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      • (The) mutual indwelling of the Johannine community in John 17:21 and the tyrannical patriarchy of Roman society

        김경민 United Graduate School of Theoloogy, Yonsei Univer 2015 국내석사

        RANK : 233353

        This study investigates John 17:21, a key verse in the Johannine believers’ mission strategy to the world. In this, Jesus’ Farewell Prayer, he requests of God the Father “that all of them [believers] be one as you, father, are in me and I am in you, and that they also may be in us, so that the world believe that you have sent me.” This “mutual indwelling,” wherein the Father and the Son abide reciprocally, provides a basis for the world to believe in Jesus’ identity as the Son of God. In this context, the “world” is the Roman Empire, which dominated the Mediterranean region in John’s time. When we compare the Father?Son relationship in John 17:21 with the contemporary Roman family system, we see that the mutual indwelling of the Father and Son is highly significant to the Johannine community’s mission to the Romans. In the Roman family, the paterfamilias, or patriarch, held all domestic authority, which he wielded over the rest of the household. The figure of the paterfamilias recalls the Roman myth of Saturn, emblem of paternal cruelty. Just as Saturn swallowed his offspring as soon as they were born for fear that they would one day deprive him of power, so too the Roman father would take away his children’s freedom, sometimes sell them into slavery, and in a few cases even exercise ius vitae necisque, the right to kill his children. In addition to this bodily control, a paterfamilias also had full control over the familial property. Roman child had to endure unfair treatment as long as his father had breath. In contrast to the Roman family system, John suggests an alternative world in which the Father, God, is the embodiment of love and shares his life with his Son, even mutually indwelling in him. The Father delegates many privileges to the Son and enjoys oneness with him. Not only Jesus but also his believers are given the privilege to be united with God. These believers experience the living God and Jesus’ divine nature. Father God also gives his Son the “glory,” denoting divinity, which flows from Jesus to the believers. Members of the Johannine community were bestowed the divine nature and received the Holy Spirit from the glorified Jesus.Based on historical facts about the Roman family structure, it is evident that John 17:21 would have appealed to Roman sons suffering from their fathers’ tyranny. The new father image could console such readers with the promise that they might be deified, a privilege that in Roman society was allowed only for the emperors and imperial family. The new social order of the Johannine community was free of monopolization of power, economic inequality, and oppression of the weak. All members were to be united and made equal by shared divinity and love of God.

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