Sleep in College Club Athletes: Patterns, Correlates, and Comparisons with College Non-athletes

Tsukerman, Dmitry University of California, Irvine ProQuest Disserta 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Sufficient sleep is essential for maintaining physical and emotional well-being, and both quantity and quality of sleep are related to numerous well-being and functional outcomes. Among college students, poor sleep has been related to poorer mental health and academic performance. Collegiate athletes are a subgroup of college students that may face additional challenges in maintaining ample and good quality sleep due to the time demands, psychological pressures, and rigid schedules associated with participation in college sports. Sleeping well may be even more critical for college athletes relative to the general undergraduate population, as the success of college athletes on the field may greatly rely on the restorative benefits of sleep to both their physical and psychological functioning. However, no known studies have examined sleep or well-being outcomes in college club athletes, who compete at a lower level than NCAA-level athletes but may still experience many of the same stressors and sleep problems. In two studies, the present dissertation examined both objective (i.e., wrist actigraphy) and subjective sleep parameters and their correlates in college club athletes (Study 1) and compared subjective sleep variables and academic performance between college club athletes and college non-athletes (Study 2). Club athletes and non-athletes did not differ in their sleep profiles or academic performance, but club athletes reported feeling less stressed than non-athletes. For club athletes, important relationships were found between both objective and subjective sleep measures and next day affect. Notably, athletes reported lower negative affect on days after which they had above average sleep efficiency and self-reported sleep quality the previous night, as well as higher positive affect after nights of better self-reported sleep. Additionally, for club athletes, better sleep hygiene was related to both higher daily and global subjective sleep quality and to lower reported insomnia severity. Sleep profiles of college club athletes are discussed in comparison to previous findings for college students, college athletes, and elite athletes. Implications for the affective and functional consequences of poor sleep in club athletes are also discussed.

대학 운동선수 자기-대인관계적 정서조절, 스포츠 도덕적 이탈이 도덕적 행동간의 관계 : 사회정보처리이론을 중심으로

서호명 우석대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

이 연구는 사회정보처리 이론을 바탕으로 중국 대학생 운동선수들의 운동 상황에서의 도덕적 행동을 고찰하기 위한 것이다. 우선 대학생 운동선수의 자기-대인관계적 정서조절(정서과정), 스포츠 도덕적 이탈(잠재적 심리구조)과 현재 상황 실시간 사회정보처리의 역할 관계를 밝혔다. 이를 바탕으로 운동 상황에서 사회정보 처리의 정서-인지 통합 모형이 대학생 운동선수의 도덕적 행동에 대한 예측과 해석 역할을 검증하였다. 자료 수집은 중국 광둥성 대학생 선수들을 대상으로 확률적추출방법을 적용해 총 613부의 설문지를 수집하였다. 이 중 답변이 불완전하고 규칙적으로 답변한 무효설문지 26부를 제외한 대학생 선수 587명의 조사자료를 분석하였다. SPSS24.0과 AMOS23.0을 이용하여 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 검증, Kmeans 클러스터 분석, 단일요인검증 및 Scheffe 사후 검증, 상관관계 분석과 구조방정식 모형을 분석하였다. 분석결과로부터 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, Kmeans 클러스터 분석을 이용해 공격그룹, 친사회 그룹, 일반그룹 3개 그룹으로 분류하였다. 정서조절 전략의 차이점을 검증한 결과, 내부영향 악화와 외부영향을 받아 악화의 2가지 전략에서 친사회적 그룹과 일반 그룹보다 공격그룹이 높은 점수를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 내부영향 개선, 외부영향을 받아 개선과 외부 영향 개선은 3가지 전략 중 친사회적 그룹이 일반 그룹보다 점수가 높았고, 공격그룹은 일반 그룹보다 높았으며 친사회적 그룹은 공격그룹보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 외부 영향 악화전략에 대하여 일반 그룹이 친사회적 그룹보다 점수가 높으며, 공격그룹은 일반 그룹과 친사회적 그룹보다 유의하게 높았다. 사회정보처리 단계별 차이 점검 결과 공격그룹의 적대적 귀인, 공격적 목표선택, 공격적 반응생성 및 공격적 반응의 긍정적 평가는 친사회적 그룹과 일반 그룹보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 일반 그룹의 공격적 반응생성과 공격적 반응의 긍정 평가는 친사회적 그룹보다 유의하게 높았다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈의 차이 검증 결과 공격그룹의 비인간화, 책임 전가, 유리한 비교, 책임분산, 재해석 행동, 결과왜곡의 점수가 친사회적 그룹과 일반 그룹보다 현저히 높았고, 일반 그룹의 결과왜곡 점수가 친사회적 그룹보다 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 대학생 운동선수 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 사회정보처리에 단계별로 직접적·간접적 효과를 갖는다. 구체적으로 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 단서해석(적대적 귀인), 목표 명료화(공격적 목표선택), 반응 탐색(공격적 반응생성)에 정(+)적 영향을 미치고, 반응 평가(공격적 반응에 대한 긍정적 평가)에 미치는 직접적인 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 단서해석을 경유하여 목표 명료화와 반응 탐색에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 목표 명료화를 경유하여 반응 탐색에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 단서적 해석과 목표를 다중매체로 설정해 반응 탐색에 간접 효과가 나타났다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 반응 탐색을 매개로 반응 결정에 간접효과가 나타났다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 단서해석과 목표생성과 반응 탐색을 다중 매개로 반응 결정에 간접 효과가 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생 운동선수 정서조절은 사회정보 처리에 단계별로 직접·간접효과를 갖는다. 구체적으로 직접 효과는 내부영향 개선, 외부영향을 받아 개선, 외부영향 개선은 목표 명료화에 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 내부영향 개선은 반응 탐색에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 내부영향 악화, 외부영향을 받아 악화, 외부영향 악화는 목표 명료화에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 외부영향을 받아 악화와 외부영향 악화는 반응 탐색에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 단서해석은 내부영향 악화, 외부영향을 받아 악화, 외부영향 악화에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 간접효과에 있어서 단서해석은 내부영향 악화, 외부영향을 받아 악화, 외부영향 악화 것을 매개로 목표 명료화에 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 6가지 정서조절 전략은 각각 목표 명료화를 매개로 반응 탐색에 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 내부영향 개선, 외부 영향을 받아 악화, 외부영향 악화를 주기는 각각 반응 탐색을 매개로 반응 결정에 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 6가지 정서조절 전략은 각각 목표 명료화와 반응 탐색을 다중 매개로 추출해 반응 결정에 간접 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생 운동선수들의 자기정서조절, 스포츠 도덕적 이탈, 사회정보처리와 스포츠 친사회적 및 반사회적 행동의 구조적 관계에 따르면 내부영향 개선은 사회정보처리에 부정(-)적 영향을 주고 친사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 내부영향 악화는 사회정보처리와 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회정보처리는 친사회적 행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 사회정보처리와 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 내부영향 개선과 내부영향 악화는 사회정보처리를 매개로 스포츠 친사회적 행동에 미치는 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 내부영향 악화와 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 사회적 정보 처리를 매개로 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 간접 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 대학생 운동선수들의 대인관계적 정서조절, 스포츠 도덕적 이탈, 사회정보처리와 스포츠 친사회적 및 반사회적 행동의 구조적 관계에서 4가지 대인관계적 정서조절전략은 모형에서의 역할효과가 다른 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 모형1. 외부 영향을 받아 악화는 사회정보 처리와 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 영향을 받아 악화는 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 미치는 영향은 사회정보처리 과정을 거치지 않는다. 모형2. 외부 영향을 받아 개선은 사회정보 처리에 부정적인 영향을 주고 스포츠 친사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 준다, 또한 외부 영향을 받아 개선하여 사회정보 처리를 매개로 스포츠 친사회적 행동에 간접 효과를 나타낸다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 사회정보 처리를 매개로 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 모형3. 외부 영향 악화를 사회정보 처리와 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 스포츠 친사회적 행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 영향 악화의 스포츠 친사회와 반사회적 행동에 미치는 영향은 사회정보처리 과정을 통하지 않는다. 스포츠 도덕적 이탈이 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 미치는 영향은 사회정보처리 과정을 거치지 않는다. 모형4. 외부 영향 개선은 것은 사회정보 처리에 부정적인 영향을 주고 스포츠 친사회적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 영향 개선과 스포츠 친사회적 행동의 관계에서 사회정보처리가 매개역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 영향 개선과 스포츠 도덕적 이탈은 사회정보처리를 매개로 스포츠 반사회적 행동에 미치는 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 종합하면 운동 환경에서 대학생 운동선수의 사회정보처리 과정은 정서조절과 도덕적 이탈에 영향을 받는다. 서로 다른 유형의 정서조절 전략이 모형에 포함됐을 때 대학생 선수들의 도덕적 행동에 대한 예측과 해석이 달라진다는 것이 확인 되었다. Based on social information processing theory, this study aims to examine the moral behavior of Chinese college athletes in sports situations. Firstly, it expounds on the relationship between college athletes' self-interpersonal emotion regulation (emotional process) and sport moral disengagement (potential psychological structure), and online social information processing. On this basis, it is verified that the emotional-cognitive integration model of social information processing in sports situations can predict and explain the moral behavior of college athletes. A random sampling method was used for data collection, and 613 questionnaires were collected from college athletes in Guangdong Province, China. Among them, 26 invalid questionnaires with incomplete answers and regular answers were excluded, and finally, the survey data of 587 college athletes were analyzed. Using SPSS24.0 and AMOS23.0 for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability test, Kmeans cluster analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post-hoc test, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis. The study came to the following conclusions. First, use Kmeans cluster analysis to obtain three groups of categories, namely aggressive group, prosocial group, and general group. The difference test results of emotion regulation strategies showed that in the two strategies of affect-worsening ESR and receiving affect-worsening IER, the score of the aggressive group was higher than that of the prosocial group and the general group. Among the three strategies of affect-improving ESR, receiving affect-improving IER, and Affect-improving IER, the prosocial group scored higher than the general group, the aggressive group scored higher than the general group, and the prosocial group scored higher than the aggressive group. For the affect-worsening IER strategy, the comparison group scored higher than the prosocial group, the aggressive group scored higher than the general group, and the aggressive group scored higher than the prosocial group. The results of the difference test of each step of social information processing showed that the hostile attribution, aggressive target selection, aggressive response generation, and positive evaluation of aggressive response in the aggressive group were significantly higher than those in the prosocial group and the general group, and the aggressive response in the comparison group was significantly higher Positive ratings of generative and aggressive responses were significantly higher than in the prosocial group. The difference test results of sport moral disengagement showed that the scores of dehumanization, nonresponsibility, advantageous comparison, attribution of blame, conduct reconstrual, and distorting consequences of the aggressive group were significantly higher than those of the prosocial group and the general group. And the distorting consequences score of the general group was significantly higher than that of the prosocial group. Second, the structural equation model analysis results of each step of sport moral disengagement and social information processing of college athletes show that sport moral disengagement has significant effects on the interpretation of cues (hostile attribution), clarification of goals (aggressive goal selection), and response access or construction ( Aggressive response generation) had a positive (+) effect. The direct impact on response decision (positive evaluation of aggressive response) was insignificant. sport moral disengagement uses the interpretation of cues as an intermediate variable, which has indirect effects on clarification of goals and response access or construction. sport moral disengagement is mediated by the clarification of goals, and the response access or construction has an indirect effect. sport moral disengagement uses the interpretation of cues and clarification of goals as multiple media and has an indirect impact on response access or construction. sport moral disengagement is mediated by response access or construction, which indirectly affects response decision. sport moral disengagement uses the interpretation of cues, clarification of goals, and response access or construction as multiple mediators, which have indirect effects on response decision. Third, The structural equation model analysis results of college athletes' emotion regulation on each step of social information processing show that affect-improving ESR, receiving affect-improving IER and Affect-improving IER all have negative (-) effects on the clarification of goals. affect-improving ESR has a negative (-) effect on response access or construction. affect-worsening ESR, receiving affect-worsening IER, and affect-worsening IER all have a positive (+) effect on the clarification of goals, receiving affect-worsening IER and affect-worsening IER have a positive (+) effect on response access or construction. The interpretation of cues has a positive (+) effect on affect-worsening ESR, receiving affect-worsening IER, and affect-worsening IER. In terms of indirect effects, interpretation of cues is mediated by affect-worsening ESR, receiving affect-worsening IER, and affect-worsening IER, which indirectly affect the clarification of goals. The clarification of goals mediated the six emotion regulation strategies, and response access or construction had indirect effects. affect-improving ESR, receiving affect-worsening IER, and affect-worsening IER are mediated by response access or construction, which indirectly affect response decision. The six emotion regulation strategies use clarification of goals and response access or construction as multiple mediators, which indirectly affect response decisions. Fourth, the results of the structural equation model analysis of college athletes' self-emotion regulation, sport moral disengagement, social information processing, and sports prosocial and antisocial behavior show that affect-improving ESR has a negative (-) effect on social information processing and a positive (+) effect on prosocial behavior. affect-worsening ESR had a positive (+) effect on social information processing and sports antisocial Behavior. Social information processing has a negative (-) effect on sports prosocial behavior and a positive (+) effect on sports antisocial behavior. sport moral disengagement had a positive (+) effect on social information processing and sports antisocial Behavior. affect-improving ESR and affect-worsening ESR mediate social information processing and have indirect effects on sports prosocial behavior. affect-worsening ESR and sport moral disengagement mediated by social information processing have indirect effects on sports antisocial behavior. Fifth, the structural equation model analysis results of interpersonal emotion regulation, sport moral disengagement, social information processing, and sports prosocial and antisocial behavior of college athletes are shown. Model 1, receiving affect-worsening IER, has a positive (+) effect on social information processing and sports antisocial Behavior. The effect of receiving affect-worsening IER on sports antisocial behavior is not through social information processing. Model 2, receiving affect-improving IER, has a negative (-) effect on social information processing and a positive (+) effect on sports prosocial behavior. And receiving affect-improving IER uses social information processing as an intermediary, which indirectly affects sports prosocial behavior. sport moral disengagement uses social information processing as a medium to have indirect effects on sports antisocial Behavior. Model 3, affect-worsening IER, has a positive (+) effect on social information processing and sports antisocial behavior and a negative (-) effect on sports prosocial behavior. The effect of affect-worsening IER on sports prosocial and antisocial behavior is not through social information processing. The effect of sport moral disengagement on sports antisocial behavior is not through social information processing. Model 4, Affect-improving IER, has a negative (-) effect on social information processing and a positive (+) effect on sports prosocial behavior. The effect of Affect-improving IER on sports prosocial behavior is not through social information processing. Affect-improving IER and sport moral disengagement have indirect effects on sports antisocial behavior by mediating social information processing. Based on the above, it can be seen that in the sports environment, college athletes' social information processing process will be affected by emotional regulation and sport moral disengagement. When different types of emotion regulation strategies are incorporated into the model, they have different predictive and explanatory effects on the moral behavior of college athletes.

“Small Fish in a Big Pond”: A Case Study of College Adjustment Experiences of International Student-Athletes Who Identify as Women

Veselinovic , Milica ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

International student-athletes who identify as women (ISAWs) are attending U.S. colleges in ever increasing numbers. As internationals, these women experience language and cultural challenges (Reynolds & Constantine, 2007), and as student-athletes they need to adjust to various aspects of athletic participation (Papanikolaou et al., 2003). Because of their intersecting identities, international and athletic, ISAWs’ college adjustment journeys are unique and complex.  ISAWs must adjust to their immediate social structures, athletic teams, where they interact with coaches and teammates. Also, athletic departments assign academic coordinators to student-athletes to support them throughout their academic journeys. All these athletic relationships influence whether ISAWs’ positively or negatively adjust in college. They can more easily adjust to college through satisfying interactions within their athletic environment (Ridinger & Pastore, 2000; Rodriguez, 2014). However, a knowledge gap exists about exactly how athletic relationships shape and influence ISAWs’ college journeys. The purpose of this study was to describe the college adjustment experiences of three ISAWs. To develop an in-depth understanding of their college adjustment in the U.S., the research included a total of 12 participants from a Division I Institution in the Midwest. Three coaches, three ISAWs, three athletic academic coordinators, and three domestic student-athletes who identify as women (DSAWs) shared their perceptions of ISAWs’ academic, emotional, athletic, and social adjustment in college. Additionally, the research included a qualitative analysis of two websites that provided information to international students and student-athletes at the research institution.Overall, ISAWs had to overcome language challenges and discover how to efficiently navigate a novel academic system. They experienced homesickness and had to develop better time management skills. ISAWs had to adjust to higher performance expectations and different athletic resources. They mostly socialized within their athletic structures and did not form meaningful relationships outside their athletic circles. Finally, the relationships they established, and their student-athlete identity, increased their institutional sense of belonging and college persistence. Altogether, these findings revealed various practical and research implications. The main implications offer a direction for future theory, research, and practice. They also inform athletic administrators and college coaches about ISAWs' college adjustment and how to better support this group during this process. .

대학 배드민턴 학생 선수가 지각된 코치 행동에 따른 지도자 신뢰 및 자기조절동기와 운동지속의 구조관계

장현 우석대학교 일반대학원 2024 국내박사

The purpose of this study was to identify the structural relationships among perceived coach behaviors, coach trust, self-regulation motivation, and sport continuous execution of badminton players in Hebei Province university, to validate the relationships among the variables, to construct a good coach-athlete relationship, and to provide basic information for the improvement of athletes' sport continuous execution. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire survey with 606 college badminton athletes from Hebei Province, China, to analyze the structural model between coach behaviour, coach trust, self-regulation motivation, and sport continuous execution. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 23.0. Validating factor analysis and structural equation model were conducted using AMOS 23.0. The results of the analysis led to the following conclusions. First, it was verified that the perceived coach behaviors of college athletes in Hebei province positively affected coach trust. That is, the more the perceived coach behaviors of college athletes match their own personality traits, the higher their trust in their coaches. Second, it was verified that the perceived coach behaviors of college athletes in Hebei province positively affected the sports continuous execution. That is, the more the perceived coach behaviors of college athletes match their own personality traits, the higher the sports continuous execution. Third, it was verified that the perceived coach behaviors of college athletes in Hebei Province positively affected the self-regulation motivation. That is, the more the perceived coach behaviors of college athletes match their own personality traits, the higher the self-regulation motivation. Fourth, it was verified that Hebei Province college athletes' trust in their coaches positively influenced sport continuous execution. That is, the more college athletes trusted their coaches, the higher the sport continuous execution. Fifth, it was verified that the self-regulated motivation of college athletes in Hebei Province positively influenced sports continuous execution. That is, the higher the self-regulation motivation of college athletes, the higher the sports continuous execution. Sixth, it was verified that coach behavior perceived by Hebei Province college athletes, were not only a direct influence on the continuous execution of the sport, but also that coach trust was an important variable between coach behavior and the continuous execution of the sport, which was verified to have a mediating role. Seventh, it was verified that self-regulation motivation is an important variant with a mediating effect between coach behavior and sports continuous execution. Eighth, it was verified that there was a structural relationship between perceived coach behavior, instructor trust, self-regulation motivation, and sports continuous execution among college athletes in Hebei Province. Coach trust and self-regulation motivation played multiple mediating effects between coach behavior and sport continuous execution. When both coach trust and self-regulation motivation were high, the relationship between coach behavior and sport continuous execution was positive. 本研究旨在查明河北省大学羽毛球运动员感知到的教练行为、教练员 信任、自我调节动机、运动持续行为之间的结构关系,验证变量之间的关 系,构建良好的教练-选手关系,为提高选手的运动持续执行提供基础资 料。 为此,对中国河北省606名大学生羽毛球运动员进行了问卷调查,分 析了教练行为、教练员信赖、自我调节动机和运动持续进行之间的结构模 型。采用SPSS23.0进行频率分析信度分析、探索性因子分析、相关性分析 和回归分析,采用AMOS23.0进行确证因子分析和结构方程模型分析。分 析结果如下。 第一,河北省大学生感知到的教练行为对教练员信任产生了积极影 响。也就是说,大学生感知到的教练行为自由性越高,对教练的信任就越 高。 第二,河北省大学生感知到的教练行为对自我调节动机产生了积极影 响。也就是说,大学生感知到的教练行为自由性越高,自我调节的动机就 越高。 第三,河北省大学生感知到的教练行为对运动持续执行起到了积极作 用。也就是说,大学生感知到的教练行为自由性越高,运动持续执行就越 高。 第四,河北省大学生的教练员信任对运动持续执行产生了积极影响。 也就是说,大学生越信任自己的教练,运动持续执行就越高。 第五,中国大学生的自我调节动机对运动持续执行产生了积极影响。 也就是说,大学生自我调节的动机越高,运动持续执行就越高。 第六,河北省大学生感知到的教练行为不仅是直接影响运动持续进行 的因素,而且指导信任是教练行为与运动持续进行之间的重要变因,被验 证具有媒介作用。 第七,自我调节动机被验证为教练行动和运动持续执行之间重要的变 因,具有媒介效果。 第八,河北大学生感知到的教练行为、教练信任、自我调节动机与运 动持续执行之间存在结构关系。教练信任和自我调节动机在教练行为和运 动持续执行之间起到多重媒介效果。教练的信任和自我调节的动机都很高 的时候,教练的行动和运动持续执行的关系可以说是积极的。 대학 배드민턴 학생 선수가 지각된 코치 행동에 따른 지도자 신뢰 및 자기조절동기와 운동지속의 구조관계 우석대학교 일반대학원 체육학전공 장 현 지도교수 서연희 본 연구는 하북성 대학 배드민턴 선수들이 지각된 코치 행동, 지도 자 신뢰, 자기조정동기, 운동지속 간의 구조 관계를 규명하는 데 목적 이다. 변수 간의 관계를 검증하여 양호한 코치-선수 관계를 구축하여 선수의 운동지속을 높이기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 중국 하북성 대학생 배드민턴 선수 606명을 대상으로 설 문조사를 실시하여 코치 행동, 지도자 신뢰, 자기조절동기 및 운동지 속 사이의 구조 모형을 분석했다. SPSS 23.0을 사용하여 빈도 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 상관 분석 및 회귀 분석을 수행했으며 확인적 요인분석 및 구조방정식 모형 분석은 AMOS 23.0을 사용하여 수행되었다. 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하북성 대학생들은 지각된 코치 행동이 지도자 신뢰에 긍정적 인 영향을 미쳤음이 검증되었다. 즉, 대학생이 지각된 코치 행동은 자 유성이 높을수록 지도자 신뢰가 높다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 하북성 대학생들이 지각된 코치 행동이 자기조절동기에 긍정 적인 영향을 미쳤음이 검증되었다. 즉, 대학생들이 지각된 코치 행동 은 자유성이 높을수록 자기조절동기가 높다는 것이다. 셋째, 하북성 대학생들이 지각된 코치 행동이 운동지속에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음이 검증되었다. 즉, 대학생들이 지각된 코치 행동은 자 유성이 높을수록 운동지속이 높다는 것이다. 넷째, 하북성 대학생들의 지도자 신뢰가 운동지속에 긍정적인 영향 을 미쳤음이 검증되었다. 즉, 대학생들이 자기의 코치를 신뢰할 수록 운동지속이 높아진다는 것이다. 다섯째, 중국 대학생들의 자기조절동기가 운동지속에 긍정적인 영 향을 미쳤음이 검증되었다. 즉, 대학생들의 자기조절동기가 높을수록 운동지속이 높아진다는 것이다. 여섯째, 하북성 대학생들이 지각된 코치 행동은 운동지속에 직접적 인 영향을 미치는 요인일 뿐만 아니라 지도가 신뢰가 코치 행동과 운동지속 사이에 중요한 변인(變因)으로서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 검 증되었다. 일곱째, 자기조절동기는 코치 행동과 운동지속 사이에 중요한 변인 (變因)으로서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 검증되었다. 여덟째, 하북성 대학생들이 지각된 코치 행동, 지도자 신뢰, 자기조 절동기와 운동지속 간에 구조 관계가 있다. 지도자 신뢰와 자기조절 동기는 코치 행동과 운동지속 간에서 다중매개효과를 작용한다. 지도자 신뢰와 자기조절동기가 모두 높을 때 코치 행동과 운동지속의 관계가 긍정적이라 할 수 있다. 주요어: 대학생 선수, 코치 행동, 지도자 신뢰, 자기조절동기, 운동지속

대학 운동선수들의 진로불안이 운동몰입 및 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향

강현정 연세대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

대학운동선수는 대학에 진학 후 운동만 경험하는 환경 속에서 운동선수라는 역 할에만 집중하게 되어 현실적으로 진로에 대하여 많은 고민을 하지 못해 진로에 대한 정체성이 아직 확립되지 못하였으며 이로 인해 많은 선수가 진로불안을 겪 고 있다. 진로불안은 단순하게 졸업 후의 문제가 아닌 운동선수의 심적 불안으로 운동몰입에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 운동몰입의 문제는 더 나아가 운동선수가 운동 을 지속하려는 의도에 영향을 미칠 수 있기에 본 연구에서는 기존 선행연구에서 다루었던 경쟁불안 측면이 아닌 운동선수가 느끼는 진로불안이 대학운동선수의 운동몰입과 더 나아가 운동지속의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 다루어 볼 필요 가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 운동선수의 개인적 특성에 따른 진로 불안과 운동몰입 및 운동지속의도에 대한 차이 검증을 통해 개인적 특성에 따라 진로불안, 운동몰입, 운동지속의도를 어떻게 받아들이는지 확인하고자 한다. 둘째, 대학 운동선수의 진로불안이 운동몰입과 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 규 명하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 가설은 첫째, 대학운동선수의 개인적 특성에 따라 진로불안, 운동몰입, 운동지속의도에는 차이가 있을 것이다. 둘째, 진로불안은 운동몰입에 유 의한 영향을 미칠 것이다. 셋째, 진로불안은 운동몰입에 유의한 영향을 미칠 것이 다. 넷째, 운동몰입은 운동지속의도에 유의한 영향을 미칠 것이다.이다 전국의 대학운동선수를 모집단으로 선정하여 편의표본추출방법을 통해 총 258 부의 표본을 수집하였으며, 이 중 불성실한 응답으로 판단된 5부를 제외한 후 총 253부를 자료 분석에 활용하였다. 이를 토대로 SPSS와 AMOS를 활용하여 확인적 요인분석, 빈도분석, 독립표본 t-검증, 일원분산분석, 상관관계분석(correlation analysis), 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 해당 연구방법을 통해 가설을 검증한 결과 첫째, 대학 운동선수의 개인적 특성에 따라 진로불안, 운동몰입, 운동지속의도를 분석한 결과 운동 종목에서만 유의한 차 이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로불안은 운동몰입 하위요인에 부분적으로 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로불안은 운동지속의도 하위요인 에 부분적으로 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 운동몰입은 운동지속 의도 하위요인에 부분적으로 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. After entering college, college athletes focus on the role of an athlete in an environment where they experience only athletics, so they have not yet established a career identity because they have not thought much about their actual career, and many athletes suffer from career anxiety. career anxiety is not just a problem after graduation, but a psychological anxiety of athletes that can affect athletic sports flow. As the problem of athletic sports flow can affect athletes' intention to continue playing sports, it is necessary to address how athletes' career anxiety affects their athletic sports flow and their exercise persistence intention, rather than the competition anxiety aspect that has been addressed in previous studies. The purpose of this study is to: First, to examine the differences in career anxiety, sports flow, and exercise persistence intentions among college athletes based on their personal characteristics. Second, this study aims to investigate the effects of career anxiety on sports flow and exercise persistence intention athletics in college athletes. The hypotheses of this study are: First, there will be differences in career anxiety, sport flow, and sport continuance intention based on the personal characteristics of college athletes. Second, career anxiety will have a significant effect on sports flow. Third, career anxiety will have a significant effect on exercise persistence intention. Fourth, sports flow will have a significant effect on exercise persistence intention. A total of 258 questionnaires were collected from college athletes across the country through the convenience sampling method, and after excluding five questionnaires that were deemed to be insincere, a total of 253 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Based on this, confirmatory factor analysis, frequency analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25 and AMOS 22. The hypotheses were tested and the results showed that, first, career anxiety, sports flow, and exercise persistence intention athletics were analyzed according to the personal characteristics of college athletes and showed significant differences only in sports. Second, career anxiety had a partial negative effect on the sports flow subfactor. Third, career anxiety has a partial negative effect on the exercise persistence intention subfactor. Fourth, sports flowt has a partial positive effect on the exercise persistence intention subfactor.

Football Student Athletes' Engagement in Career Readiness Activities

Forrest, Allison University of Florida ProQuest Dissertations & The 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Student-athletes have many commitments during their college experience. Their role as student-athletes impacts their career readiness. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) promotes the fact that most student-athletes will not become professional athletes. However, they do little to help prepare student-athletes for life after athletics. This responsibility falls on each institution and they must provide specific programming and resources to student-athletes. With so much time dedicated to their sport, programming needs to positively impact student-athletes' career readiness. Having student-athletes leave college feeling career-ready allows them to be more successful: the goal for many college students, athletic departments, and institutions.My study was conducted at the University of Florida which offers career readiness activities for all current student-athletes. Overall, student-athletes are engaged with career readiness activities. However, some sports have lower engagement than others: men's revenue-generating sports. These sports are football and men's basketball. My study examined how student-athletes in men's revenue-generating sports engage with career readiness activities provided by the athletic department.The purpose of my study was to explore men's revenue-generating sports student-athletes in career readiness activities offered by their athletic department. This practitioner action research study included initial interviews, observation of co-researchers at a career readiness activity, and individual interviews after observations with seven co-researchers. Data collected will give athletic department professionals an idea, of this populations' engagement with career readiness activities.Three main themes emerged from data. The first theme was perceived barriers for co-researchers and teammates for not attending career readiness activities. This includes time constraints and communication. The second theme was co-researchers were active at career readiness activities. This includes co-researchers asking questions and engaging in conversation during career activities. The third theme was the human connection of career readiness activities. This includes building connections with people at career activities in addition to learning career content.My study provides implications for me and for career programming in the University of Florida athletic department. It also provides implications for career professionals, athletic administrators, and men's revenue-generating sports coaches pertaining to funding, staffing, resources, and programming for career readiness activities for men's revenue-generating sports student-athletes.

변증법적행동치료(DBT) 집단기술훈련이 대학 운동선수의 정서조절과 대인관계 유능성에 미치는 효과

김소율 조선대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

본 연구는 대학 운동선수를 대상으로 변증법적 행동치료 집단기술훈련을 적용하여 정서조절과 대인관계 유능성의 효과를 연구하였다. 자료 분석은 변증법적 행동치료가 대학 운동선수의 정서조절과 대인관계 역량에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 SPSS 27을 이용하여 수행되었다. 모집된 18명의 연구 대상자들은 9명에게 무선으로 배정되었다. DBT 프로그램은 실험집단을 대상으로 10회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 다음은 결과를 요약한 것이다. 첫째, 변증법적 행동집단 기술훈련은 대학 운동선수들의 정서조절 향상에 효과적이었다. 둘째, 변증법적 행동집단 기술훈련은 대학 운동선수들의 대인관계 유능성 향상에 효과적이었다. 또한 질적연구 방법 중 합의적 질적 연구(CQR)로 개념을 도출하였고, 과정을 분석하였다. 연구결과로 7개의 영역과 19개의 핵심 개념이 도출하였고, 프로그램 전-중-후로 변화 과정을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 대학 운동선수의 정서조절과 대인관계 유능성에 DBT라는 새로운 접근을 대상에 맞추어 개입한 것에 의의가 있으며 후속적으로 다양한 개입 전략을 고려할 수 있다. This study studied the effect of emotional control and interpersonal competence by applying dialectical behavioral therapy group skill training to university athletes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27 to verify the effect of dialectical behavioral therapy on emotional control and interpersonal competence of college athletes. Eighteen recruited study subjects were wirelessly assigned to nine. The DBT program was conducted in 10 sessions for the experimental group. The following is a summary of the results. First, dialectical behavioral group technical training was effective in improving the emotional control of college athletes. Second, dialectical behavioral group technical training was effective in improving the interpersonal relationship of college athletes. In addition, the concept was derived as a consensus qualitative study (CQR) among qualitative research methods, and the process was analyzed. As a result of the study, 7 areas and 19 core concepts were derived, and the process of change before, during, and after the program was derived. This study is meaningful in that it intervened in the emotional control and interpersonal competence of college athletes according to a new approach called DBT, and various intervention strategies can be subsequently considered.

중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리, 스포츠 자신감 및 삶의 질 간의 구조적 관계

후립 우석대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to confirm the differences in achievement goal tendency, self-management, sports self-confidence and life quality among Chinese college football players according to the general characteristics of demography, finding out the structural relationship from various factors, confirming the impact of achievement goal tendency on life quality, and verifying the media effect of self-management and sports self-confidence in the relationship between the two variables. In this study, the football players from Shandong Institute of physical education, Beijing Sport University, Shanghai Institute of physical education and Guangzhou Institute of physical education were taken as the research objects. According to the convenience sampling method of non probability sampling, the questionnaire star was used to send online questionnaires to 600 people, and 545 questionnaires were collected. 60 questionnaires were considered missed questions or judged to be dishonest, a total of 485 valid questionnaires were used for result analysis. Data processing structural equation model analysis was carried out by SPSS 26.0 and Amos 21.0. In order to realize the hypothesis verification of the research model for the purpose of this study, nine optimal path hypotheses are set, such as the difference of general characteristics, achievement goal tendency and self-management, achievement goal tendency and sports self-confidence, achievement goal tendency and life quality, self-management and sports self-confidence, self-management and life quality, sports self-confidence and life quality, self-management and media effect of sports self-confidence. The validation results of the research model. In the correlation analysis and confirmation factor analysis results, the result values of all factors show satisfactory suitability. The detailed hypothesis validation results are as follows. 1.This paper analyzes the differences on achievement goal tendency, self management, sports self-confidence and life quality, and there are differences in gender, grade and sports grade according to the general characteristics of Chinese college football players. 2. The achievement goal tendency of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on self-management. The higher the achievement goal is, the higher the level of self-management will be. 3. The achievement goal tendency of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on Sports confidence. The higher the achievement goal tendency is, the higher the level of sports confidence will be. 4. The achievement goal tendency of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on the life quality. The higher the achievement goal tendency is, the higher the life quality will be. 5. The self-management of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on Sports self-confidence. The higher the level of self-management is,the higher the level of sports self-confidence will be. 6. The self-management of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on the life quality. The higher the self-management is, the higher the life quality will be. 7. The sports self-confidence of Chinese college football players has a positive and significant impact on the life quality. The higher the sports self-confidence is , the higher the life quality will be. 8. The influence of Chinese college football players' achievement goal tendency on the life quality has media effect of self-management. 9. The influence of Chinese college football players' achievement goal tendency on the life quality has media effect of sports self-confidence. As mentioned above, the achievement goal tendency, self-management and sports self-confidence of Chinese college football players go hand in hand, which has a causal relationship with the life quality and has a positive impact on the life quality. Therefore, in certain coach and his or her teams, if we can improve athletes' achievement goal tendency, self-management level and sports self-confidence, as athletes, we can improve the happiness of life in getting along with coaches and teammates, and we can highly evaluate our own life quality. The improvement of life quality is not only as athletes themselves, but also an important factor for the growth of college students in our era. 본 연구의 목적은 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리, 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질 간의 차이를 확인하고 각 요인 간의 구조적 관계를 밝히며 성취목표성향이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 두 변수의 관계에서 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감의 매개체 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구는 산둥체육대학교, 베이징체육대학교, 상하이체육대학교, 광저우체육대학교 등 4개 중국 대학교의 축구 전공 대학생 선수를 대상으로 하고 2021년 6월에 연구설계를 진행하였고, 2022년 2~3월에 비확률 표본추출법(non-probability sampling)에 따른 편의표본추출법 (convenience sampling method)을 채택하고 중국 리서치 전문 업체인 원쬔씽(問卷星)을 통하여 총 600명에게 온라인 설문지를 배포해 545건 수거하였다. 문항이 누락 되거나 불성실하다고 판단된 60건을 제외한 총 485건의 유효 질문지가 결과 분석에 활용되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 26.0과 AMOS 21.0을 이용해 구조방정식 모델 분석을 진행하였다. 본 연구목적을 실현하기 위한 연구모델의 가설 검증을 위해 일반적인 특성의 차이, 성취목표성향과 자기 관리, 성취목표성향과 스포츠 자신감, 성취목표성향과 삶의 질, 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감, 자기 관리와 삶의 질, 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질, 자기 관리와 운동 자신감의 매개 효과 등 9개의 최우선 경로 가설을 설정했다. 연구모델의 검증결과는 관련 관계 분석과 확인요인 분석결과에서 모든 요인의 결과 값이 만족스러운 적합도를 나타냈고 상세한 가설 검증결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 일반적인 특성에 따라 성취목표성향, 자기 관리, 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질에 대해 차이를 분석한 결과 성별, 학년, 운동등급에 차이가 존재한다. 2. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향은 자기 관리에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 성취목표성향이 높을수록 자기 관리의 수준이 높아진다. 3. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향은 스포츠 자신감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 성취목표성향이 높을수록 스포츠 자신감의 수준이 높아진다. 4. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향과 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 성취목표성향이 높을수록 삶의 질의 수준이 높아진다. 5. 중국 대학생 축구선수들의 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자기 관리가 높을수록 스포츠 자신감의 수준이 높아진다. 6. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 자기 관리와 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자기 관리가 높을수록 삶의 질의 수준이 높아진다. 7. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 스포츠 자신감과 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 자기 관리가 높을수록 삶의 질의 수준이 높아진다. 8. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향은 자기 관리의 매개체 효과가 존재한다. 9. 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향은 스포츠 자신감의 매개체 효과가 존재한다. 이처럼 중국 대학생 축구선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리와 스포츠 자신감을 병행하는 것은 삶의 질과 인과관계가 있어 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 감독과 소속팀에서 선수의 성취목표성향, 자기 관리수준, 스포츠 자신감을 높일 수 있다면 선수로서 팀과 감독, 동료들과 어울려 삶의 행복감을 높일 수 있고, 자신 삶의 질을 높이 평가할 수 있으며, 삶의 질 향상은 선수 자신뿐만 아니라 우리 시대에 맞는 대학생의 성장에 중요한 요인이다.

대학교 학생선수 핵심능력 분석

임영신 고려대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to analyze key competencies(leadership, communication skills, problem-solving skills, self-directed learning skills) of college student-athletes so that it can help student-athletes to succeed not only as athletes but also in various area and field. Recently, the realistic competencies have been emphasized in order to succeed in this modern life that changes complicatedly and fast. So some sports programs that help to improve those abilities are being developed. At the same time, studies about improving athletes' realistic competencies in a life based on the abilities in sports and the related background have been reported. To achieve the purpose of this study, we need to clarify the following two needs. - the need to fulfill the requested abilities in this society; the need for a study that student-athletes who have been focusing on training, need to develop realistic competencies in various fields and area. So, we made three assumptions as follows. First, there will be differences in the key competences of student-athletes as per gender. Second, there will be differences in the key competences of athletes as per characteristics of kind of sports. Third, there will be differences in the key competences of student-athletes as per the first age when start to be an athlete. The following results are came from the questionaries answered by 322 college student-athletes. With the results of the questionaries, we conducted MANOVA analysis, and this was analyzed by SPSS 18 program. As a result of the analysis, we found out the differences in leadership, communication skills), and self directed-learning abilities except for problem-solving skills according to gender. It showed the differences in all the sub-skills such as leadership, communication skills, problem-solving skills, and self directed-learning abilities according to characteristics of kind of sports. There were no differences statically according to the first age when start to be an athlete. So far, the discussion about right for learning has been remaining to seek ‘minimum academic ability.’ However, I have been aware that the ‘minimum academic ability’ doesn't guarantee the life quality of student-athletes. So I tried to provide the basic references that can help student-athletes to improve realistic competences. As a result of this study, I could find out not only the differences of key competences according to personal characteristic of college student-athletes, but also common characteristics of them. In-depth studies are necessary that analyze those characteristics and clarify what kind of competences need that student-athletes acknowledge and be asked for as well. but these studies should be done in terms of student-athletes. According to the personal different competences, study about a program will be needed which is also necessary that can help to improve the low abilities and transfer the high abilities to the low at the same time.

코로나 팬데믹으로 인한 대학운동선수들의 운동스트레스가 회복탄력성 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향

이은영 위덕대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of athletic stress on the resilience and mental health of college athletes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the sample of this study, company G's online questionnaire was used in consideration of the corona (COVID19) situation. The survey was conducted non-face-to-face, and a total of 309 copies were used for actual analysis. To identify the purpose of this study, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, and statistical analysis methods of correlation were used, and the following conclusions were drawn. First, it was found that exercise stress was partially significant for resilience in college athletes. Specifically, it had a significant effect on optimism, tenacity, and support. Second, resilience was found to be partially significant for mental health. Specifically, it had a significant effect on depressive anxiety, attention, somatization.Keyword : covid19, college athletes, athletic stress, corona stress, resilience, mental health 본 연구는 코로나(COVID19) 팬데믹으로 인한 대학운동선수들의 운동스트레스가 회복탄력성 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구대상의 표본추출은 코로나(COVID19) 팬데믹 상황을 고려하여 G사의 온라인설문지를 활용하였다. 설문조사는 비대면으로 실시하였으며 총 309부를 채택하여 실제 분석에 이용하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 규명하기 위해 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 다중회귀분석 및 상관관계의 통계분석 방법을 이용하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 대학운동선수들에게 운동스트레스는 회복탄력성에 부분적으로 유의하다고 나타났다. 구체적으로 낙관성, 강인성, 지지력에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 회복탄력성은 정신건강에 부분적으로 유의하다고 나타났다. 구체적으로 우울불안, 주의력, 신체화에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다.핵심되는 말 : 코로나19, 대학운동선수, 운동스트레스, 코로나스트레스, 회복탄력성, 정신건강 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 대학운동선수들은 앞으로 우수한 선수로 성장시키기 위해 스트레스 관리와 더불어 회복탄력성 관리 프로그램이 필요할 것이다.