해양레저활동의 체험마케팅 구성요인이 몰입, 만족, 행동의도에 미치는 영향

김효진 경희대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

워라밸(Work-life balance)을 중시하는 문화가 확산되면서 여가활동의 중요성이 높아지고 여가활동의 패턴도 변화하였다. 개인만의 특별한 여가활동을 경험하고 싶어하는 사람들로 인해 체험 중심의 여가활동에 대한 수요가 증가하게 되었다. 특히 해양레저활동의 수요는 해안지역으로의 접근성 향상, 국가의 해양레저산업 관련 정책 마련 및 시설 확충 등의 이유로 더욱 증가할 것으로 보인다. 이러한 현상에 맞춰 앞으로 해양레저산업의 지속적인 성장을 도모하기 위해서는 체험가치를 강조한 연구를 통하여 해양레저활동 체험객들의 만족도를 높여야 한다. 이에 따라 Schmitt(1999)의 체험마케팅을 적용하여 체험객들의 체험욕구를 파악할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 Schmitt(1999)가 제안한 체험마케팅의 다섯 가지 구성요인(감각체험, 감성체험, 인지체험, 행동체험, 관계체험)이 해양레저활동 체험객들의 몰입, 만족, 행동의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 해양레저활동을 체험한 경험이 있는 내국인을 대상으로 2021년 4월 12일부터 2주 간 온라인에서 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문결과 총 315부의 유효한 표본을 수집하여 실증분석에 사용하였고 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체험마케팅의 구성요인(감각체험, 감성체험, 인지체험, 행동체험, 관계체험)이 모두 몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 그 중 감성체험이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 몰입은 만족과 행동의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 만족은 행동의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 체험요인이 해양레저활동 체험객들의 몰입을 높여 만족을 이끌어 내고 재방문과 긍정적인 구전을 유도할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 총체적으로 접근한 체험마케팅을 해양레저활동에 적용시켰다는 학술적 시사점과 해양레저관광산업을 활성화시키기 위한 마케팅 전략방안을 제시하였다는 실무적 시사점을 가지고 있다는 점에서 의미가 있을 것이다. As a culture that values work-life balance has spread, the importance of leisure activities has increased and the pattern of leisure activities has changed. The demand for experience-oriented leisure activities has increased due to people who want to experience their own special leisure activities. In particular, marine leisure activities are expected to become more popular due to improved access to coastal areas, establishing policies related to the country's marine leisure industry and expanding facilities, and so on. In order to promote the sustained growth of the marine leisure industry, not passing popularity, marketer should enhance satisfaction of participants with marine leisure activities. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply Schmitt (1999)'s experiential marketing to research that understand the needs of the marine leisure activities participants. This study is intended to identify the impact of the five components(sense marketing, feel marketing think marketing, act marketing, relate marketing) of experiential marketing on the flow, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. To this end, a survey was conducted online for two weeks from April 12, 2021, for Koreans who have experienced marine leisure activities. As a result of the survey, a total of 315 valid samples were collected and used for empirical analysis, and the analysis results were as follows: First, the components of experiential marketing(sense marketing, feel marketing, think marketing, act marketing, relationship marketing) were all found to have a positive effect on flow, and among them, feel marketing was the most influential. Second, flow appeared to have a positive effect on satisfaction and behavioral intention. Finally, satisfaction also appeared to have a positive effect on behavioral intention. These findings suggest that experience factors can increase the flow of marine leisure activities participants to lead to satisfaction and induce revisit and recommendation. This study can provide academic and practical implications that it has applied holistic experience marketing to marine leisure activities and suggested marketing strategies to boost the marine leisure tourism industry.

보육교사의 여가활동 실태와 만족도가 교사효능감과 직무만족에 미치는 영향

정지혜 우석대학교 교육대학원 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of childcare teachers leisure activities and satisfaction on teacher efficacy and job satisfaction, and to suggest the basis for the improvement of teacher efficacy and job satisfaction of childcare teachers. The subjects of this study were 339 childcare teachers in child care centers in Jeollabuk - do. The three research tools used in this study are as follows. First, in order to evaluate the leisure satisfaction of the child care teachers, i used the tool used by Lee (2016) to adapt the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS) developed by Bearde & Ragheb (1980). Second, in order to measure the teachers efficacy, i used the tool used by Shin, Hye - young (2004) which modified the teachers Science Teaching Efficiency Belief Instrument (STEBI) developed by Enochs and Riggs (1990) Were used. Third, to examine the job satisfaction of childcare teachers, I used the last modified version of Jo Eun-ju (2012), which was produced by Jorde-Bloom (1989) for Early Childhood Job Satisfaction Survey (ECJSS). The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, as a result of studying the actual condition of leisure activities of childcare teachers, childcare teachers mainly enjoy leisure life with their family, and stress relief and rest are preferred reasons. For leisure activities, less than one hour after the weekday working hours and less than 1 hour ~ 2 hours were spent on holidays and leisure activities were performed once or twice a week. Childcare teachers felt that leisure activities were absolutely necessary, and they used less than 100,000 ~ 150,000 Won for leisure activities. After the weekday work hours, they were spending leisure time using other activities such as housework and childcare and on holidays, they were doing leisure activities by meeting with friends. Second, the analysis of the effects of the satisfaction of leisure activities on the teacher efficacy of the childcare teachers revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the general efficacy and the personal efficacy as the sub - factors of the teacher efficacy. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of the satisfaction of the leisure activities of the childcare teachers on the job satisfaction, there were statistically significant differences in the job satisfaction, the working environment satisfaction, the welfare satisfaction, the pay satisfaction, and the social recognition satisfaction. The results of this study suggest that the higher the satisfaction of leisure activities, the higher the teacher efficacy and job satisfaction are. The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data to help to suggest ways to improve leisure satisfaction, teacher efficacy, and job satisfaction of childcare teachers, and to improve teachers working environment. 본 연구는 보육교사의 여가활동 실태와 만족도가 교사효능감과 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 이를 통해 보육교사의 교사효능감과 직무만족을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안 마련의 기초를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 전라북도에 소재한 어린이집에 재직중인 보육교사 339명을 대상으로 연구가 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서 사용된 세 가지 연구도구는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육교사의 여가만족도를 알아보기 위해 Bearde & Ragheb(1980)가 개발한 간편형의 여가만족도(Leisure Satisfaction Scale : LSS)를 번안하여 이다인(2016)이 사용한 도구를 사용하였다. 둘째, 교사효능감을 측정하기 위하여 Enochs와 Riggs(1990)에 의해 개발된 교사의 과학교수 효능감 검사도구(Science Teaching Efficiency Belief Instrument : STEBI)를 일반적인 어린이집 상황에 맞게 수정한 신혜영(2004)의 교사효능감 척도를 사용하였다. 셋째, 보육교사의 직무만족도를 살펴보기 위해 Jorde-Bloom(1989)이 제작한 유치원 직무만족도 측정도구 ECJSS(Early Childhood Job Satisfaction Survey)를 조은주(2012)가 최종 수정한 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육교사의 여가활동의 실태를 알아본 결과, 보육교사들은 주로 여가생활을 가족과 함께 즐기고 있으며 스트레스 해소와 휴식을 선호이유로 밝혔다. 여가활동을 위해 평일 근무시간 이후 1시간 미만과 휴일은 1시간~2시간 미만의 시간을 할애하고 있었으며 주 1~2회 여가활동을 실시하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 보육교사들은 여가활동을 절대적으로 필요하다고 느끼고 있었으며, 여가활동을 위해 10~15만원 미만의 비용을 사용하는 것으로 나타났고, 평일 근무시간 이후에는 기타 활동인 가사와 육아로 여가생활을 보내고 있었으며 휴일에는 모임과 친구와의 만남으로 여가활동을 실시하고 있었다. 둘째, 보육교사의 여가활동만족도가 교사효능감에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 보육교사의 여가만족도가 교사효능감의 하위요인인 일반적 효능감과 개인적 효능감에 대해 모두 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 보육교사의 여가활동만족도가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한 결과, 직무자체 만족도와 근무환경 만족도, 복리후생 만족도, 보수 만족도, 사회적 인정 만족도 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 본 연구를 종합해 보면 보육교사의 여가활동 만족도가 높을수록 교사효능감과 직무만족도도 높게 나타나는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구는 보육교사의 여가활동 만족도와 교사효능감, 직무만족의 향상을 위한 방안 마련을 제시하는데 도움이 될 기초자료로 제공될 것이다.

Leisure Constraints : A comparative study between Mongolian and Korean Residents

Byambasuren Amarjargal 강원대학교 일반대학원 2015 국내석사

This study collected in total 300 surveyed questionnaire from two countries in summer and fall seasons of 2014 and 200 valid samples were finally analyzed. The purpose of this study stated as follows; first, to identify the major leisure activities in two nationalities in the sample, second; to identify the primary leisure constraints in two nationalities in the sample, third; to measure levels of leisure satisfaction in two nationalities in the sample, fourth; to compare participation levels and perceived importance of leisure activities between the demographic groups for two nationalities in the sample, fifth; to compare the importance of leisure constraints between the demographic groups for two nationalities in the sample and finally to compare levels of leisure satisfaction between the demographic groups for two nationalities in the sample. The descriptive statistics, independent samples T-test were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Science Software Program (SPSS). The findings of the study are considered to reveal the most important activities for residents of two countries in terms of frequency of participation and ranked importance. We have found that social based activities such as family gathering, visit friends and relatives, play with children or grandchildren play important roles in the daily life of both countries. Among the 30 leisure activities most participated in both countries, a total of 17 passive activities identified from the list - were rated by both of countries as major important activities, and within the top 10 mean important leisure activities in both countries 6 activities were identified as forms of passive leisure. Therefore, the findings of this study supports that passive leisure activities are playing a dominant role in the leisure activities of Mongolian and Korean population. This study also found that the ranks of participation rate and mean of importance are not the same or similar for all activities in both countries. Some activities have low participation rates with high mean importance (social ballroom dancing in Korean data, fitness, inventing in Mongolian data etc.), whereas some activities have high participation rates with low mean importance (watching movies in Korean data, reading magazine in Mongolian data etc.). Internet surfing activity was with high participation rate and with high mean importance for both countries, therefore the result proves that modern urban people are spending most their leisure time in real social society, In addition, this study reveals that modern urban citizens are willing to seek mountain and water places for their leisure. Visiting mountain and water areas was rated in the top 30 activities and its participation rate was also ranked in the top 30 activities by two countries. Walking was only one activity among the top 10 mean important leisure activities in both countries which requires physical exertion. In consideration of outdoor activities: only three activities such as running, mountain climbing and photography were found in the top 30 leisure activities in terms of frequency of participation and importance of activities in both countries. This findings strongly suggest that outdoor activities considered less important than other forms of activity by Mongolian and Korean residents. The constraints in the findings are indicate that participants of two countries are more affected by structural constraints than by intrapersonal or interpersonal constraints. In the top 20 constraints in both countries, structural constraints such as time, money, transportation, space were a main influence on respondents’ leisure participation. A lack of time is the most constraint factor in both countries. Independent T-test result for participation rate in primary leisure activities, perceived importance of primary leisure activities, importance of leisure constraints and levels of leisure satisfaction between the countries suggest that differences between gender and age is not too remarkable, not significantly different if we compare them in two countries situation. Therefore, the similarities in leisure activities and leisure constraints between two countries can be explained by the facts as stated; First, the majority of samples in this study were young and high educated, white-collar urban residents. Second, as a same Asian nationalities, both countries tended to have collectivistic society. Especially, urban residents in two countries may have similar recreation sites and places such as home or scenic spots, parks, squares in which to spend their leisure time with their family, friends and relatives. Third, for young generation, web is a way of accessing all sizes of information over the Internet. It reduces the distinguishes of one group of people from another in their thinking, feeling and acting attitudes. 본 연구를 위해 2014년 여름과 가을을 걸쳐 한국과 몽골 양국의 총 300 명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 중 200개의 설문조사를 바탕으로 분석을 했다. 본 연구를 통해 확인하고자 하는 목적은 아래와 같다. 1. 양국 국민들의 주요 레저 활동 2. 양국 국민들의 주요 레저 활동에 미치는 제약 요건들 3. 양국 국민들의 레저 활동 만족도 4. 참가자들의 연령별 비교 분석 후 양국 국민들의 레저 활동 중요도 5. 양국 국민들의 레저 활동에 있어서의 제약 요건의 중요도를 연령 별로 비교 마지막으로 양국 국민들의 특정 부류 별 레저 활동 만족도를 비교 분석하였다. 각 설문조사 자료를 SPSS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 양국 국민들의 레저 활동 중요도, 순위, 빈도수 등을 각 사회 연령 및 계층 별로 확인하였다. 그 결과 손자들과 놀아주기, 친척 방문, 가족 여행 가정 위주의 여가 생활이 양국 모두 국민들의 일상생활에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 양국 국민들의 가장 많이 참여하는 30여종의 레저 활동 중 17종은 수동적 레저 활동으로써 양국 국민들이 모두 가장 선호하는 활동으로 분류되었고, 톱 10위에 들어가는 레저 활동 중에 6개는 수동적인 레저 활동인 것으로 양국 모두 같은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 한국과 몽골 국민들은 수동적 레저 활동을 더 중요시 여긴다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 양국 국민들의 레저 활동은 그 중요도, 참여 빈도수에 있어 차이를 보이기도 했다. 일부 레저 활동의 경우 높은 중요도에 비해 낮은 참여를 나타냈다. (한국 데이터에서 사교춤, 몽골 데이터에서 휘트니스 등) 반면, 낮은 중요도에 비해 높은 참여도를 보이는 품목도 있었다. (한국 데이터에서 영화 관람, 몽골 데이터에서 잡지 독서 등) 인터넷 서핑은 양국 모두 참여도와 중요도가 높게 나왔으며, 도시 사람들은 대부분이 여가 시간을 사회 집단 내에서 보내는 것으로 나왔다. 추가적으로 도시에 사는 현대인들은 여가 시간에 시골이나 산과 물을 따라 가기를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 산과 계곡으로 떠나는 것은 가장 중요하고, 참여가 많은 30여종의 레저 활동에 양국 모두 포함되었다. 걷기 운동은 양국에서 똑같이 톱 10위 안에 든 유일한 적극적 활동이었다. 야외 활동 관찰 결과 양국 모두 등산, 사진직기, 뛰기 등 3 가지 활동만이 그 참여도 및 중요도에 따라 상위 30 안에 들어갔다. 이것은 한국이나 몽골 국민들은 야외 활동을 별로 중요시 여기지 않는다는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 야외 활동에 미치는 제약 요소에 있어서 한국이나 몽골은 구조적인 제약이 개인의 심리적 또는 대인 관계에서의 제약 보다 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 제약요소 순위를 보면 톱 20안에 주로 구조적인 제약요소들 즉, 시간, 돈, 교통, 장소 등의 요인들이 들어갔다. 양국 모두의 경우 시간이 부족한 것이 가장 제약을 가하는 요인으로 뽑혔다. 주요 여가 활동 참여도에 대한 T-test 결과와 별도로 주요 여가 활동 중요도, 여가 활동에 미치는 제약 요소의 중요도, 양국 레저 활동 만족도를 비교 분석한 결과 연령과 성별로 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 여가 활동과 여가 활동에 따른 제약에 대한 두 나라 통계에서 유사하게 나타난 것은 다음 세 가지 이유 때문인 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 우선, 설문 조사에 참여한 대다수가 젊고, 높은 교육을 받은 화이트칼라층 도시인들이었다. 두 번째로, 양국 모두 집단주의적 사회의식이 강한 아시아 국가이다. 특히 양국 도시인들이 다 공원, 관장, 경치 좋은 곳 또는 집에서 가족, 친척들과 시간을 보내는 것을 즐긴다. 세 번째로, 젊은 층은 인터넷 사이트를 통해 모든 정보를 얻는다는 것이다. 이것은 각 사회층 사이에 생각, 느낌, 행동의 차이를 좁혀주기도 한다.

Exploring pathways and conditions for flow acquisition among participants in leisure sports activities : focusing on leisure time engagement, passion, rumination, and age

조종완 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2023 국내박사

본 논문은 여가의 일환으로 수행되는 스포츠 활동의 맥락에서 여가 참여자들이 활동에 대한 몰입을 획득할 수 있는 경로와 이에 수반하는 행동적, 심리적, 인구통계학적 조건의 관계를 이론적, 실증적 양 측면에서 분석한다. 여가스포츠 참여자의 몰입은 개인이 얻을 수 있는 행복의 한 종류이며, 참여자는 활동에 대한 몰입을 통해 스스로의 여가 생활 전반에 대한 만족을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이와 관련해 본 논문은 여가 참여시간, 열정, 반추, 연령이라는 세부적인 조건들이 서로 맺는 관계에 따라 몰입 획득의 수준과 형태가 상이하게 나타날 수 있음을 두 가지 연구 모형으로 제시하였다. 이를 논증하기 위해 여가스포츠 활동 상황에서의 몰입과 관련한 연구 모형에 대한 이론적 근거를 제시하고, 연구 모형에 대한 실증적인 분석을 통해 여가스포츠 참여자가 가지고 있는 조건들에 따라 여가활동에 대한 몰입 수준이 상이하게 나타날 수 있음을 분석하였다. 해당 분석에 필요한 데이터를 수집하기 위해 여가스포츠 활동에 정기적으로 참여하고 있는 만 25세 이상 69세 이하의 여가참여자 501명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 연구참여자들은 3개월 이상 연속적으로 즐기고 있는 여가스포츠가 최소 한 가지 이상 존재하는 이들이다. 설문조사에서 얻은 연구데이터는 회귀분석을 기반으로 한 다양한 통계적 분석을 통해 연구 모형을 검정하는 데 사용되었다. 두 연구 모형에 대한 분석을 통해 본 연구에서 종합적으로 발견한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여가 참여시간은 여가 활동에 대한 몰입을 증가시킨다. 다만 조화 열정을 가진 여가참여자들에게 여가 참여시간과 여가 활동 몰입의 관계는 역전된 U 형태를 가진다. 둘째, 여가 활동에 대한 강박 열정은 반추를 경유해 몰입을 감소시키는 효과를 가지지만, 여가참여자의 연령 수준이 높아질수록 해당 효과는 줄어든다. 셋째, 여가 활동에 대한 강박 열정은 그 자체로는 여가 활동 몰입을 강화하는 효과가 있으나, 반추를 경유해 몰입을 저하시키는 효과가 동시에 발생하고 있다는 점에서 몰입에 대해 복합적인 영향력을 가지고 있는 요인이다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 파편적으로 이루어졌던 여가 참여와 몰입, 반추, 열정의 관계를 통합적으로 분석하였고, 그 결과 여가스포츠 활동의 맥락에서 참여자들이 획득할 수 있는 몰입에 대한 경로와 조건에 대한 이해를 보다 확장했다는 점에서 의미를 찾을 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 여가 문헌상에서의 이론적 의의와 실무적 측면에서의 시사점을 제시하였다. In the context of sports activities performed as part of leisure, this research analyzes the pathways through which leisure participants can acquire flow and the relationship between behavioral, psychological, and demographic conditions accompanying it from theoretical and empirical perspectives. Flow in leisure sports activity is a type of happiness that individuals can achieve, and through flow in an activity, participants can improve their overall satisfaction with their leisure life. In this regard, this research proposes two research models that suggest that the extent of flow may vary depending on the relationship between the conditions of leisure time engagement, passion, rumination, and age. The theoretical basis for the research models related to flow in the context of leisure sports activities was presented, and the research models were empirically analyzed that the extent of flow in leisure activities may vary depending on the conditions of leisure sports participants. A survey was conducted among 501 leisure participants aged 25 to 69 who regularly participate in leisure sports activities. Participants were as having at least one leisure sport they had participated in for at least three consecutive months. The data from the survey was used to test the research model through various statistical analyses based on regression analysis. Based on the analysis of both research models, the overall findings of this study are as follows. First, leisure time engagement increases the flow of leisure activities. However, the relationship between leisure time engagement and leisure activity flow is inverted U-shaped for leisure participants with harmonious passion. Second, obsessive passion for a leisure activity reduces flow mediated by rumination, but this effect diminishes as leisure participants’ age increases. Third, obsessive passion for a leisure activity has a compound effect on the flow in that it enhances flow in the leisure activity by itself but also reduces flow through rumination. The contribution of this study is that it provides an integrated analysis of the relationship between leisure engagement and flow, rumination, and passion, which has been analyzed fragment in existing research and extends understanding of the pathways and conditions of flow that participants can acquire in the context of leisure sports activities. Based on these findings, theoretical implications for the leisure literature and practical implications are presented.

중국 노인의 여가활동이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본을 중심으로

팽건교 우석대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내박사

The guarantee of the elderly's life welfare is a basic requirement for the Chinese government when constructing an all-round well-off society construction. With the development of social securities and improvement of social infrastructures, leisure participation has become possible for the elderly. However, both internal and external factors may influence the elderly's subjective well-being. Social networks and psychological quality are closely associated with the life satisfaction of the elderly. Although there were studies about the relationship between leisure activities and life satisfaction in the past, but the study on the influence of leisure activities of the elderly on life satisfaction under the mediating effects of social capital and psychological capital was rare. The purpose of this research is to construct a model on the mechanism of how leisure activities, social capital and psychological capital influence life satisfaction of the elderly in China. Also the study attempts to explore the relationship among leisure activities, social capital, psychological capital and life satisfaction. Based on the analysis, basic data about these variables is obtained and policy suggestions and practical suggestions is provided to improve the life quality of the elderly in China. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the research questions were set up as follows: (1) What is the current status of elderly's leisure participation activities, leisure attitudes, psychological capital, social capital, and life satisfaction? (2) What are the differences between the groups in the participation in leisure activities, leisure attitudes, social capital, psychological capital, and life satisfaction of the elderly according to demographic and sociological characteristics? (3) What is the relationship between leisure activities participation, leisure attitude, social capital, psychological capital and life satisfaction of the elderly? (4) What are the impact of the elderly's participation in leisure activities, leisure attitudes, social capital, and psychological capital on life satisfaction? (5) How do the social capital and psychological capital of the elderly affect participation in leisure activities, leisure attitudes, and life satisfaction as parameters? The subjects of the investigation were the elderly who live in Hebei provinces. This study verified reliability of the questionnaire by conducting small-scale pre-test. After the questionnaire was revised, convenience sampling method was used to collect data. This study collected 67 valid pre-test survey questionnaires and 571 valid questionnaires from a large-scale survey for data analysis. This study used the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs to analyze the data. The analysis includes reliability and validity analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, ANOVA, discriminant validity analysis, path analysis and mediating effect analysis. The results of the study are as follows: First, leisure participation, social capital and psychological capital have been found to have positive influences on life satisfaction of the elderly, but leisure attitude has no positive influence on life satisfaction. Second, leisure participation and leisure attitude have been found to have positive influences on social capital and psychological capital of the elderly. Third, social capital and psychological capital have significant mediating effects on the relationship between leisure activities and life satisfaction of the elderly. Based on the research results, the following suggestions are put forward to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly in our country. First, the government should actively increase the budget for leisure activities for the elderly in my country, build leisure places suitable for the activities of the elderly, and encourage, guide, and develop various leisure activities for the elderly. Second, the government should establish and improve universities for the elderly, and provide them with programs and courses to cultivate their hobbies, so that the elderly can get to know their peers and feel their happiness in activities and studies. Third, the local community should organize elderly groups, provide various types of leisure activities, and support the elderly to expand their positive psychological capital through leisure. Fourth, the community should establish an emotional and psychological support system for the elderly to support the elderly to have a positive and optimistic attitude. In addition, it is also necessary to realize that the leisure activities of the elderly are not only for the elderly, but also for all members of society. Fifth, the leisure activities of the elderly in China have a positive impact on social capital and psychological capital. Therefore, in terms of policies, systems and practices, it is necessary to provide the elderly in our country with opportunities for leisure activities and increase their participation in activities. Sixth, actively mobilize various social and economic organizations to improve the level of leisure activities and life satisfaction of the elderly in our country. Use various socio-economic organizations to improve the leisure experience of the elderly in my country, and build infrastructure to enhance the leisure experience of the elderly in my country through socio-economic organizations. Finally, we must establish the leisure concept of the elderly in China. The elderly in China were mostly born before the 1960s. Affected by economic conditions and social and cultural factors, they continue to lead an ordinary life instead of a leisure life. Therefore, most elderly people in China have no space for leisure. Many elderly people rarely arrange leisure activities after retirement. Instead, they take care of three generations of children full-time or help their children start their own businesses. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the concept of leisure for the elderly in the society, and actively encourage local communities to organize the elderly to participate in leisure. This study uses a structured questionnaire to investigate the factors affecting the life satisfaction of the elderly. Due to the limitations of the research, it is impossible to consider various variables related to leisure activities, social capital and psychological capital. It is necessary to combine quantitative and qualitative research in follow-up research. In addition, it is necessary to expand the research area and research objects of the Chinese elderly. 노인의 생활보장은 복지국가를 건설하는데 있어 중국 정부의 가장 기본적인 요건이라고 할 수 있다. 사회보장제도가 발전하고 사회적 인프라가 개선하면서 중국 노인의 여가활동 참여가 점차 늘어나고 있 다. 이러한 여가 참여는 대내외적 요인을 포함하여 노인의 주관적인 행복에 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 노인의 생활만족도에 밀접한 관련 이 있는 사회관계망과 심리적 요인에 대한 연구들은 중국에서 다수 진행되었다. 하지만 노인의 여가활동이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구에서 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본을 중심으로 이루어진 연구 는 찾아 보기 어렵다. 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본은 현재 노년층이 가지고 있는 매우 중요한 두 가지 무형 자원이며, 많은 연구에서 여 가활동 참여가 노년층의 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본을 구축하는 데 영향을 주는 중요한 요인이라고 밝히고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 여가 활동, 사회적 자본, 심리적 자본이 중국 노 인들의 생활만족도에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지의 메커니즘을 밝히는 것이다. 또한, 본 연구는 여가활동, 사회적 자본, 심리적 자본, 생활 만 족도의 관계를 탐구하려고 시도하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 중국 노인의 생활만족도 향상을 위한 정 책적 제언과 실천적 제언을 제공하려고 한다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달 성하기 위하여 다음과 같이 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 노인의 여가활동 참여와 여가 태도, 심리적 자본, 사회적 자 본, 생활만족도는 어떠한가? 둘째, 인구 사회학적 특성에 따라 노인의 여가활동 참여와 여가 태 도와 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본, 생활만족도는 집단 간에 차이는 어 떠한가? 셋째, 노인의 여가활동 참여와 여가 태도와 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본, 생활만족도는 어떠한 관계가 있는가? 넷째, 노인의 여가활동 참여와 여가 태도와 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향이 어떠한가? 다섯째, 노인의 사회적 자본, 심리적 자본이 여가활동 참여와 여가 태도와 생활만족도와의 관계에서 매개변수로 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가? 본 연구는 허베이성에 거주하는 노인을 대상으로 진행하였고 사전 예비조사를 통해 조사 도구의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 예비조사 결과를 바탕으로 설문지를 수정한 후에는 편의 표본추출 방법을 사용하여 자 료를 수집하였다. 본 연구는 자료 분석을 위하여 예비조사에서 67부, 본 조사에서 571 부를 활용하였으며, SPSS 23.0 및 AMOS 24.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 연구 문제를 해결하기 위하여 빈도분석, 신뢰 도 및 타당성 검증, 일원분산분석, 구조방정식등을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여가 참여와 사회자본, 심리자본 등이 노인의 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 여가 태도는 생활만족도 에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여가 참여와 여가 태도는 노인의 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본 에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본은 노인의 여가활동과 삶의 만족도 사이의 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 중국 노인들의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위 해 다음과 같은 제안하였다. 연구결과를 토대로, 중국 노인들의 생활만족도를 향상하기 위하여 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 중국 노인의 여가활동을 위해 적극적으로 예산 지원하거나 투 입해야 한다. 또한 여가를 즐길 수 있는 괘적한 장소를 제공해야 하 며, 다른 사람들과 교류할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 예산을 투입해야 한다. 둘째, 여가활동을 포함한 노인대학을 설치, 운영하여, 노인들이 자신 의 취미를 발전시키기 위한 프로그램과 교과과정을 제공하여 노인들 이 활동과 학습 중에 또래를 인식하고 그 속의 즐거움을 느끼도록 해 야 한다. 셋째, 지역 사회는 노인집단을 조직화하며 다양한 형식의 여가활동 을 제공하며 여가를 통하여 노인들이 긍정적 심리 자본을 확충하도록 지원해야 한다. 넷째, 지역 사회가 노인들을 위한 정서적, 심리적 지원을 위한 시스 템을 갖추고 노인을 하고, 노인들이 적극적이고 낙천적인 마음을 가 질 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 또한 노인의 여가활동은 노인들만을 위 한 것이 아니라 사회구성원 모두를 위한 것이라는 인식을 가져야 한 다. 다섯째, 중국 노인의 여가활동이 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본에 긍정 적인 영향을 주고 있다. 그러므로, 중국 노인들을 대상으로 여가활동 참여와 기회를 제공하기 위해, 정책적인 지원과 제도적인 지원, 실천 적인 지원이 필요하다. 여섯째, 중국 노인의 여가활동과 생활만족도를 향상하기 위하여 사 회적 경제조직을 활성화할 필요가 있다. 중국 노인을 대상으로 여가 경험을 향상하기 위하여 다양한 사회적 경제조직을 활용할 필요가 있 으며 ,사회적 경제조직을 통하여 중국 노인의 여가 경험을 향상하기 위한 인프라를 구축할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 중국 노인들을 위한 여가 개념을 정립할 필요가 있다. 대부분의 중국 노인들은 1960년대 이전에 태어나 경제 상황과 사회 문화의 영향을 많이 받은 세대이다. 1960년대 이전 태어난 세대는 여 가보다는 생존을 위한 생활을 지속적으로 영위하여 대부분의 중국 노 인들에게는 여가에 대한 마음의 여유가 없다. 많은 노인들이 퇴직 후 3세 자녀를 풀 타임으로 돌보거나 자녀들의 창업을 돕기 위해 스스로 여가 활동을 준비하는 경우는 거의 없다. 이에 학계에서는 노인의 여 가에 대한 개념 정리와 함께 지역사회에서는 여가 참여를 적극적으로 독려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 노인의 생활만족도 영향요인을 파악하기 위하여 구 조화된 설문지를 이용하여 조사를 실시하였다. 조사연구의 한계로 인 하여 여가활동과 사회적 자본과 심리적 자본과 관련된 다양한 변인을 고찰하지 못하였다. 후속 연구에서 양적연구와 질적연구를 병행할 필 요가 있다. 더불어 중국 노인을 대상으로 지역과 조사대상을 확대하 여 연구를 진행할 필요가 있다.

청소년의 여가활동 분석을 통한 여가활용에 관한 연구

양선정 한남대학교 대학원 2001 국내석사

The concern to leisure get higher in the modern society, but leisure activities of adolescence don′t work as so much. It is very important to make good use of their leisure because of the period of the self- identification, and It is not easy to do so, for they don′ t know how to make good use of it and learn how to enjoy it. Therefore this study is to suggest the course for adolescence welfare in that they form their leisure culture. Here, we researched their leisure activities′s kinds to take part in and their level to content according to general, physical, mental, social, environmental satisfaction with the immersion level. Specially we analysed the leisure activities they themselves are contented with. In conclusion, This study comes to as follows: 1. Research on the actual condition in leisure activities. As a result of research about adolescence′ s leisure activities taking part in, playing- recreational activity and viewing- appreciation activity have the major ranks. They usually have one to two or three to four hours as their spare time, and from five to seven for weekend. The main motive of their leisure is for the rest and the breaking the stress, and some students answered to break the daily routine. Concerning the needs of the leisure time, most of them want to have their spare time without reducing study time. 2. Level to content on leisure activities. Generally, boy students are more satisfied with their leisure activities than girls and middle school students are higher than high school students. Also superior in their school work, opulent, membered students of groups are higher than the reverse cases. The most favorite styles in leisure activities are sports and social interaction. As a result, this study suggest some advices The First, they must be taught the education for leisure activities in home, school, welfare institution and youth club etc. The Second, the social welfare institution must activate the program to help them form self- identification and self- esteem through little group activities. The third, we must give them a good space to enjoy playing sports freely. The Fourth, we must help them have the various leisure activities for developing their special quality. The Fifth, the social welfare institution must activate the culture- center for youth. The Sixth, a group activities must be activated by the social welfare institution or social units for youth. The Last, the area for our adolescence must be announced widely.

中學生의 餘暇活動에 對한 實態調査 : 서울市內 中學生을 中心으로

이형운 檀國大學校 敎育大學院 1988 국내석사

This study is a survey of leisure activities of middle school boys and girls. It was performed between Sep. 21, 1988 and Sep. 28, 1988. The total number of selected middle school students is 1025. Through the survey, the difference in leisure activities according t o sex, school grade-basis, on-the-whole basis are iden tified respectively on weekdays, on Saturdays and on Sundays. The evaluation and responses of the students to their own lei sure activities are also included. The result of the survey can be summarized as foliows. 1. The State of Leisure Activities 1) On weekdays (1) In - School Activities ONE - - Chatting with friends (48.6 %) TWO - - Doing Homework (17.6 %) THREE - - Rest and Contemplating (15.7 %) FOUR - - - Doing Exercise (2.4 %) (2) After - School Activities. ONE --- Going home strightly (72.0 %) TWO- - - Doing exercise (2.4 %) (3) At-home Activities ONE---Listening to radio, watching T.V,, and listening to music(49.3%) 2) On saturdays (1) AFTER-School Activities ONE--Meeting friends(17.6%) TWO--Going to the electronic recreation room(6.0%) THREE--Going to the cartoon - shop(2.1%) (2) At-home Activities ONE--Listening to radio, watching T.V, and listening to music. TWO--Rest and taking a bath. THREE--Recreation to each own taste. FOUR--Meeting friends 3) On Sunday ONE--Listening to radio, watching T.V. and listening to music(40.6%) TWO--Religious activities(16.8%) THREE--Meeting friends(9.8%) FOUR - - Studing ( 7 . 3 3/01 FIVE - - Reading magazine, ect. (6.1 %) Generally, their activities on weekdays, Saturdays and on sundays are limited to the restful and passive recreation, 2. Evaluation and Respones to their Own Leisure Activities. 1) To the question about satisfaction with their leisure activities, the positive answer is 57.9% and the negative 42.1 % 2) To the question about in what respects the leisure activities are helpful, they believe that the leisure activities are good for their health, mental and psycho- logical well-be ing. 3) To the question about the factors which impede the lei- sure activities, they answer that "lack in spare time", "lack of parents understanding of their leisure activi- ties", "time for studying", "lack in equipments and facilities for the leisure activities" are the interfer- ing factors. 4) Generally their preference is limited to the passive recreation passive (64.3%), active (35.7 %). But men are more interested in the active recreation than Women, and women are more interested in the passive activities than men. 5) The reason for the preference of the constructive recre- ation is that it is goal for "getting cheerful"(l1.9%), "health" (8.8%), "Stress outlet"(7.6%) 6) Most of the students recognize the worth and necessity of leisure activities.

中學生餘暇活用 指導方案에 關한 硏究

최욱랑 水原大學校 大學院 1992 국내석사

This study is a survey of a guiding principle on leisure activities for middle school students. The total number of selected students is 1080, especially 540 men and 540 women. The result of this survey can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the follows is the result of study on weekdays. The activites at home is limited to the restful and passive recreation, such as listening to radio, watching TV, listening to music, talking with families, and playing the piano or guitar. And in school, the highest activity is chatting with friends(38.5%). After school, most of students (70.1%) answer they go gome straightly, secondly, the result of study on Saturdays is as follows. After school, they mostly meet their friends(12%), and go to the electronic recreation room(4.8%). And at home, they listen to radio, watch TV, meet their friends, enjoy their own hobby, rest, and take a bath. Thirdly, the following is the result of study on Sundays. It shows they mostly listen to radio, watch TV, meet their friends, do religious activities. Generally, their activities on Weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays are limited to the restful and passive recreation. The following is the evaluation and responses to their own leisure activities. To the question about What activities do you want, if permitted, they answer a journey(28%), and doing exercise(11.4%). And to the question about satisfaction with their leisure activities, the positive answer is 54.2%. To the question about the leisure activities are helpful, they answer it's very helpful(64.1%). On the other hand, to the question about the factors which impede the leisure activities, they answer that "lack in spare time(38.8%), "lack of parents' understanding(15.5%), "time for studying", and "lack in eguipments and facilities for the leisure activities" are the interfering factors. Through the survey of the interfering factors, we can get the results as following. Firstly, students don't use their leisure time properly. Secondly, they lack the facilities for leisure activities. Thirdly, they lack the knowledge, the skill, the method, the attitude on leisure activities. Fourthly, their parents don't undertand students, leisure activities well. In conclusion, at home, parents must be interested in students' leisure activities and understand them. At the same time, the school must help the students have the creative sense using systematic plan and productive grouping. It also must provide many facilities enough to use. But the most important thing is a particular concern of soclety. The education administrators have to establish an research institute for activating of leisure. The society, the school, and the home will be connected in all directions through this institute.

섬 노인의 여가활동이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

신영신 전북대학교 행정대학원 2014 국내석사

ABSTRACT The Effects of Leisure Activities on the Life Satisfaction among the Island elderly Shin, Young-Sin Department of Social Welfare The Graduate School Chonbuk National University This study focused on the leisure activities and life satisfaction among the elderly residing in the 6 islands located in the western coast of Korea. Specifically it evaluated the differences of leisure activities and life satisfaction by social demographics through t-tests, and ANOVA. Also it determined the effects of three different kinds of leisure activities (i.e., active leisure, passive leisure, pastime) on the life satisfaction through hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Further, this study conducted in-depth interviews to examine more deeply the life of the islands elderly and the role of leisure activities among them. The results were as follows: First, there were statistically meaningful differences in the active leisure and pastime by age, cohabiting conditions, and physical conditions. for example, the elderly aged between 65 and 69 had the greater scores of the active leisure. The elderly who were living with their partners had more active leisure activities compared with the elderly living alone. Second, the degree of life satisfaction differed by age, cohabiting conditions, and economic conditions. Third, multiple regression proved that active leisure actives improved life satisfaction among the island elderly (p<.05). However, there were no effects of passive leisure activities and pastime on the life satisfaction among the island elderly. Lastly, in-depth interviews showed that inconvenient transportation system was the greatest barrier to have opportunities for the island elderly to be engaged in leisure activities. Infrastructure of leisure activities was found to be very limited. Although most interviewee indicated senior citizen centers or silver halls were the most favorite places of leisure activities, they complained that the building conditions and programs did not fit well into the elder’s needs. Moreover, they pointed out citizen centers or silver halls were scarce. They argued that the government should put into more efforts to build infrastructure and to provide various programs and experts to improve the quality of leisure and life satisfaction among the island elderly. Implications of the study were as follows: First, senior centers and silver halls should be managed more actively and systematically. To do so, local leisure experts should be placed, high quality programs to fit well into the elder’s needs should be developed. Second, governmental financial supports should be provided to install regional infrastructure for the high quality leisure activities. Third, regional characteristics should be considered for the program development. Because the previous studies on the life of island elderly was very limited, this study by the quantitative analysis and supplementing in-depth interviews provided important information to guide future studies on the subject. Following studies were suggested to find out the difference of leisure activities between the island and the in-land elderly, and more comprehensive understanding on the life and welfare of the island elderly. Key Words: Island elderly, leisure activities, life satisfaction.

Relationship among the Determinants of Leisure Activities, Motivation, Satisfaction, and Job Satisfaction of Medical Staff Using Decision Tree

류이원 호서대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

Medical workers in comprehensive tertiary first-class hospitals, they not only undertake important medical services and rescue work, but also undertake medical education, subject research, etc. Medical staff have always been a group that works over time and is under high pressure, implying that they cannot get timely and effective physical and mental relaxation. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of medical staff’s leisure activities, explore the prediction model for the types of leisure activities medical staff engage in, and empirically analyze the relationship among medical staff's motivation for leisure activities, leisure activity satisfaction, and job satisfaction. Specifically: First, as medical staff, working hours are long, work intensity is high, and work pressure is heavy, and they have to put in a lot of physical strength and energy, need to endure continuous learning, and face huge social pressure. This study was to identify the characteristics of leisure activity characteristics of medical staff. Second, this study find out the factors that affect the type of leisure activities of medical staff, and establish a prediction model of the type of leisure activities. Third, this study carried out empirical analysis relationship among medical staff's motivation for leisure activities, leisure activity satisfaction and job satisfaction. In this study, the medical staff of two tertiary first-class hospitals with the largest scale and number of medical staff among the five tertiary hospitals in A City, Sichuan Province, were selected for this study. There are about 5,000 medical staff in the two hospitals. To select the participants out of the approximately 5,000 medical staff, we used convenience sampling. A questionnaire survey was distributed among the participants for one month, starting from January 2022. The questionnaires were distributed, completed, and submitted through the questionnaire distribution website (questionnaire asterisk: www.wjx.cn). Questionnaires were mainly distributed and collected among the medical staff through groups on QQ and WeChat. This study collected 1,700 questionnaires for the actual analysis, out of which, 1,533 valid questionnaires were used and 167 were rejected for having untrue responses or missing contents. The utilization rate was 90.18%. It was found during the field investigation that leisure activities for medical staff included 30 items; therefore, 30 items were selected to measure the leisure activities’ content. To measure the motivation for leisure activities, and leisure activity and job satisfaction of medical staff, re-compiled questionnaires that fit the purpose. The questionnaire consisted of five parts with a total of 55 questions: 9 questions about demographic characteristics, 6 questions about leisure activity characteristics, 12 questions about motivation for leisure activities, 17 questions about leisure activity satisfaction, and 11 questions about job satisfaction. In addition, to verify the feasibility of the questionnaire, two experts in sports humanities and sociology, three doctoral students majoring in sports humanities and sociology, and five medical staff analyzed the factors using the content validity of the questionnaire and the varimax. This study used SPSS 26 to perform reliability analysis, validity analysis, factor analysis, decision tree CHAID analysis, and linear regression analysis. Through these procedures and data analysis, the following conclusions are drawn. First, according to the characteristics of leisure activities, the analysis results of the leisure activities of medical staff showed that: according to the classification of leisure activities in this study, more people participated in positive leisure activity than in passive leisure activity. Nearly half of the medical staff only participated in leisure activities once a week. Most medical staff participated in leisure activities for less than 60 minutes at a time. The main factors that mad medical staff not participate in leisure activities was has no time, followed by being too tired. Second, a breakdown of the types of leisure activities of medical staff showed that: 1) Based on demographic characteristic variables, through the decision tree - CHAID, the decision-making rules for the types of medical staff's leisure activities were identified. The results showed that the title (director of a division, deputy director, section chief, associate professor, associate professor of nursing, professor, and professor of nursing), sex (male), highest education degree (college), and working system (shift system) were more inclined to choose positive leisure activity. 2) Based on leisure activity characteristic variables, through the decision tree - CHAID, the decision-making rules for the types of medical staff's leisure activities were identified. The results showed that twice and three or more than three times of leisure activities per week. The main factors not participate in leisure activities was have no time or financial reasons. Participated in leisure activities for 31-60 minutes or less than 30 minutes, were more inclined to choose positive leisure activity. 3) Based on demographic and leisure activity characteristic variables, through the decision tree - CHAID, the decision-making rules for the types of medical staff's leisure activities were identified. The results showed that twice and three or more than three times of leisure activities per week, age is 40s, the main factors not participate in leisure activities was have no time or financial reasons, and participated in leisure activities for 31-60 minutes or less than 30 minutes, were more inclined to choose positive leisure activity. Third, an empirical analysis relationship among medical staff's motivation for leisure activities, leisure activity satisfaction, and job satisfaction showed that: 1) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on social satisfaction, and cognitive motivation had a significant negative impact on social satisfaction. 2) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on psychological satisfaction. 3) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on physiological satisfaction. 4) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on behavioral satisfaction, and cognitive motivation had a significant negative impact on behavioral satisfaction. 5) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on overall satisfaction, and cognitive motivation had a significant negative impact on overall satisfaction. 6) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on cognitive satisfaction. 7) Social motivation, achievement motivation, and health motivation had a significant positive impact on emotional satisfaction, and cognitive motivation had a significant negative impact on emotional satisfaction. 8) Social satisfaction, and physical satisfaction had a significant positive impact on behavioral satisfaction. 9) Social satisfaction, psychological satisfaction and physiological satisfaction had a significant positive impact on the overall satisfaction. 10) Social satisfaction, and psychological satisfaction had a significant positive impact on cognitive satisfaction. 11) Social satisfaction, and psychological satisfaction had a significant positive impact on emotional satisfaction. This study revealed the influencing factors of the types of medical staff's leisure activities through its characteristics. The decision tree method was introduced for research on the types of leisure activities of medical staff, and its application to the types of leisure activities of medical staff was explored. It is expected to provide a new method for screening leisure activities’ types for medical staff in the future. Furthermore, it provides a basis for the influencing factors of the types of medical staff's leisure activities, and a reference for effectively improving the leisure activity satisfaction and job satisfaction for medical staff. To empirically analyze the correlation among medical staff's motivation for leisure activities, leisure activity satisfaction and job satisfaction. In-depth understanding of the relationship between the three to find an effective way to improve the satisfaction of medical staff leisure activities and job satisfaction, presented targeted suggestions