Analyzing cohousing community spaces using social network analysis based on actor network theory

조혜연 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2020 국내박사

Community space within residential environments is multi-layered and multi-purpose as physical space, and as a social space, it fosters formation of a relationships and influences behavior of people. Therefore, it is necessary to understand all the characteristics of a physical space, the social relationships between users of the space, and the behavioral interactions of users of the space to see how a community space forms diverse relationships. The fist purpose of this study is to propose a new network analysis method that applies Actor Network Theory (ANT) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) to analyze the characteristics of networks formed within the community space of cohousing, and the role of the actors who joined the network. The other purpose is to analyze the selected cases through these new methods of analysis, to derive space planning elements and to present a direction for new model of the residence that fosters exchange. To achieve these purposes, first of all, as a way to solve the social problems that arise in residential environments, the factors that can create social relationships in community spaces were analyzed. Secondly, to analyze cases, details were discussed in order of case selection criteria, methods of investigation for data collection, methods of data classification, procedures for network setup, and methods of network analysis. Thirdly, Based on Actor Network Theory (ANT), an analytical framework was developed and a method of connecting actors was proposed. According to a prior study, it was pointed out that the theory of actor network (ANT) is subjective and descriptive in interpreting the results, which makes the analysis less reliable. To make up for these shortcomings, this study proposed the centrality analysis among methods of Social Network Analysis (SNA) which is an objective analysis method based on quantified data. Fourthly, to analyze the structure of a network, network types were discussed. The subjects of analysis are cohousing community spaces in Japan. Finally, factors that activate cohousing community spaces were derived and the application method of space planning, space planning which takes into consideration the needs of residents, and an efficient operation plan were discussed. The significance of this study is that, based on an analysis method that combines the concept of Actor Network Theory (ANT) with an analytical approach of Social Network Analysis (SNA), an integrated view of space was prepared by proposing a method to quantitatively analyze the changes in the network occurring in mixed spaces with disparate elements. Also, the networks that make up the spaces were classified into physical-spatial network and sociophysical-spatial networks and were analyzed what factors changed spaces through the combination of human actors network and non-human actors network. The differentiation of this study is that the planning elements of the space were derived based on this and measures were devised to promote cohousing community space by reflecting the characteristics of the residents. The results derived from case analysis are expected to be used as basic data when planning the community space of community housing such as sharehouses and social housing in the future and to be possible to present the direction of the space planning. 주거 환경 내에 커뮤니티 공간은 물리적 공간이라는 관점에서 보면 다층적이고 다목적인 공간이고, 사회적 공간이라는 관점에서 보면 사람들의 사회적 관계를 형성하고 행태에 영향을 미치는 공간이다. 따라서 주거 환경 안에서 커뮤니티 공간이 어떻게 다양한 관계를 형성하는지 살펴보려면 물리적 공간의 특성, 공간을 사용하는 사람들의 사회적 관계, 공간을 사용하는 사람들의 교류 행태를 모두 파악하여 분석할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 행위자 네트워크 이론(Actor Network Theory)과 소셜 네트워크 분석(Social Network Analysis)방법을 적용하여 커뮤니티 공간 내에 형성된 네트워크의 특성과 네트워크에 동참한 행위자들의 역할을 심도 있게 분석하는 새로운 네트워크 분석 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 새로운 분석 방법으로 선정된 사례를 분석하고 교류 활성화를 일으키는 공간 계획 요소들을 도출하여, 새로운 주거 모델의 방향성을 제시하는 것도 본 논문의 목적이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 첫째, 주거 환경에서 나타나는 사회적 문제점을 고찰하고 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 커뮤니티 공간에서 사회적 관계를 일으킬 수 있는 요인들을 분석하였다. 둘째, 연구 목적에 적합한 연구 방법을 설계하고 분석 지표를 제시하기 위해 사례 선정 기준, 데이터 수집을 위한 조사방법, 데이터 분류 방법, 네트워크 설정 절차, 네트워크 분석 방법을 설계하였다. 셋째, 행위자 네트워크 이론(Actor Network Theory)을 기반으로 개념적 분석 틀을 개발하였고, 행위자들을 연결하는 방법을 제안하였다. 분석 방법으로는 정량화된 데이터를 바탕으로 객관적 분석 방법이 가능한 소셜 네트워크 분석 방법 중 중심성 분석을 활용하였다. 넷째, 네트워크 유형을 분류하여 분석 방안을 설정하였고, 네트워크 유형에 따른 네트워크 구조를 사례별로 분석하였다. 네트워크 유형은 단일 네트워크와 다중 네트워크로 분류되며, 비인간-물리적 행위자가 단일 네트워크인 물리적 공간 네크워크에서 다중 네트워크인 사회-물리적 공간 네트워크로 변화하면서 나타나는 특징들을 분석하였다. 선정된 사례는 우리나라와 주거의식과 사회변화의 흐름이 비슷하고, 거주자들 간의 활발한 커뮤니티 교류로 성공적인 사례로 평가 받는 일본의 코하우징 커뮤니티 공간이다. 다섯째, 코하우징 커뮤니티 공간을 활성화 시키는 요인들을 도출하여 공간 계획시 적용방안에 대해 논의하였다. 본 논문의 의의는 행위자 네트워크 이론의 개념적 틀 안에서 소셜 네트워크 분석 방법을 이용하여 다양한 이질적 행위자들로 이루어진 네트워크 구조를 정량적으로 분석하는 방법을 제안하여 공간을 통합적으로 바라보는 시각을 마련하였다는 데에 있다. 또한 공간을 구성하는 네트워크를 물리적 공간 네트워크, 사회-물리적 공간 네트워크로 분류하고, 인간-비인간 행위자 네트워크들이 결합하면서 어떤 요인들이 공간에 영향을 주는지를 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 공간의 계획 요소를 도출하여 코하우징 커뮤니티 공간을 활성화 시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련하였다는 것이 본 논문의 차별성이다. 사례 분석을 통해 도출된 결과들은 향후 동호인 주택, 쉐어하우스, 소셜 하우징 등의 공동체 주택의 커뮤니티 공간을 계획할 때 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 공간 계획의 방향성을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

초등돌봄교실 정책이슈의 출현과 변동과정 분석 : 빅데이터 분석 및 소셜 네트워크 분석을 중심으로

양윤정 고려대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

Abstract Analysis of the Emergence and Change Process of Policy Issues in Elementary Aftercare Classroom : Focusing on Big Data Analysis and Social Network Analysis Yang, Yoon-Jung Department of Education Graduate School Korea University Advised by Prof. Shin, Hyun-Seok The purpose of this study is to analysis policy issues in elementary aftercare classroom, to examine how the policy issues of aftercare program in elementary school is emerging in the media and to suggest policy implications. The elementary aftercare classroom is a policy that reflects the change of social paradigm and demands for child care by the transition of the welfare society. As the socialization of care accelerates, the demand for policy implementation of the elementary aftercare classroom is increasing, and the importance of the operation of the elementary aftercare classroom becomes more and more important as the social necessity grows. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific issue of the elementary aftercare classroom, the emphasis on the justification of the policy has been emphasized and the viewpoints about various problems in the policy implementation are not diversified. Therefore, it is necessary to examine what is required for the policy for better quality policy implementation and service provision, focusing on policy issues. In the past, it was difficult to reflect social demands, but recently, science technology and information devices have been developed. So the policies that reflect the social needs of the public can be implemented. Various social demands are not reflected smoothly, and sometimes policy issues are create conflict situations. In the elementary aftercare classroom, policies are implemented reflecting these social changes and demands, but various issues have arisen due to the urgent expansion of the quantitative scale according to the necessity of the policy. From this point of view, this study analyzed what is the policy issue of the elementary aftercare classroom in the media, how the policy issues appear in the policy issue network, and how the policy in elementary aftercare program has been changed according to changes in policy issues in elementary aftercare classroom. As a research method, Big Data Analysis method and Social Network Analysis method were applied to analysis of policy issue and policy issue network for analysis of policy issue in elementary aftercare classroom. The research data used in the analysis are the policy data of the elementary aftercare classroom reported by the Ministry of Education and the articles related to the elementary aftercare classroom reported by the media. As the results of the analysis of policy issues, ‘budget’ and ‘expansion’ policy issues in the elementary aftercare classroom on word cloud analysis and appearance frequency analysis and trend analysis were highest in each analysis result and showed high trend change. In analysis of policy issues network in the elementary aftercare classroom, ‘Enforcement Decree’ is located at the center as the results of centrality analysis, so that the connection relation with other policy issue is closely related. The ‘expansion’ policy issue from the results of closeness analysis in the elementary policy issue network appeared as high impact issue. The results of the sub-group analysis could be divided into two groups: the operation such as ‘the five-day workweek’, ‘caring dedicated’, and the management such as ‘education budget’ and ‘competitiveness’. In addition, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues were analyzed to be highly influenced by social factors, and the social interest in policy issues. And the policy issues on the operation of elementary aftercare classroom, it is analyzed that contents and meaning may be different by the time of media report even though the policy issue is the same word. Furthermore, the policy issues in the elementary aftercare policy network has a great meaning of the other policy issue linked with the social issues and social problems that occur at the related policy issues. And it was analyzed that it influenced the content and meaning of the media reports on the control of policy issues according to the policy and policy direction of elementary aftercare classroom at that time. These results are also reflected in policy changes due to the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues. The process of change in the elementary aftercare classrooms changed according to the emergence of new policy issues or relation with another related policy issues. Therefore, the policy issue have words of constant expression such as ‘budget’ and ‘expansion’, and there are words that appear according to social demands such as ‘the five-day workweek’ and ‘vacation’, and other words that appear according to social problems such as ‘weather’ and ‘MERS’. Also, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues showed changes in policy issues at each stage of raising, discussion, progression, and transformation. At the stage of progression, the policy-making element is the social significance, social maturity, complexity and technicality. And as depending on whether or not the policy-making elements are satisfied, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue has been changed like annulled, shelved, influence on policy or become a new policy. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of policy issues in the elementary aftercare classroom are as follows. First, the emergence and change process of the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue proceed in a cyclical structure. From 2011 to 2016, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues that appeared in the media appeared and spread according to the cyclical structure, and they were structurally transformed, reflecting policy changes and policy changes. Structural transformation appeared in four stages of raising, discussion, progression, and transformation. The emergence of the policy issues was made according to social change and social demands at the stage of raising. It was confirmed that social change and demands influenced the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues through the operation of elementary aftercare classroom, support the children for low-income families and single-parent families, and expansion of the elementary aftercare classrooms due to increase in double-income families. In the discussion stage, it is appeared the dispersion of the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue through the intervention of the government and the media. In the stage of progression, it was confirmed whether or not the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues met the elements for policy making according to the social significance, social maturity, complexity and technicality. In the transformation stage of the elementary aftercare classroom, the policy issues were transformed due to be dissipated, be shelved, influence on policy or become a new policy. However, despite of the policy issue change in a cyclical structure there were announced the policy constantly to solve the occurred problem not because of considering the disparity between the intrinsic purpose of the elementary aftercare classroom and the reality that occurred during the implementation process. Therefore, when examining the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues, it should be approached from the viewpoint of child care and education in order to meet the policy objectives while taking into the policy issue change and the cyclical structure. Second, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue implies characteristics of social significance, social maturity, complexity and technicality. Based on the results of the analysis of the policy issues and the policy issue network in the elementary aftercare classroom, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues are reflected the social significant such as the change to the welfare society and the concern of the care deficit because of the change of the family form-‘double income families’, ‘low income class’, ‘multicultural families’. It also reflects social issues such as ‘MERS’ and ‘temporary holidays’. Policy issues such as ‘caring lecturer’, ‘caring workforce’, ‘caring dedicated’, ‘NURI curriculum’, and ‘traffic safety’ showed a small number of appearances but gradually increased to reflect social maturity to some degree. In the case of ‘the five-day workweek’ and ‘NURI curriculum’, they are the policy issue that are not directly related to the elementary aftercare classroom, but the effect of the policy is influencing the elementary aftercare classroom as well. Meanwhile, the results of this study also suggest that the policy issue characteristics of the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues are closely related to the policy reflection. Because the satisfaction of the elements of the policy issues-the social significance, social maturity, technical of the issue- means that the elementary aftercare policy issue are appropriate as policy issue. Third, the role of media in the process of dispersion of the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues appeared to be very big and it was determined whether the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues were reflected the policy according to media interest. In other words, depending on whether the policy issues were reported in the media or not, the social significant and maturity of the policy issues appeared. And it was determined whether or not influence on the policy change. The issues with higher frequency in media are more comprehensive and ambiguous like ‘expansion’, reflecting social changes and demands. The policy issues related to the elementary aftercare classroom such as ‘caring dedicated’ and ‘NURI curriculum’ changed their positions in the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue network depending on whether they were reported by the media, and the results on reflection of the policy was changed. As the result of analysis of the reported by the media, it is possible to understand clearly what the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues are, why they appear, how they relate to other policy issues, and how they are changing. It is also possible to draw up policy issues and other policy issues related to the policy issues. Therefore, when analyzing the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue, it is necessary to look at related issues and solution, focusing on the policy issues that appear in the policy issue network other than frequency of occurrence or trend analysis and the group of policy issues. In conclusion, the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues are closely related to the media and the policies that reflect social needs and social interests and demands. The purpose of the elementary aftercare classroom for social changes and demands, and the policy characteristics of ‘welfare’ and ‘childe care’ are reflected in the policy issues. As these purpose and the characteristics of the policy, the emergence and change process of the policy issue showed the cyclical structural through the change of each stages. Although the elementary aftercare classroom started with government initiative, it is significant to broaden educational policy by accepting social demands. Based on the results of the study and conclusions, there are suggested for educational policy recommendations and follow-up studies. First of all, the educational policy suggestions for the qualitative improvement of the elementary aftercare classroom are as follows. It is necessary to adopt policies for improvement of quality in consideration of social change, social demands, and the purpose of operation of elementary aftercare classroom rather than temporary problem solving. And the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue should take into account not only child care but also educational and social issues. Organic cooperation among various social members is necessary for solving social problems(Shin, Hyun-Seok, Jung, Yong-Joo, 2014:53). Therefore the necessity of the elementary aftercare classroom should be re-established and social consensus about the basis and direction of the elementary aftercare classroom should be formed. And Active linkage with local community should be made in the operation of elementary aftercare classroom. Socialization of care is not limited to the space of school. The community should not only participate in a program of the elementary aftercare classroom but also act as the subject of the elementary aftercare. Next are suggestions for follow-up research. Since this study deals with the overall structure of the adaptation, emergence and change process of the policy issues in the elementary aftercare classroom in order to achieve the purpose of the research, it is necessary to carry out an exploratory study on individual policy issues. In other words, it is expected a study on how each policy issues at specific time periods are reflected in the policy process. And it is possible to make a comprehensive analysis on the contents of the elementary aftercare classroom policy at the relevant period by looking at the issue classification of the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues and the issue of the elementary aftercare classroom policy which plays a role of intermediary. Lastly the policy issues that have not been presented at the 1% frequency of the elementary aftercare classroom policy issues but are being presented recently should be identified. Because although the frequency of occurrence in the elementary aftercare classroom policy issue network is low, policy issues have emerged that can predict influence or ripple effect. The Ministry of Education’s 2016 elementary aftercare classroom management plan suggests the needs for the elementary aftercare classroom, which is par of after-school education policy, to raise the conditions for raising children more safely in accordance with the expansion of women’s social advancement and the increase of double-income families(The Ministry of Education, 2016:1). It is emphasized as the national policy that child care should be carried out based on the overall social structure and systematic policy for stable care of children. Although many policy issues and practices have been reflected and improved since the beginning of the past 10 years of the elementary aftercare classroom, there have been a lot of social conflict factors such as budget conflict with local government. This study was conducted under the recognition that various conflicts arose due to issues surrounding the elementary aftercare classroom and that a comprehensive analysis of the policy issues is needed. It is expected that it will be able to solve the social conflict through the comprehensive analysis of the policy issues and to operate the policy with improved quality in the elementary aftercare classroom.

A STUDY OF EXPLORING NETWORKS ESTABLISHED BY CONVNETION SUPPLIERS USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS : 사회 연결망 분석을 활용하여 컨벤션 공급업자에 의해 구축된 네트워크 탐색 연구

김영미 세종대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

컨벤션 산업 관련 기존의 연구 동향을 살펴보면, CVB의 역할과 기능, 목적지 마케팅, 장소나 입지 선정 과정, 컨벤션 산업의 경제적 효과, 컨벤션 센터 관련 시설경영, 회의기획가, 회의참석결정요인 등 다양한 주제가 다루어져 왔다. 반면, 네트워크 관련 이론은 매우 미비하게 다루어져 왔으며, 현존하는 연구 역시 컨벤션 산업 내 공급자들에 의해 형성된 네트워크의 범위를 정의하는 경계가 모호하고, 방법론의 한계를 보이며, 교환되고 있는 자원들에 대하여 밝혀지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 부산, 대구, 광주, 세 개의 컨벤션 도시를 선정하여, 실제 컨벤션 산업에 관여하고 있는 기업이나 기관들에는 누가 있으며, 이들 간의 교환되는 자원에는 무엇이 있는지 살펴보는데 목적을 두었다. 특히, 사회 연결망 분석이라는 분석 기법을 활용하여 네트워크를 도식화하고, 사회 연결망 이론에 근거한 네트워크 내 행위자의 역할이나 지위를 해석하고자 하였다. 보다 구체적인 연구 목적과 분석 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역 내 컨벤션 산업에 관여하고 있는 기업이나 기관들에는 누가 있으며, 이들이 지니는 산업적 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 선정한 세 개 지역 내 주재하는 컨벤션 공급업자는 각기 다르게 나타났으며, 이 과정에서 지역적인 인프라의 강점이나 약점도 파악되었다. 둘째, 세 개 지역 컨벤션 산업 관련 기업이나 기관들 간의 구축된 네트워크의 특성을 살펴보았다. 특히, 연결망을 도식화하는 작업을 통해, 보다 구체적으로 산업에 따라 관여되어 있는 기업이나 기관들을 구분할 수 있었다. 이외에도 사회연결망 분석에서 행위자들의 역할이나 위치에 대한 분석을 가능케 하는 연결정도 중심성, 인접 중심성, 사이 중심성과 같은 주요 지표를 살펴보았다. 셋째, 네트워크를 구성하고 있는 기업이나 기관들 간의 교류되고 있는 자원이 무엇인지를 살펴보았다. 자원의 종류를 보다 구체적으로는 알기 위해, 정성적 연구 조사(내용분석법과 심층인터뷰)를 실시하였으며, 도출된 자원들을 토대로 세 개 지역 내 네트워크 형성 기업이나 기관들이 실제 교류하고 있는 자원들을 알아보았다. 넷째, 설문 대상의 기업이나 기관들이 향후 컨벤션 관련 비즈니스를 위해 구축하고자 하는 산업 부문과의 협력의 필요성에 대한 인식도 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 세 개 지역을 대상으로 도출한 분석 결과들을 토대로, 비교 분석하여 문제점과 이에 대한 실현 가능한 해결책을 제시해 보았다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 본 연구는 다음과 같은 한계점을 제시하고 있다. 우선, 본 연구는 사회 연결망 분석이라는 정성적인 조사 방법론을 이용하여 결과를 도출하고 있는데, 이는 일반화가 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 연구 결과 도출 이후에 전문가와의 인터뷰를 통해 현상과 결과에 대한 인과관계를 보다 논리적으로 정립하고, 이를 토대로 컨벤션 산업 관련 네트워크 이론에 기여할 수 있는 시사점을 제시해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 본 연구에서는 컨벤션 산업 관련 기업들 간 교류되는 자원의 순위만을 살펴보았다. 향후 연구에서는 산업 부문 별 제공받거나 제공하는 자원을 구체적으로 탐색할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서는 우리나라 세 개 지역만을 선정하였는데, 향후 연구에서는 이외의 지역도 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 도출된 결과는 컨벤션 산업 내 네트워크 이론 강화에 기여하는 바가 클 것이다. After a success of ASEM, more attention has been made to the convention industry by industrial practitioners as well as academics. Especially, three regions of Korea (i.e., Seoul City, Busan City and Jeju City) are ranked within the top 10 convention host cities of Asian countries (UIA, 2009). Now, not only Busan City and Jeju City have revitalized themselves as convention destinations, but also other metropolitan cities in Korea have been doing this. However, most of cities except Seoul face the difficulties of poor infrastructure and low reputation. To overcome these weaknesses, the concept of cooperative relationship among convention suppliers has become an important issue. This study, therefore, attempts to identify the perceptions of convention suppliers with their exchanging resources by employing research methodology tools such as social network analysis. First, it is designed to identify the characteristics of convention suppliers who are actively involved with the convention business in three regions in order to see the type of industrial sectors. Second, it investigates the structural characteristics of the current networks formed by members of CVBs in three convention destinations. According to the “graph theory”, problems occurred by a graph or network structure are evoked from connections between pairs of nodes that determine the roles and positions of actors in a network (Gross & Yellen, 1999). Solutions are suggested by designing a suitable network to connect together a number of nodes at minimum cost. Third, it investigates the exchange of resources among the convention suppliers in a network according to three convention cities. Fourth, it examines the convention suppliers’ perceptions of the need on establishing cooperative relationship with convention related industrial sectors for the future business. Lastly, it compares the results drawn from analyzing networks of three convention cities that show different growth stages in terms of convention destination. The following results were obtained. First, in this study, the convention suppliers in each of the three cities included in the study were identified. The biggest number of entities was found in Busan City. It can be interpreted that Busan City has more sufficient suppliers than other two cities. Meanwhile, Daegu and Gwangju City had no entities with regard to the recreation industry such as casinos, golf facilities, and cruises. Second, the structural characteristics of the current networks formed by the convention-related organizations and corporations in the three convention cities were investigated. As regards the shape of the networks in the three convention cities included in this study, Busan City’s shape was found to be that of a “star” with Busan CVB and BEXCO as the central point in the network. Meanwhile, Daegu and Gwangju City were found to have no particular central points in their respective networks. Thus the actors in both networks are more likely to be dispersed. Then, three types of centralities (degree centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality) were assessed to understand the actors’ roles and positions in a network. Next, this study investigated the exchange resources between convention suppliers in a network. the most important exchange resources in Busan City were found to be the “sales and promotion of products and services”, “information about new target market for convention or any types of meetings”, and “providing human resources”. In the meantime, the convention suppliers in Daegu and Gwangju City perceived the following as important exchange resources as “information about new target market for convention or any types of meetings”, “sales and promotion of products and services”, and “exploring new business channels”. Lastly, the gap between the convention suppliers’ perceptions of the present status of their cooperative relationships and the need for them to establish cooperative relationships in the future were also examined in this study.

(A) network analysis of international alliance system : its geographical descriptions and strategic implications for Korea

왕영민 Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2010 국내석사

'Alliance network' or 'networkization of alliance' is a newly transpired concepts after the emergence of international phenomena which cannot be explained from the perspective of conventional philosophies in international relations. It is also signigicant to note that the emergence of such transition is not isolatedly happened in a specific region, but has been witnessed in the rest of the world. Within this context, this study aims to analyze the structure and characteristics of current international alliance network, to figure out the pivotal axis in that network, to verify the contemporary scholars' international systems discussions, and to draw policy implications for Korea based on the understandings of international and regional alliance network structure. To achieve these research purposes, this study applied the social network analysis methods, and find out the following research outcomes. First, the distribution of international alliance network at the present stage reveals to be impartial. The Lorenz Curve of the international alliance network is deviated hugely from its base-line(the Gini-Coefficient: 0.899), And in regard to Ego-network Density, the United Arab Emirates, Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar boast a higher Ego-network Density, imparting they have strengths in the coordination and cooperation on managing a specific international issue. Second, the attempt to search for principal axis in international alliance network results that those countries viewed the principal axises in the international alliance network include the United States of America, Canada, Bahamas, Russia, France, Spain when measured based on the Centrality of network. They play a role as a hub or connector in the international alliance network. Third, this study partially reputes the existing claim of ‘international system’ by the international politics scholars. The actual international system, in terms of international alliance network, does not fulfil the criteria of Multi-polar system and contains the characteristics of Uni-polar system. This study coined a novel term to refer such system to “Multi-polarity having single relative super power.” Fourth, this study brings about Korea's future focus on its possible strategic alliance partners in reflection of network power currently receiving attention. Consequently, Korea can expect a dramatic increase in its network power when Korea is bilaterally allied with those states positioned in the Structural-holes of international alliance network and with the countries of showing high ego-network density at regional level.

국내 학술지 논문의 연구 생산성 및 심사 효율성 분석 : 소셜 네트워크 분석의 관점에서

김기환 동국대학교 2015 국내석사

Many studies have been studied in the Information Technology (IT) area such as Information Systems, Business, Industrial Engineering, Computer Science, Data Analytics and so on. Although various fields for IT exist, searching experts and reviewers in IT journals are subjective. Interests on collaborative research and academic relationship among researchers have been increased. Collaborative researchers can maximize productivity, time & cost savings, and reduce the risk of research. An empirical study on the research productivity of co-authors’ network and review efficiency of the reviewer network was conducted based on co-author networks and reviewer networks in Korea IT journal and management information systems journal. The related journals have made efforts to assign experts for the qualified review. This study conducted developing the framework for understanding and evaluating the experts among co-authors and reviewers through social network analysis. To explore the findings, we collected data of the co-authored network and the reviewer network of the Korea IT journal and management information systems journal. Research productivity index was calculated using authors’ papers submitted to the society. In order to verify the effects of indicators of social network analysis on research productivity and review efficiency, correlation and regression analysis were used. As a result, the indicators of network centrality did not affect the review efficiency, but affect the research productivity.

Analysis of Retail Sales using Social Network Analysis : Focusing on Sales Product Mix of Chain Stores

딘티퀸 경상대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

Retail assortment planning is a topic that has increasingly gained attention and momentum within retail executive suites and merchandising solution vendors' future development and enhancement plans. Clustering of retail stores in a distribution network with sales revenue plays an important and effective role in distribution strategies for products & services. Nowadays, data mining isn’t just dealing with figures and statistics, it also contributes to customer relationship management, analyze the current environment and predict future for buying, selling products and services. Data mining techniques assist in varied areas like sales, marketing and so on. Therefore, in order to enhance a better understanding about data mining, in this research, the first we will use clustering techniques for USA retail chain stores for a 1-year period have been analyzed. Identifying discriminated product compositions and stores in sales network using social network analysis. Thus, appropriate data mining techniques will be chosen and participated in to discover problems, solve problems and predict the future improvement for the business.

초등학생 사회연결망의 학년별 특징과 설명요인 분석

김중숙 전북대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내박사

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the characteristics and explanation factors of elementary school students’social network by grade levels. Through this study, we wanted to obtain helpful data for the formation and the promotion of positive friendships. To this end, the network data wad collected from 165 elementary school students in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades. The data were collected by conducting three surveys. The density, centrality, and correlation of the network were analyzed to examine the structural features. The explanation factors were identified through a multiple regression analysis to see how the individual characteristic factors correlate with the centrality indicators calculated within the network. In addition, we looked at the differences between grades and the trends of change over time. The main variables in this study are the network and personal characteristics. Measurements were made through peer-to-peer naming methods. Based on the students’ opinion survey, the measuring tools were used with 12 teachers to verify the content validity three times. The characteristics of the central and non-preferred students were analyzed by the consolidated centrality indicator values of eight individual characteristics, and the central and non-preference students were classified according to the median indicator scores. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0, UCINET 6, Regression Analysis and CONCOR. The results are as follows based on the findings of elementary school students' analysis of the time-discriminatory social network by grade. First, the structural characteristics of the social network of elementary school students showed that there were various changes in each school year. The cohesion of the network was high in the third and fourth grades, and low in the sixth and first grades. The centralization, which is biased toward the minority, was the highest in the second grade, and lowest in the sixth grade. In particular, it was confirmed that the network form of the 5th and 6th grades showed unstable and segmented characteristics, and the cohesive force of the group weakened toward the higher grades. Second, after looking at the subgroup composition by grade and difference over time, the results were very dynamic. The size of the cluster was more biased toward the senior year. The most disproportionate groups in terms of cluster patterns were the fifth and sixth graders. The inter-block exchanges were found to be not smooth due to the disconnection between the blocks. Third, explanatory variables in the centrality of social networks were found to be 'cheerfulness' among personal characteristics. The factors showing significant results differed slightly depending on the type of centrality. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation ‘selfishness’ and A degree of centrality. Fourth, there was a slight difference in the individual characteristics of the central characters and non-preferred persons by grade, but the centrality scores of the individual characteristics of the central characters were high in order of cheerfulness, consideration, competence, leadership, empathy, honesty. Conversely, it was surprising that students with a high degree of centrality were students with slight tendencies towards aggression and selfishness, but in general, the popular students of the class attributed more positive characteristics, and the non-favorites attributed more negative characteristics. The results of the research revealed by these findings are: an analysis of the social networks for all grades from the early first grade through sixth grade, and the longitudinal study was conducted from the beginning of the semester to the end of the semester. The characteristics of each grade hierarchy could be used to help gain a deeper understanding of the materials necessary for students' developmental stages. Second, by uncovering explanatory variables in the network formation, they provided meaningful information on how students should develop themselves in the curriculum to improve their living and interpersonal skills. Finally, it has guided the direction of what preventive measures should be provided to underprivileged children identified by the social network. Educational guidance will be needed to reduce negative characteristics such as aggression and selfishness. The results of this study may be useful guideline for the development of children’s sociality and friendship at school sites. Based on the above findings, the implications of this study and the directions of future studies were presented.

Can we be friends? a study on international students' friendship network at a Korean University : focusing on social relations between international & local students

홍바울 Graduate School, Korea University 2021 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall friendship network of international students enrolled at K University’s Division of International Studies(DIS), by identifying the characteristics of the overall friendship network and the factors that influenced it. To do so, the study utilized an ego-centric network analysis in the quantitative phase to provide a visual representation of the overall friendship network, and it was then followed by in depth interviews in the qualitative phase in order to uncover the factors influencing the friendship network. By doing so, it aimed to reveal students who were situated in the periphery(outsiders) and core(insiders) of the overall friendship network. It also highlighted the role of network brokers who bridged the gap between the periphery and core, by connecting outsiders to insiders. Although it was known through prevalent literature that international students struggle to form friendships with host country students, this study provided a visual representation of the division between international and local students within a Korean university and provided in-depth analysis as to why such phenomena occurred.

Traumatic experience and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic : an exploratory study using social network analysis and topic modeling

홍소윤 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2022 국내박사

A Study on the Spatial Network Structure of Cities Based on Chinese Government Procurement Activities : Take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as an example

니우메이잉 경기대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

With the continuous progress of economic globalization and the information era, interactions based on various "flows" between cities have led to the formation of urban networks within regions. Government procurement, as a crucial policy tool for promoting regional economic development, plays a pivotal role in constructing these urban networks. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China as an example, this study delves deep into the spatial network structural characteristics of the area from the perspective of government procurement transactions in 2022. Utilizing the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region's government procurement transaction data, a spatial network representing governmental purchasing activities has been developed, which uncovers the patterns of connectivity, the configurations of the network, and the characteristics of centrality.Integrating GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis methodologies, the spatial connection modes and network structural attributes of the urban network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is extensively explored, and a comprehensive investigation into the underlying influencing mechanisms is conducted. Moreover, by considering the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as a unified entity within the scope of national government procurement activities, a clearer understanding of the external demand network structure of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is gained. The findings indicate that, at the levels of goods, engineering, and service projects, the spatial connection structures all manifest in patterns radiating from Beijing as the center, primarily along the Beijing-Shijiazhuang and Beijing-Tianjin urban corridors. Furthermore, Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang, the three major cities, dominate the network, with several cohesive subgroups also present within the urban network. This study further demonstrates that the spatial structure of the supply-demand network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is influenced by multifaceted factors, including a city's economic prowess, administrative barriers, geographic distances, project budget sources, and policy directives. 경제의 세계화와 정보화 시대의 끊임없는 전진에 따라, 도시 간의 다양한 "흐름"을 기반으로 한 상호작용이 지역 내의 도시 네트워크 형성을 촉진하게 되었다. 정부의 조달 활동은 지역 경제의 성장을 촉진시키는 주요한 정책 도구로서, 도시 네트워크의 구축에 있어 결정적인 역할을 미친다. 본 연구는 북경-천진-하북 지역 2022년의 정부 조달 거래 데이터를 기반으로, 정부 조달 관점에서 해당 지역의 공간 네트워크 구조 특성을 상세히 분석하였다. 이를 통해 북경-천진-하북 지역 도시간 연결 패턴, 네트워크 구조 및 중심성 특성을 분석하였다. GIS 공간 분석 및 사회 네트워크 분석 기법을 통해 수도권 도시 네트워크의 공간적 연결 모델과 네트워크 구조 특성에 대해 깊이 있는 연구를 진행하였습니다. 또한, 북경-천진-하북 지역을 전체 국가 정부 조달 활동의 컨텍스트 안에서 분석하여, 북경-천진- 하북 지역의 외부 연결 네트워크 구조를 명확히 파악하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면,화물, 공정 및 서비스 프로젝트측면에서 공간적 연결 구조가 모두 북경을 중심으로, 북경-석가장 및 북경-천진 도시 회랑을 주요 축선으로 하는 패턴을 나타냈다. 또한, 북경, 천진, 석가장3개 도시가 네트워크에서 주도적인 위치를 차지하고 있으며, 도시 네트워크에는 여러 개의 응집된 부분군이 존재한다. 이 연구를 통해 북경 천진 하북 지역 도시의 공급 및 수요 네트워크의 공간적 구조가 도시의 경제적 역량, 행정적 장벽, 지리적 거리, 프로젝트의 예산 출처 및 정책 지향성 등 다양한 요인에 의해 영향을 받는다는 것을 확인하였다.