중국 대학에서의 민족무용 전승과 발전 방안 연구 : 산동앙가(山東秧歌)를 중심으로

텐휘 전북대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

Chinese ethnic dance is a bright pearl in the treasure house of human culture, and the product of the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization to a certain stage. It is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the people and an extremely important part of the intangible cultural heritage. Since China's reform and opening up, the importance of building spiritual civilisation has increased with the progress of society and the upgrading of the economy. As a result, Chinese ethnic dance is commonly offered in institutions of higher learning. Although it is a new discipline with a history of only several decades, it is gaining momentum. Chinese ethnic dance has been effectively developed and innovated while being more protected and inherited, and at the same time it has made many gratifying achievements. However, through investigation and analysis of the existing literature, it can be seen that the teaching of ethnic dance in Chinese universities generally emphasizes more on professional skills rather than professional theory, and emphasizes more on technical quality rather than humanistic quality. As a result, urgent problems have been raised in terms of teacher training: compilation of teaching materials, innovation of works, and student employment. Taking Shandong Anga as an example, this paper tries to analyse the status quo of ethnic dance teaching in Chinese colleges and universities and its causes, as well as the inheritance and development of Chinese ethnic dance in colleges and universities using various angles and methods. And think about the problems and then put forward improvement measures. That is, the teaching of ethnic dance in Chinese colleges and universities should pay attention to the use of cultural connotations behind the dynamic image of ethnic dance; digging deep into the ethnic dance materials to lay a solid foundation for the teaching of ethnic dance in colleges and universities; enriching the ethnic dance teaching materials to provide a guarantee for the scientific and systematic teaching of ethnic dance; strengthening and perfecting the teaching methods to improve the quality of the teaching of ethnic dance; and creating the ethnic dance works of the colleges and universities that can serve the society, and so on. With the above measures,it helps to explore and improve the path of teaching ethnic dance in Chinese colleges and universities, and improve the teaching level and quality of teaching. As well as protect the dynamic image and cultural status quo of Chinese ethnic dance. So universities can cultivate dance art talents with comprehensive cultural literacy to meet the needs of society, so that Chinese ethnic dance can be better inherited and developed.

The Impact of Host Phenology on Parasite Transmission and Evolution

MacDonald, Hannelore ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Penn 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Parasite fitness is tightly controlled by host ecology. The timing of seasonal host activities, or host phenology, likely impacts parasite fitness by determining transmission between infected and uninfected hosts. Changes in host phenology are also expected to drive parasite adaptation in many disease systems, yet the quantitative and qualitative impact of phenology remains under-explored. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to develop theory on how host phenology impacts both parasite transmission and parasite evolution. A novel modelling framework was developed to study how tick life-stage phenology impacts the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Lyme disease system. This study reveals that slightly asynchronous tick developmental-stage phenology results in high B. burgdorferi fitness compared to synchronous tick activity. Surprisingly, B. burgdorferi is eradicated as asynchrony increases further due to a feedback from mouse population dynamics. A model extension reveals that intermediate parasite virulence is adaptive in the absence of the classic virulence-transmission trade-off for obligate-killer, monocyclic parasites that complete one generation per season. These results suggest that host phenology could drive virulence evolution in some natural systems. A second model extension demonstrates that host phenology can drive multi-season epidemic cycles due to a feedback between host demography and parasite fitness. Short seasons and synchronous host emergence support parasite densities high enough to drive cycling dynamics as parasites adapt. Further, cycling dynamics generate an evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation by preventing adaptive parasite mutants from invading when host densities have been driven down by high parasite densities. A final model extension reveals that host phenology creates multiple evolutionary stable strategies separated by evolutionary repellors for obligate-killer parasites with no constraints on the number of generations they complete per season. Certain environments support both monocyclic and polycyclic parasites, providing clues on the evolutionary origins of both strategies in nature. Overall, this dissertation contributes theory on the impact of host seasonality for parasite fitness and adaptation, providing a framework to study how species respond to seasonal change and predict how disease systems could respond to the impending climate crisis.

Bridging the Gap between Chronic Pain and Mental Health in Childhood: A Genetically-Informed Study Examining the Etiology Underlying Co-occurring Symptomologies and Mechanisms of Intergenerational Transmission

Oro, Veronica ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Pediatric chronic pain is pervasive and associated with myriad adverse consequences, yet due consideration has not been given to the mental health disturbances that often present alongside chronic pain and the etiological mechanisms that potentially underlie both. The current study examined the etiology underlying chronic pain and internalizing symptomology in middle childhood, considering both independent and co-occurring symptom presentations. Phenotypic parent-offspring associations across chronic pain and internalizing symptomology were also examined. Lastly, nuclear twin family models were tested to determine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors underlie parent-offspring transmission. The sample comprised 795 children (399 families; Mage= 9.7 years; SD = 0.92) and their parents drawn from the Arizona Twin Project. Results indicated that chronic pain was highly heritable (78%), whereas internalizing symptomology was modestly heritable (32%) and further subject to moderate shared environmental influence (50%). Moreover, 9% of the variance in chronic pain was explained by additive genetic factors shared with internalizing symptomology. Maternal chronic pain and internalizing symptomology were positively associated with both child chronic pain and internalizing symptomology. The association between maternal chronic pain and child chronic pain was more pronounced for girls than boys, whereas the association between maternal internalizing symptomology and child internalizing symptomology was more pronounced for boys than girls. Paternal chronic pain was not significantly associated with child chronic pain but was unexpectedly associated with lower child internalizing symptomology. The negative association between paternal chronic pain and child internalizing symptomology was more pronounced for boys than girls. Paternal internalizing symptomology was not significantly associated with child chronic pain but was positively associated with child internalizing symptomology. Lastly, the best fitting reduced nuclear twin family models for both chronic pain and internalizing symptomology retained additive genetic, sibling-specific shared environmental, and nonshared environmental parameters, where parent-offspring transmission was solely explained by shared genetics and sibling-specific shared environmental factors further accounted for co-twin resemblance. Results provide novel insight into common liabilities underlying chronic pain and internalizing symptomology in middle childhood, parent-offspring associations across chronic pain and internalizing symptomology, and the etiological mechanisms that explain symptom aggregation across generations.

Clinical studies on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: Diagnosis, Transmission and Vaccine development

강기종 충남대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

Clinical studies on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: Diagnosis, Transmission and Vaccine development Ki-Jong Kang Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School Chungnam National University Daejeon, Korea (Supervised by Professor Hyun-Jin Shin) * A dissertation submitted to the committee of Graduate School, Chungnam National University in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Veterinary Medicine conferred in February 2024. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant economic losses to pig farms. The known route of transmission is fecal to oral infection, clinical symptoms mainly occurring in suckling piglets that ingest contaminated feces. Direct transmission is possible from infected pigs to susceptible pigs, and indirect transmission through humans and vehicles that contaminated with feces is also possible. There are various types of commercial vaccines to stimulate the immune system of pigs, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines, and genetically recombinant vaccines. Research to increase vaccine efficacy is ongoing. Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), ELISA, and virus isolation are common diagnostic methods and are used for differential diagnosis from other diseases with similar clinical symptoms. In this study, the possibility of vertical transmission of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) was confirmed. Until now, only horizontal transmission, that is, direct transmission through contaminated pigs or feces, was considered a possible transmission factor, but the possibility of vertical transmission has been raised. We confirmed PEDV positive in the testicular tissue of newborn piglets through Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and through immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, we confirmed PEDV positive in the umbilical cord of newborn piglets. Viruses were isolated from RT-PCR, and these samples showed a clear cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cells. In another study, 62 sow sera were evaluated using serum neutralizing test, EILSA, and pELISA methods. Higher neutralizing activity was confirmed in the serum of sows showing high IgG titer, and the S3 region was confirmed to play a very important role in neutralizing activity. This means that the carboxy-terminal region of Spike protein induces stronger neutralizing activity than other regions. It is not known how the S3 region induces neutralizing ability, but it can be evaluated as a strong neutralizing epitope to increase vaccine efficacy. In addition, the efficacy of PED-CUP-B2014, a PEDV strain newly isolated from a pig farm in Korea, was evaluated. CV777, SM98, and DR13 were used as vaccine strain, but more than 20 years have passed, and PED outbreaks have been reported continuously despite multiple vaccinations. Development of new vaccines is very important research to reduce economic losses to swine industry. Humoral immunity was confirmed in the of serum and colostrum of sows immunized with inactivated PED-CUP-B2014 and passive immunity was confirmed in the piglets’ challenge test. The possibility of a new transmission route for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) was confirmed. With a strong neutralizing epitope region and a newly isolated strain, we can expect to provide more effective control method of PEDV. It’s recommended to consult current scientific literature or reach out to veterinary experts and authorities. 국문초록 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)에 대한 임상학적 고찰 : 진단, 전파 그리고 백신 개발 강기종 충남대학교 대학원 수의과대학 예방수의학 전공 (지도교수 신 현 진) Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)는 강력한 전염성을 가진 바이러스로서 양돈 농가에 많은 경제적 손실을 야기한다. 알려진 전파 경로는 경구 감염으로 오염된 분변을 섭취한 포유 자돈에서 주로 임상 증상을 나타낸다. 감염된 돼지에서 감수성이 있는 돼지로 직접적인 전파가 가능하고 분변으로 오염된 차량이라 사람을 통한 간접적인 전파도 가능하다. 돼지의 면역체계를 자극하기 위한 불활화 백신, 약독화 백신, 유전자 재조합 백신 등 다양한 형태의 상용 백신이 존재한다. 백신의 효능을 높이기 위한 연구는 계속 진행중이다. RT-PCR, ELISA, Virus isolation 등이 보편적인 진단 방법으로 비슷한 임상 증상을 가진 다른 질병과의 감별진단에 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)의 수직 전파 가능성을 확인하였다. 지금까지는 오염된 돼지나 분변을 통한 직접 전파 즉, 수평 전파만이 가능한 전파 요인으로 여겨졌으나 수직 전파의 가능성을 제기한 것이다. 신생 자돈의 고환 조직에서 RT-PCR을 통하여 PEDV양성을 확인하였고, immunohistochemistry(IHC)를 통해PEDV양성을 확인하였다. 또한 신생 자돈의 탯줄에서도 PEDV 양성을 확인하였으며 이는 G1a strain 과 강한 상동성을 띄는 것으로 확인되었다. RT-PCR양성 샘플에서 바이러스 분리를 진행하였으며 vero cell에서 명확한 cytopathic effect(CPE)를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 다른 연구에서는 serum neutralizing test, EILSA, pELISA 방법을 통한 62개의 모돈 혈청에 대한 평가를 진행하였다. 높은 IgG titer를 보이는 모돈의 혈청에서 더 높은 중화능이 확인되었고, 특히 S3 region이 중화능에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 확인하였다. 이는 Spike protein의 carboxy-terminal region이 다른 부위보다 강한 중화능을 유도하는 것을 의미한다. S3 region이 어떠한 방법을 통하여 중화능을 유도하는지 밝혀지지 않았으나, 백신의 효능을 높이기 위한 강력한 neutralizing epitope로 평가될 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 한국의 돼지 농장에서 새롭게 분리한 PEDV strain인 PED-CUP-B2014의 효능을 평가하였다. 기존의 CV777, SM98, DR13등이 백신주로 활용되었으나 이는 20여년이 지났고, 여러 차례 백신을 접종함에도 불구하고 지속적인 PED 발병이 보고되는 바 새로운 백신주의 개발은 양돈 산업의 경제적 피해 감소를 위해 매우 중요한 연구이다. Inactivated PED-CUP-B2014로 immunization한 모돈의 혈청과 초유의 체액성 면역과 자돈의 수동 면역에 있어서 방어능이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)의 새로운 전파 경로의 가능성이 확인되었고, PED 백신의 효능을 높이기 위한 새로운 후보주와 강력한 neutralizing epitope로 PED에 대한 보다 효과적인 컨트롤을 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

Measuring Cultural Transmission at Archaeological Scales: How Can We Improve Empirical Sufficiency?

Madsen, Mark Ernest University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Cultural transmission has long been a key organizing principle within anthropology, but the effort to formalize cultural transmission models and fit them to archaeological data is more recent, stimulated by work by Robert Dunnell in the 1970's. Since then, the use of cultural transmission modeling in archaeology has branched into several research programs: one macroevolutionary, employing phylogenetic methods; and one microevolutionary, employing models derived from population genetics. A third research program, focused on intermediate or "mesoscopic" scales and seriation as a finer-grained counterpart to phylogenetic and cladistics, is being developed by Carl Lipo and the present author.This dissertation collects research papers by the author since 2012 which examine two questions. First, are equifinality issues encountered in the microevolutionary research program solvable or do they prevent us from employing individual-scale models? Second, to the extent that equifinality cannot be circumvented, can we construct better approaches at the mesosopic scale appropriate to coarse grained, time averaged data?Two papers examine the first question, using simulation modeling and statistical methods to test whether theoretical models can be distinguished even in principle. The first paper examines the effects of temporal aggregation, which is ubiquitous in the archaeological record, on our ability to distinguish between cultural transmission models, and finds significant issues in doing so with time averaged data. The second paper examines the effects of population heterogeneity in social learning modes, which is well documented from living human and animal populations. I find that heterogeneous mixtures of social learning rules can be identified statistically, but only with synchronic censusing of the population, and that time averaging and small samples render mixtures indistinguishable from pure unbiased copying.Turning to the second question, three papers continue my long-term research into reshaping the classical seriation method into a tool for tracing the structure of cultural transmision at regional scales. One short paper examines the combinatorial structure of the seriation problem when we admit multiple subsolutions. A second paper seeks to increase the size of possible seriations, which is necessary to incorporate significant spatial variation and yield a tool usable for investigating the history of cultural transmission in a region. We increase the potential size of seriation solutions by switching from unimodality to distance minimization as the ordering criterion, yielding "continuity'' seriation as a distinct method. A third paper in this group then applies continuity seriation graphs as the observable variable, in a methodological study of how to construct models of how cultural transmission was structured at the regional scale. This paper introduces ``interval temporal networks'' as a way to formalize our hypotheses about regional interaction and transmission, and explores a statistical method for summarizing the topology of seriation graphs, to assess their fit to our regional interaction models.A final paper examines a different kind of mesoscale question: how do we begin to model not just the spatiotemporal structure of past cultural transmission, but its \\emph{content} as well. The chapter models the dependency structure of the knowledge required to construct complex artifact types, through the "prerequisites'' needed for each step, and introduces a model where transmission of subsequent traits requires learning their prerequisites first. This simplified model of ``structured'' cultural traits is then used to explore the "learning hypothesis" for behavioral modernity, by looking at the richness and depth of knowledge gained when transmission is mostly accomplished by simple imitation compared to learning via a teacher. The results are suggestive that the learning hypothesis can account for the increased richness of ``behaviorally modern'' hominids, and more importantly, points the way to more substantive and technologically informed cultural transmission models.

전력설비의 장기 투자계획 결정을 위한 효과적 방법론 연구 : 한국의 전력계통 설비확충의 사례 기반

김태훈 高麗大學校 工學大學院 2014 국내석사

A Study on the Methodology Development for the Effective Decision-making of Long-term Electricity Invest Plans This paper presents study on the Methodology Development for the Effective Decision-making of Long-term Electricity Invest Plans in Korea power system. KEPCO(Korea Electric Power COrporation, exclusive transco in Korea) has established nationwide long-term transmission invest plan under governmental electric power supply & demand plan. KPX(Korea Power eXchange, SO & MO of Korea) has assisted to MOTIE’s Basic Plan for Long-term Power Supply & Demand from unbundling of vertically integrated company in 2001. KEPCO had greatly achieved to a electricity supply and demand policy of the well developed country’s model instead of government before restructuring. At recent days, 915 circular-outage event was shown a slightly narrow insufficient of power supply & demand with whole sale competition market system. In addition, trunk lines between large generation site and load sink are not constructed within the planned date. We should more focus and resolve on these tensions which were originated from less transmission investment in the last few decades. Especially our super giant generation sites and very highly condensed load centers are more difficult to stable operation in the future. Korean power system should be driven to well balanced supply & demand of each provincial area from the sharp point of more concentrated condition, as means of catastrophic risk hedge. This is the best way of escape from the various conditions which encounter worse disasters without intention. Korean grid network system was developed and configurated by multiple transmission connections for the purpose of the rapid demand growth for a few decades. For this purpose, the methodology for the effective decision making of transmission investment was developed from a simulation of the numerical quantitative manner. As a result, policy makers can select better way from these comparable alternatives. Then social benefit will get larger than other options and be driven a new stable equivalent choice of imbalance among expected right of ways. As many people know, conditions of power grid lines affect regular operation of whole integrated electric facilities. in addition, interested parties should prepare for contingency plan for the critical damage after a probable trunk line fault, because the line shortage triggered failure in the control area. To say short, many players which are related in power system, should make a better procedure on the invest plan of inter-connected transmission lines for the public comments among various interested parties. A necessity of trunk lines ought to be noticed and agreed to residents in neighboring of lines, previously. Transmission planning methodology is shown here will look forward to the many contributions, in the future. 전력설비의 장기 투자계획 결정을 위한 효과적 방법론 연구 본 논문을 통해 과거 우리나라의 고도 성장기에 경험했던 전력계통 설비확충의 사례를 살펴봄으로써, 미래 전력수급의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 장기적으로 전력설비 투자계획의 효과적인 의사결정 방법론 도출을 연구하였다. ‘60년대부터 시작된 정부주도의 경제계획의 일환으로 전력수급계획도 수립․추진되었으나 세계 10위권의 경제규모를 가진 최근의 환경에서는 정책결정(decision)-공고(announcement)-민원대응(defense)의 고전적 절차를 고수하면서 계획된 기간내에 공공 정책을 이행할 수 없게 되었다. 세계적으로도 유래가 없는 우리나라같이 좁은 국토면적에 발전설비와 송전설비가 초고집적으로 전력계통이 운영되고 있는 현 여건을 직시하고, 전력수급의 공급측 자원의 핵심인 발전설비 입지와 지역간 전력융통을 담당하는 대규모 송전선로 경과지의 점유에 대한 적절한 보상체계의 확립없이 영구적 혐오설비가 주거환경 인접에 입지한다면 민원은 더욱 가중되리라 전망된다. 필수적인 전력설비의 입지정책을 결정하기 전에 충분한 사전 공지와 직간접적인 피해지역 주민들의 적극적인 참여, 공개적 논의가 가능한 공적인 절차 마련이 필요하고 이 제도를 뒷받침할 정량적인 비교대안의 분석을 필요로 하게 되었다. 다양한 이해관계자의 욕구와 환경보존, 전력설비가 입지하고 난 후의 사회적 편익에 상응하는 균형적 배분 요구 등 보다 더 공개적이고 민주적인 의사결정 체계를 요구하고 있다. 이러한 과정은 벌써 OECD 선진국들도 의견수렴과 공론화 절차를 거쳐 정책 집행 강제력을 확보해 온 사실에서 입증된 수단이라고 볼 수 있다. 경쟁적 자원요소인 발전기의 입지반대 민원보다도 결정론적인 신뢰도를 요구받는 송전선로의 부족이나 기능상실에 의한 충격이나 피해 파급이 훨씬 크고 오래 지속된다. 본 연구를 통해 제안한 송전선로의 진출입이 미치는 경제적 효과를 계량적으로 분석하는 방법론을 적용한다면 이해관계자들에게 수용성 확보가 훨씬 용이해지고 결국 사회적 편익의 새로운 균형(equilibrium)을 이룰 수 있게 된다. 국내의 전력설비 확충 경험을 기반으로 하여 제안된 본 방법론은 개도국 수준 이상의 전력수급계획을 실행하는 프로세스에 적용될 경우 큰 효과가 기대된다.

Perception System Development for Automated Combine-to-Cart Unloading During Harvest of Grain Crops

Jiang, Chufan Purdue University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

During harvest, the combine harvester needs to frequently unload the grain to another container to empty its hopper for the next round of crop intake. An efficient farming practice is unloading on-the-go since the combine harvester does not need to stop harvesting while unloading the material to another cart drawn by a tractor. Although desirable, unloading on-the-go requires highly skilled labor, and complete concentration, as the combine operator must simultaneously monitor the cart fullness, control the combine movement, and communicate with the tractor operator for vehicle coordination.Automation of grain unloading on-the-go process can ease operator's burden, lower the demand for skilled labor and enhance harvesting productivity. This work is part of the Auto Unload project which is a collaboration between Purdue University and John Deere to develop a fully automated grain unloading on-the-go system. To fully automate the unloading on-the-go operation, a vision-based perception system is needed to track the grain cart location and monitor fill status inside the cart. This work develops novel tools, frameworks, and algorithms for the development and evaluation of perception systems used for automatic grain unloading applications.First, a simulation environment was developed using the Unreal Engine for the visionbased perception systems. The virtual environment is created specifically for the grain unloading scenarios with the combine and the tractor driven cart, and it simulates perception sensors including the camera and LiDAR sensor. The simulation tool is used to simulate sensor behavior in the unloading environment and to determine a preferable sensor placement for the automatic unloading system design.The fill status information extracted by the perception system is used by the controller for decision making. To investigate the impact of the perception system on the unloading control, a novel co-simulation (CoSim) framework was developed to achieve an integrated simulation enabling models of the perception system and controller to run at the same time in order to interact with each other. The proposed CoSim framework includes perception simulation modules in Unreal Engine and simulates system models and dynamics in MATLAB/Simulink. The two-way communication was established between Unreal and MATLAB/Simulink to mimic the complex interaction between perception module and control module, and between the automatic unloading system and external environment. Two simulation cases were conducted to demonstrate that CoSim can be used for both system design and system evaluation. This CoSim scheme can also be transferred to other applications given the versatility of the software packages used. To the best of author's knowledge, the presented CoSim work was the first one demonstrating the closed-loop simulation of a complex automation task using Unreal and MATLAB/Simulink.To develop a reliable perception system, experimental validation is necessary. For the Auto Unload project, a stereo-camera based perception system was chosen as the productionintent system due to its advantages of generating high-resolution 3D images at low cost. This work proposes a novel LiDAR-based benchmark system to evaluate the in-situ performance of such combine harvester grain unloading on-the-go automation systems that incorporate stereo camera-based perception. The LiDAR-based benchmark system incorporates a dust filtering strategy to enable its use during dusty conditions. The benchmark system runs simultaneously with the stereo-camera based system to provide the benchmark data from in-field testing. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed benchmark system provides consistent benchmark data in both clear and dusty environments.

Childhood Witnessing of Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Character Development Across Time and Adulthood Relationships

Ouzounian, Zena ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Antioch University 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

Protecting Against the Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: An Exploration of the Role of Attachment Style

Schlussel, Tara ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Alliant Internatio 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

The goal of this study was to explore factors that impact secondary trauma (ST) in Holocaust survivor (HOS) descendants. The study sought to investigate differences in level of ST between generational level (second, third, no relationship to Holocaust survivor) and number of Holocaust survivor parents (none, one, two Holocaust survivor parents). Furthermore, the study aimed to examine potential protective effects of attachment style and relationship satisfaction on levels of ST, utilizing the Modified Secondary Trauma Scale (STS), Couple Satisfaction Index-4 (CSI-4) and Experiences in Close Relationships-12 Questionnaire (ECR-12). Overall, results revealed a significant relationship between generational level and ST, where HOS descendants reported higher levels of ST compared to non-HOS descendants. The results also demonstrated that while HOS descendants with one or more parents reported higher levels of ST compared to non-HOS descendants, there was no significant difference between having one or two HOS parents. Lastly, the results revealed that the interaction of relationship satisfaction and attachment style did not have a significant protective effect on levels of ST. However, relationship satisfaction independently was found to significantly contribute to HOS descendants’ level of ST. Implications for clinicians and directions for future research are discussed.

Omnidirectional Optical Communicator for Cube-Satellite Crosslink: Design and Analysis

Zaman, Imam Uz ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2021 해외박사(DDOD)