors of quality of life, the group of “longer than 60 months”, “participating everyday”, “longer than 90 minutes” has shown the highest satisfaction rate both in leisure satisfaction and satisfaction of needs. And as to the constituent factors of quality of life according to the rate of leisure participation, the more steady participation of both sports leisure activities and non sports leisure activities has shown the big influence on the satisfaction rate of leisure and needs. In the case of subjective quality of life, the group of “longer than 60 months”, “participating everyday” and “longer than 90 minutes” has shown high rate of life satisfaction and positive emotion and low rate of negative emotion. In addition, as to the subjective quality of life according to the rate of participating in leisure activities, the more steady participation of both sports leisure activities and non sports leisure activities has shown the positive influence on the life satisfaction and positive emotion. On contrast, while the negative emotion is lessen by the frequent and long participation of sports leisure activities, it is lessen by steady participation of non sports leisure activities. As to the constituent factors of quality of life (leisure satisfaction, satisfaction of needs) and subjective quality of life (life satisfaction, positive emotion and negative emotion), while the leisure satisfaction and the satisfaction of needs has influenced on the whole factors of quality of life in the sports leisure activities group, non sports leisure activities has meaningful influence on life satisfaction and positive emotion. In other words, the elderlies who participate in sports leisure activities for a long period steadily has less stress and have the high satisfaction of quality of life on the whole. Third, the causal pattern of the participation rate of leisure activities in old age, stress, constituent factors, subjective quality of life : In the case of non sports leisure activity, the rate of leisure participation has meaningful influence on individual stress, subjective quality of life, satisfaction of needs and conflict stress. And individual stress has meaningful influence on subjective quality of life, satisfaction of needs and leisure satisfaction. In the case of sports leisure activities, the rate of leisure participation has meaningful influence on individual stress, subjective quality of life, satisfaction of needs and conflict stress. And while individual stress has meaningful influence on subjective quality of life, satisfaction of needs and leisure satisfaction, the conflict stress has meaningful influence on subjective quality of life·And satisfaction of needs and leisure satisfaction has meaningful influence on subjective quality of life As to the whole leisure, the rate of leisure participation has meaningful influence on individual stress, subjective quality of life, satisfaction of needs and conflict stress. Individual stress has meaningful influence on satisfaction of needs, subjective quality of life and leisure satisfaction and conflict stress has meaningful influence on subjective quality of life. In addition, leisure satisfaction and satisfaction of needs has meaningful influence on subjective quality of life.

慢性精神障碍人의 삶의 質 要因에 관한 硏究

한영란 大邱大學校 1998 국내박사

The purpose of this research are firstly, to analysis and consider the factors that influence the quality of life of chronic mental disability and secondly to propose how the contacts of psycho-social rehabilitation program could be composed by comparing between groups who have and have not the psycho-social rehabilitation service in order to recognize the effects of psycho-social rehabilitation service provided by mental health center. After surveying and analysing the number of 166 people who have had the psycho-social rehabilitation service and the number of 185 who have not had same service. This research has arrived the following results. In this research the condition of Physical health variables which affect 「Quality of Life」 of chronic mental disablity are frequency of going out, Self - care, Physical Health, utilization of Mental Service. Leval of Satistaction on his/her own outlook, Tention, impatience, Concentration in their activity. The variables of satisfaction in the aspect of emotional health are Satisfaction about present life, Satisfaction about past life, Management of daily life, Hope for the future, Depression, Life of past day. The sub variables for self - esteem are Satisfaction about present life, Confidence in their jobs, low evaluation about oneself. consideration themselves as valuable person. searching one's own merits Understanding of themselves. The sub variables for the daily life and leasure activity which affect the Quality of life of the chronic mental disablity in social health are Neat looking, Religious activity, Arrangement of their aroundings, Watching TV / Listening Radio, Continious contact with friends and neighbors. Going out for movies or plays. The sub variables in job factor are friendness with their fellows, Working ability, Satisfaction about their salaries, Helping their collegues, Working hours. The sub variables chosen for the factor in personal relationship are Sociality with other people, Projecying their own opinion, Difficulty in talking with other people, Showing their own interest, The way of solving problems when opinions are different. Friendness to other people. Good personal relationship with other people The sub variables sleeted to understand relationship in family dynamics are Openness among family members, Discussion with family members about their own difficult problems. Family members emotional support, Expressing own emotion to their family members freely, Frequency of contacting with family members Above categories stated in this research will benefit foundings, First it will help to evaluate healing process of chronic mental disablity as well as to determine appropriateness for psycho - social rehabilitation service. also the result of therapy can be seized with accuracy. Secondly a through understanding of chronic mental disablity can be gained through the process of psycho-social rehabilitation service. Therefore based on the knowledge gained not necessarly as a mental health expert but also a consumer more efficient strategy can be planed out. Finally it will provide the informations to develop treatment and therapeutic method for chronic - mental disability. This is reserch to set the factors of the Quality of life and the premise of this research is to approach to the therapy of psysical - psycho - social rehabilitation. Even though this research has a limitation. followings can be expected would be much easier the Quality of life of the chronic - mental disability. If the each chosen sub variables are reduced to highly related causes based on this research. the evaluation of the Quality of life of the chronic mental disablity would be much easy. By looking at the relations among steowuse therapy programs of the Quality of life more specific and effective therapy plan can be decided. Therefore the task of this research is to do positive research about the application of the relations between the types of the therapy programs and the Quality of life of the chronic mental disability.