Factors For the Success of the Franchise of An Phuoc Garment Company in Ho Chi Minh City : Factors For the Success of the Franchise of An Phuoc Garment Company in Ho Chi Minh City

르띠홍눙 숭실대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

프랜차이즈 이러한 요인의 영향, 가맹점 및 프랜차이즈의 성공에 미치는 영향을 탐구하는 테마 "호치민시 푸옥 의류 회사의 프랜차이즈 성공 요인"라는 제목의 연구. 이 이론에 근거하고 여섯 가설의 이론적 모델을 제안 하였다. 예비 연구 (n은 = 250)와 공식적인 연구 (n = 130) 수행되었다 : 정량 조사는 두 단계가 포함되어 있습니다. 설명 분석, 요인 분석, 신뢰도 분석 Cronbach 알파, 그리고 회귀 분석 방법으로 데이터 처리의 방법은 모델과 가설을 테스트하는 데 사용되었다. 브랜드 아이덴티티, 사이트 위치, 마케팅 활동, 전략적 프랜차이즈 개발, 인력 관리, 제품 특성 제품 : 프랜차이즈에 대한 질적 연구를 실시 후 6 요소가 포함되어 있습니다.측정 척도의 신뢰성을 달성하는 연구 개념입니다. 따라서, 초기 연구 모형 제작자에서 수행을 통해 현장 조사는 설명 분석, 신뢰성 분석, 분석 계수, 회귀 분석 그것이 성공에 영향을 미치는 만 4 요소 후 프랜차이즈의 성공에 영향을 미치는 6 요인을했다 : 브랜드 아이덴티티, 위치, 마케팅 노력을 및 제품의 특성. 저자는 프랜차이즈의 성공을 강화하는 솔루션을 제공을 위해, 그래서 이것은 또한 기본입니다. 달성 된 결과는 여전히 극복해야 할 많은 단점이 있습니다 게다가, 제한 건물 연구 모델에 기여하기 위해 추가 연구를위한 전제 조건은 개요 더 많은 인증 솔루션을 제공하는 완벽한 높이입니다. The study titled "The success factors for franchise of An Phuoc Garment Company in Ho Chi Minh City" theme to explore the impact of these factors in the franchise, the impact to the success of the franchisee and the franchisor. Based on this theory, and theoretical models of the six hypotheses proposed. The quantitative survey included two steps: a preliminary study (n = 250) and formal study (n = 130) was conducted. Methods of data processing by means of descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis Cronbach Alpha, and regression analysis was used to test the model and hypotheses. After conducting qualitative research on franchise includes six factors: brand identity, site location, marketing efforts, strategic franchise development, people management, product characteristics products. The measurement scales are research concepts achieving reliability. Thus, through field surveys conducted from initial research model author gave 6 factors affecting the success of the franchise after the descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, analysis factor, and regression analysis only 4 factors affecting the success it is: brand identity, location, marketing efforts and product characteristics. So, this is also the basis for the authors offer solutions to enhance the success of the franchise. Besides the results achieved are still many shortcomings that need to be overcome, the limit is a prerequisite for further research to contribute to building research model is the perfect height to give an overview many more authentication solutions.

Factors and Mitigation Measures for Cost Overrun of Road Construction

Herman Method ZELAMULA 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 도로 건설 사업의 비용 초과 문제와 완화 조치에 관한 것이다. 비용 초과 문제는 탄자니아 도로 건설사업에서도 나타나고 있다. 비용 초과의 원인에 영향을 미치는 요인과 완화 조치에 대해 이해하기 위해 탄자니아의 일부 도로 사업을 포함하여 아시아, 유럽 및 아프리카 여러 국가에서 수행된 연구를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 탄자니아의 사례에서 발견된 14개 핵심요인인 기 성공사에 대한 대금지급 지연, 정치적 간섭, 부적절한 현장 조사, 예측하지 못한 지질상황, 발주처의 의사결정 지연, 자재 가격 변동, 계약자의 느린 지시, 조잡하고 불완전한 설계/도면 및 상세도, 비현실적인 비용 견적, 설계 변경 및 작업 추가에 의한 간섭, 계약자의 비현실적으로 낮은 입찰가격, 부적절한 계약 관리, 당사자 간의 원활한 소통 부족, 계약자의 경험부족과 재정적 어려움을 포함하여 비용초과에 영향을 주는 총 50가지 요인을 발견했다. 본 연구는 또한 탄자니아의 도로 건설사업에서 비용초과를 피하기 위해 채택해야 하는 위 14가지 중요한 요소에 대한 42가지 완화 조치와 아홉 가지 적극 권장되는 완화 조치를 다음과 같이 파악했다. 고객은 각 도로사업에 대한 자금을 충분히 확보하고 할당해야 한다. 발주자는 문서의 처리 및 승인을 신속히 해야 한다. 건설을 시작하기 전에 적절한 부지 평가와 지질 조사를 수행해야 한다. 사업실 행자와 의사결정자 간의 소통에 우선순위를 두고 소통 단절을 방지해야 한다. 사업 구현 시 지연을 방지해야 한다. 도로설계에 경험이 많은 설계자를 고용해야 한다. 숙련된 직원을 갖춘 자격 있는 계약자에게 계약을 발주하는 것을 고 려해야 한다. 발주자팀에는 설계된 사업의 비용 견적 검토를 위한 유능한 견적사가 있어야 한다. 원활한 사업관리를 위해 사업의 계획 및 구현 단계에서 고객이 계약관리에 자격이 있는 팀을 임명해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 방법 (문헌검토, 설문조사)을 채택했으며, 응답자의 의견에 따라 요인과 완화조치의 순위를 정하는 상대적 중요도 지수 (Relative Importance Index, RII)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 또한 이러한 요인이 발주자, 계약자, 컨설턴트 (설계자) 및 외부 요인 등 네 가지 주요 그룹에 의해 발생한다는 것을 확인했다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 비용초과 문제를 방지하기 위해 세 당사자(고객, 계약자 및 설계자/컨설턴트)가 탄자니아 도로 사업의 전체 건설 수명주기 동안 제안된 완화조치를 적용해야 한다고 권장하는 바이다. This study summarizes the cost overrun and mitigating measures in road construction projects. The occurrence of cost overrun is also experiencing in road construction projects in Tanzania. In order to understand the factors influencing to the causes of cost overrun and mitigating measures the literature review has done on studies made from different countries in Asia, Europe and Africa including some roads projects in Tanzania. This study has discovered 50 factors influencing to the cost overrun, comprises the 14 critical factors in Tanzania which are: delay payment of completed works, political interference, inadequate site investigation and unforeseen of ground site condition, delay in decision making by client, materials price fluctuation, slow instruction by contractor, poor and incomplete design/drawing and detailing, unrealistic cost estimates, interference by changing design and addition of works, unrealistic low biding made by contractors, poor contract management, lack of good communication between parties, lack of contractors experience and financial difficulties. This study has also identified 42 mitigating measure of the above 14 critical factors and 9 highly recommended mitigating measures to be adapted to avoid cost overrun in road construction projects in Tanzania which are: Client securing and allocating sufficient fund for each road project; The client should speed up procedural and approval of document; The proper site assessment and ground investigation should be done before starting the construction; Prioritization of communication and avoiding communication gap among the implementing parties and decision makers; Avoiding the delay in project implementation; Using experienced designers in highway ; Considering the awarding a contract to the qualified contractors with experienced staffs; A client team should have a competent quantity surveyor for cost estimate review of the designed projects; A qualified team in contract management should be appointed by client during the project planning and implementation to ensure smooth project management. In this study two methodologies (i.e., literature review and questionnaire) have been used, and analysis has made by using Relative Importance Index (RII) whereby the factors and mitigating measures were ranked according to the respondents’ opinions. The study has also identified that these factors are caused by four mainly groups which are Client, Contractors, Consultant (Designer) and External factors. Therefore, a study has recommended that to avoid this problem of cost overrun, the three implementing parties (client, contractors and designer/consultant) should adapt the proposed mitigating measures during all construction life cycle of roads projects in Tanzania.

Factors affecting consumer purchase intentions for mobile phones : a comparison of Chinese and Korean consumers

Hu Kai Graduate School, Korea University 2017 국내석사

The smart mobile phone market has been developing rapidly in recent years. The smart mobile phone market of China has become an important part of the mobile phone market of the world. China's mobile phone brands have also begun to enter the world and compete internationally. In order to take a competitive position internationally, it is very important to understand the purchasing intentions of consumers and the factors influencing consumers' intentions to buy mobile phones. However, existing literature has little research on the factors that affect the purchasing intentions of mobile phone consumers. Therefore, in order to deepen the understanding of the factors influencing consumer purchase intentions, this study carried out a comparative, international study. This study selected Korean and Chinese consumers as research subjects. According to the findings of this study, brand preference has a positive impact on the purchasing intentions of both Chinese and Korean consumers. However, consumer innovation, friends, selection of salesperson and price have a significant influence only on the purchase intentions of Korean consumers.

Factors in maternal healthcare service utilization in Ethiopia

Teshome Fekadu Gekiro Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei Universit 2023 국내석사

Background: Ethiopia is among the sub-Saharan African countries with the highest maternal mortalities. According to a study by Tiruneh et al. (2022) the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 401/100,000 LBs in 2017. The most maternal deaths result from preventable causes and modifiable factors. The Optimal utilization of antenatal-care, institutional delivery and postnatal care services is a pivotal intervention in substantially reducing these deaths through early problem identification and management, the promotion of health-seeking behavior, preparation of pregnant women for birth, provision of safe and clean delivery, and monitoring of maternal health during 42 days after delivery. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the three major maternal healthcare services utilization and associated factors among Ethiopian mothers in the child-bearing age in 2019. Method: Secondary data analysis was performed based on the Ethiopian mini-demographic and health survey 2019. The survey design was stratified, two-stage cluster sampling. The analysis was restricted to antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care service utilization among women in the age group15-49 years who delivered at least one live child in the previous five years at the survey date. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and binomial logistic regression were performed. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval was calculated, while p-value less than 0.05 was used to determine statistically significant associations among the independent and outcome variables. Result: Prevalence of Antenatal Care, Institutional Delivery and Postnatal Care services utilization rates were: 73.8% [95% CI: 72.4, 75.1], 11.7% [95% CI: 10.7, 12.8], and 53.7% [95% CI: 52.12, 55.24], respectively. The utilization of Antenatal Care, Institutional Delivery and Postnatal Care services were significantly associated with the educational status, media exposure (Radio, Television), region of residence, and skilled healthcare providers. Age of the woman, religion and residence type (urban/rural) are shared determinants of Antenatal Care and Institutional Delivery service utilization, whereas Antenatal Care attendance and frequency of Antenatal Care visits are common significant influencers of Institutional Delivery and Postnatal Care service utilization among the study participants. Conclusion: The utilization rates for Antenatal Care, Institutional Delivery and Postnatal Care services were substantially low. Educational status, media exposure (Radio, Television), region of residence, and skilled healthcare provider were factors significantly associated with all the three components of maternal and child health. Therefore, maternal health-related, policies, strategies, and plans should be designed and approached in a comprehensive, integrated, multi-sectorial and collaborative manner. The common factors associated with the main maternity-services utilization and socioeconomically less privileged regions should be accorded first priority in maternal-healthcare intervention plans in Ethiopia. Key Words: Maternal Mortality Ratio, Antenatal Care, Institutional Delivery, Postnatal Care, Service Utilization, Ethiopia, Associated Factors.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR PREDICTING AMMONIA CONCENTRATION IN A PIG HOUSE AND ESTIMATION OF EMISSION FACTORS

정효혁 서울대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

Ammonia generates fine dust through chemical reactions with sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. Furthermore, ammonia causes various environmental loads. Accordingly, the government included ammonia the list of harmful atmospheric substances in its counterplans for fine dust management. Among ammonia emissions by industry in 2017, ammonia emissions from agriculture were the highest. Ammonia emissions from agriculture consist of emissions from fertilized agricultural land and emissions from livestock industry. In particular, ammonia emissions from the domestic livestock industry have increased by 24 % over the past decade due to the increase in the number of breeding heads. Ammonia produced by the livestock industry is mainly from livestock manure. Therefore, the domestic pig industry, which accounts for the largest proportion of livestock manure generation, is an industry of largest proportion in ammonia emissions. Many previous studies were conducted to estimate and measure ammonia emission of pig house, but there were significant differences depending on measurement facilities and environment. These differences occur because the internal environment of pig house and the characteristics of slurry are different. In order to consider these differences, it is necessary to calculate emissions in consideration of factors influencing ammonia volatilization. Therefore, in this thesis, the estimation model of ammonia concentration in pig house was presented and calibrated. Based on calibrated model, ammonia emission factors of pig houses according to ventilation type were calculated. In addition, methods of ammonia abatement were analyzed through the management of factors influencing ammonia volatilization that calculated as high sensitivity in the sensitivity analysis. The factors influencing ammonia volatilization, and ammonia concentration are measured in the target pig house, and the model was calibrated based on measured data. As a result of the calibration, the R2 value of the model in the weaning pig house and in the former and latter parts of the finishing pig house were 0.906, 0.757, and 0.721, respectively, whereas the RMSE values were 1.12, 2.21, and 2.51 ppm, respectively. Therefore, it was determined that the model could predict the ammonia concentration inside a pig house. The ammonia emissions for mechanically ventilated and naturally ventilated pig houses were calculated through the validated model to estimate ammonia concentrations. The ammonia emissions of a mechanically ventilated weaning and finishing pig house were also calculated for each age; the average EF of a weaning pig was 0.32 kg year-1 head-1 and that of a finishing pig was 2.32 kg year-1 head-1. To calculate the ammonia EF of naturally ventilated finishing pig houses, a model for predicting internal environmental factors was developed using TRNSYS and CFD. The prediction model was validated through the internal and external weather environment measurement data of the naturally ventilated finishing pig house. The ventilation rate, internal air temperature, and slurry temperature were derived by inputting the regional external weather data into the validated model. The ammonia emissions of naturally ventilated finishing pig houses by region were calculated using the models for estimating ammonia concentration. Results showed that the ammonia EF was 2.28 to 3.25 kg year-1 head-1 by region. In addition, the change in internal ammonia concentration according to the change in the factors was observed through the sensitivity analysis of each factor to ammonia concentration; factors with high sensitivity included slurry pH, TAN, and slurry temperature related to slurry characteristics. The abatement methods were summarized by analyzing the previous studies related to ammonia abatement by managing each factor. 암모니아는 대기중에서 초미세먼지를 발생시키는 주요물질이며 다양한 환경부하를 발생시킨다. 이에 따라 정부는 암모니아를 특정 대기 유해물질에 포함시켰다. 국내 암모니아 배출량 중 농업에 의한 배출량이 79.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 농업에서 의한 암모니아 배출은 비료의 토양 시비에 의한 배출과 축산업에 의한 배출로 구성되었다. 특히 국내 축산업에 의한 암모니아 배출은 사육두수의 증가로 지난 10년간 24% 증가하였다. 축산업에 의한 암모니아 배출은 주로 가축분뇨에 의해 발생된 암모니아에 의한 것이다. 가축분뇨 발생의 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 국내 양돈업은 암모니아 배출에 있어서 중요도가 높은 산업이다. 돈사 내부에서의 암모니아 배출량을 산정하기 위하여 많은 연구가 수행되었으나, 측정시설 및 환경에 따라 차이를 보였다. 이러한 차이는 축사에서 배출되는 암모니아는 내부 환경인자 및 분뇨의 특성인자에 따라 배출량이 변화하기 때문이라 판단된다. 이러한 차이를 고려하기 위하여 암모니아 발생에 영향을 주는 인자를 고려하여 배출량을 산정하는 연구가 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 돈사 내부에서 암모니아 발생에 영향을 미치는 인자와 연계하여 내부 농도를 예측하는 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델을 바탕으로 환기구조별 암모니아 배출계수를 제시하고 민감도 분석과 선행연구 분석을 통해 암모니아 발생에 영향을 미치는 인자의 관리를 통한 암모니아 저감방안을 분석하였다. 실험돈사에서 분뇨 특성인자, 내부 환경인자 및 암모니아 농도를 측정하였으며 데이터를 바탕으로 모델의 보검정을 실시하였다. 보정결과, 자돈사, 비육돈사 전기, 비육돈사 후기의 돈사 내부 암모니아 농도 예측모델의 R2는 0.906, 0.757, 0.721로 나타났으며 RMSE는 1.12, 2.21, 2.51로 나타났다. 따라서, 모델이 돈사 내부의 암모니아 농도를 예측할 수 있다고 판단하였다. 검증된 암모니아 농도 예측모델을 통하여 강제환기식 자돈사와 비육돈사, 자연환기식 비육돈사에 대한 암모니아 배출량을 산정하였다. 일령별로 배출계수를 산정하였으며, 자돈의 평균 배출계수는 0.32 kg year-1 head-1, 비육돈의 평균 배출계수는 2.32 kg year-1 head-1로 나타났다. 자연환기식 비육돈사의 암모니아 배출계수 산정을 위하여 BES 상용프로그램 중 하나인 TRNSYS와 CFD기법을 활용하여 내부 환경인자 예측모델을 개발하였다. 자연환기식 비육돈사에서의 내외부 기상 측정을 통하여 자연환기식 비육돈사 내부환경인자 예측모델을 검증하였다. 검증된 자연환기식 비육돈사 내부 환경인자 예측모델에 지역별 외부기상데이터를 입력하여 환기량, 내부온도, slurry온도를 도출하였다. 분뇨의 pH, TAN 일령별 측정결과 및 환기량, 내부온도, slurry 온도를 돈사 내부 암모니아 농도 예측모델에 대입하여 지역별 자연환기식 비육돈사의 암모니아 배출량을 산정하였다. 산정결과, 암모니아 배출계수는 지역별로 2.28 - 3.25 kg year-1 head-1로 나타났다. 또한, 돈사 내 암모니아 농도에 대한 각 인자의 민감도 분석을 통하여 인자의 변화에 따른 내부 암모니아 변화를 관찰하였다. 민감도가 높게 나타난 인자는 분뇨의 특성과 관련있는 분뇨의 pH, TAN이다. 각 인자의 관리를 통한 암모니아 저감 연구를 분석하여 저감방안을 정리하였다.

블로그 만족요인 분류 모델 수립에 관한 연구

김태원 충북대학교 2008 국내석사

As the use of blog increases, research for understanding the phenomenon of using blogs has been conducted. Previous research on blog adopted satisfaction, usage intention, usage, etc. as dependent variables for examining blog usage motivation. These dependent variables give consideration only to a positive aspect of user behavior based on an assumption that “the contrary concept of satisfaction is dissatisfaction and people do not use blogs if they are dissatisfied” This study classified blog satisfaction factors by applying Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, which says that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not on the both extreme ends of a continuous medium but different-dimensional concepts user perceives, and Kano's Dualistic Theory of Quality, which asserts that product quality should be explained both from subjective aspects and objective aspects, to the traditional One Factor Theory for conducting research on blog. Satisfaction factors that affect blog usage were extracted based on previous research, and they were classified into One factors and Two factors. Then, the Two factors were classified into motivation factors and hygiene factors. According to the degree of involvement, the One factors were classified into high involvement factors and low involvement factors. By classifying these four factors, this study verified that gratification and satisfaction are One factors which increase lineally and there exist motivation factors that affect satisfaction and hygiene factors that affect dissatisfaction.

The correlation of personality factors with spiritual gifts clusters

최수동 Andrews University 1993 해외박사

The purpose of the study, the review of related literature and research, the methodology, and the findings are briefly summarized below. The Purpose Research had been undertaken to investigate the possible correlation between temperaments and spiritual gifts (Joachim, 1984) and psychological types and spiritual gifts (Phoon, 1986). These studies found that there are significant correlations between temperaments and spiritual gifts and between psychological types and spiritual gifts. However, far fewer correlations than anticipated were identified, and it was hypothesized that the instruments utilized in these studies may not have been adequate for the research questions. A preliminary study (Naden et al., 1992) examined the possible correlation between the personality factors of the 16 PF and spiritual gifts clusters of the NSGI and hypothesized five predictive models. The strength of the correlations suggested that a full-scale study was warranted. The purpose of this present study was to explore hypothetical predictive models regarding the correlation that exists between the personality factors and five spiritual gifts clusters on the basis of two empirically developed instruments, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the New Spiritual Gifts Inventory, in two contrasting cultures. Review of Related Literature and Research The review of literature was divided into two sections. The first dealt with spiritual gifts; and the second, with personality factors. Among the several Greek words that are translated "gift" in the New Testament, charisma and pneumatikos are prominent. Charisma, which means "gift of grace," uniquely expresses Paul's theology of spiritual gifts, and pneumatikos, which means "gift," and often translated as "spiritual" gift, connotes the idea of sovereign distribution. Other words such as diakonia, enerqema, phanerosis, and domata, along with charisma and pneumatikos, reflect the experience Paul had with spiritual gifts in his own life. Among them, the three words that are used in 1 Cor 12:4-6 (charisma, diakoniai, and enerctemata) express the nature and purpose of spiritual gifts--the term charismata denotes the source of the gifts as divine charis; the term diakoniai means "eager readiness to serve," which implies a purpose to serve others, not the recipient; and the term enercremata means functional "outworkings," to produce results. In his use of these three terms, Paul implies the origin of the gifts, the way in which they are experienced in the church, and the results of ministry using spiritual gifts. Two positions regarding the difference between spiritual gifts and natural talents are noteworthy: one is that spiritual gifts are not related with talents, and the other is that they are virtually the same. Those who distinguish the two believe that spiritual gifts are supernatural, whereas talents are innate in every human at birth. Those who view the conversion experience as the act of giving one's natural talents to God and receiving them back as spiritual gifts are comfortable with the idea of spiritual gifts and personality being intimately correlated. No consensus has been reached concerning a classification of spiritual gifts, but an attempt has been made to establish the main areas of giftedness with the goal of enabling individuals to identify and experiment with a wide range of ministries in the contemporary setting. Several researchers have developed gift inventories to help Christians identify individual giftedness, but only one researcher has published validity and reliability data. It was Cattell who viewed personality as the predictor of behavior and developed questionnaires to study individual personalities by factor analysis. To reveal the underlying structure of personality, Cattell identified source traits and labeled them as factors A=Q_(4). These 16 basic traits are explored in the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. The 16 PF has been used widely in research regarding the correlation between personality patterns and different vocations, with the result that different occupational groups are now characterized by specific personality profiles. Religious professions (e.g., priests) have been included in the identification of personality profiles. Some studies with the 16 PF have revealed that personalities are significantly correlated with different approaches to ministry by clergy. Methodology A correlational research design was used to determine the relationship between 16 personality factors and five spiritual gifts clusters. The instruments used were: 1. The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) by Cattell, Saunders, and Stice, which has 187 questions --each offers a trinomial choice 2. The New Spiritual Gifts Inventory (NSGI) by Naden, which has 20 questions--each offers a choice on a Likert-style 5-point continuum between false and true. These two instruments were used because validity and reliability data have been published that indicate their appropriateness for empirical research. Eight hundred and forty subjects were included in this study which was comprised of students and their spouses of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary, Berrien Springs, Michigan, and undergraduate students of Philippine Union College, Silang, Philippines. Four hundred and thirty-seven sets of instruments were collected over 4 years for the seminarian sample, and 410 sets were administered to students of Philippine Union College. Four hundred and three sets were returned, and of these, 399 (97%) were usable. Two null hypotheses were formulated to be tested statistically. The two hypotheses were tested with six statistical procedures of multiple regression analyses. For each of the hypotheses, only those with a significance level of p<.05 and multiple R-squared of >.1000 were considered. Findings of the Study For Hypotheses 1 and 2, Table 22 (p. 108) presents an overview of the results. Hypothesis 1 Among the seminarian respondents, there is no significant multiple correlation between each of the spiritual gifts clusters and personality factors indicated by the 16 PF. For the seminarian sample, someone high in factors H (friendly, responsive), M (imaginative), and N (shrewd, efficient) was found to have the teacher cluster. Someone high in factors H (bold, venturesome, uninhibited), Q_(3) (self-control), and G (conscientious), and low in factors B (concrete-thinking) and Q_(1) (conservative) was found to have the shepherd/evangelist cluster. Someone high in factors G (persistent, disciplined, ordered), H (active, carefree), O (apprehensive), and Q_(3) (self-control), and low in factors B (concrete-thinking) and Q_(4) (relaxed, composed, unfrustrated) was found to have the supporter cluster. Someone high in factors H (can take stress) and E (ascendance), and low in factor Q_(4) (relaxed, composed, unfrustrated) was found to have the counselor cluster. Someone high in factors H (toughness, sociability), G (conscientious), E (dominant), and Q_(3) (socially precise), and low in factor O (inner peace) was found to have the leader cluster. Table 15 (p. 97) summarizes the results for this hypothesis. Hypothesis 2 Among the Filipino respondents, there is no significant multiple correlation between each of the spiritual gifts clusters and personality factors indicated by the 16 PF. Someone 'high in factors H (bold, venturesome, active), Q_(3) (exacting will power), and A (warm), and low in factor F (sober, serious) was found to have the teacher cluster. Someone high in factors H (bold, venturesome, active), Q_(3) (exacting will power), G (conforming, staid), and A (warm), and low in factor F (sober) was found to have the shepherd/evangelist cluster. Someone high in factors Q_(3) (controlled) and H (active, carefree) was found to have the supporter cluster. Someone high in factors H (bold, sociability) and Q_(3) (socially precise)., and low in factor O (inner peace) was found to have the leader cluster. The regression model for the counselor cluster was not practical, because the proportion of variance explained was too small. Table 21 (p. 107) summarizes the results for this hypothesis.

Major Factors Influencing Safety Communication of Construction Field Workers

사롤 서울대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

건설업은 다른 산업에 비해 산업재해 발생률이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 건설 현장 근로자 간의 안전 커뮤니케이션은 산업재해를 예방하는 데 매우 중요하다. 건설 현장은 역동적이고 끊임없이 변화하는 환경으로, 잦은 조정과 일시적인 공사 기간이 특징이다. 따라서 건설 작업은 근로자가 끊임없이 변화하는 현장과 위험요소 속에서 작업을 수행해야 하므로 다른 산업 분야의 작업보다 더 위험하다. 이처럼 급변하는 작업 환경에서는 건설 현장 근로자 간 안전 커뮤니케이션이 필수적이며, 이를 통해 근로자가 동료로부터 위험 및 안전 정보를 전달받아 위험요소들과 위험을 즉시 인지할 수 있어야 한다. 안전 관리자 및 경영진이 제공하는 안전 교육 등 공식적인 안전 관련 정보도 중요하지만, 함께 일하는 동료는 작업 현장에서 가장 가깝고 안정적인 단위이기 때문에 안전 지식 및 정보의 전달에 있어서 더욱 효율이 높다. 따라서 작업그룹 내 근로자들 간의 안전 커뮤니케이션은 산업재해 예방에 큰 영향을 미친다. 기존 연구에서는 건설 안전 커뮤니케이션이 안전 행동, 안전 성과, 안전 분위기 등 개념에 미치는 긍정적인 영향에 대해 잘 파악되어 있다. 그러나 안전 커뮤니케이션을 개선하는 데에 영향을 미치는 요인 파악에 초점을 맞춘 연구는 거의 없으며, 수행된 선행 연구들의 상당수가 건설 현장의 다양한 직급과 직무를 가진 근로자 간 등 폭넓은 수준의 커뮤니케이션을 조사했다. 반면 본 연구는 건설 안전 커뮤니케이션의 범위를 좁혀 건설 현장의 작업그룹 내 근로자 간 커뮤니케이션에 초점을 맞춘다. 본 연구에서 건설현장 근로자 간의 안전 커뮤니케이션을 개선하는 데에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 파악하는 것이 첫번째 목표이다. 파악된 주요 요인들이 언어 장벽 등으로 소통에 취약한 외국인 건설현장 근로자 집단의 경우 어떤 차이가 있는지를 확인하는 것이 본 연구의 두번째 목표이다. 본 연구는 건설근로자 간의 안전 커뮤니케이션에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들을 구체적으로 파악하기 위해 건설현장에서 육체노동 업무를 수행하는 건설 현장 근로자를 대상으로, 언어적 소통에 문제없는 일반 근로자와 언어적 장벽이 있는 외국인 근로자로 연구대상을 구분하여 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저 체계적인 문헌 검토를 통해 안전 커뮤니케이션에 영향을 미치는 4가지의 주요 요인을 선정했다. 다음 이론적 고찰 결과와 선정된 요인들을 기반으로 연구모형 구축 및 연구 가설을 세웠으며 데이터는 설문조사와 반구조화 인터뷰를 통해 수집했다. 안전 커뮤니케이션에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 소셜 네트워크 분석과 구조방정식 모델링 방법론을 활용했다. 추출된 주요 요인들이 언어적 장벽이 있는 외국인 건설현장 근로자에게 어떤 영향을 주는지 현상학적 질적 연구를 통해 확인하여 요인들의 차이를 파악했다. 소통 취약자인 외국인 근로자 집단의 경우 안전 커뮤니케이션에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 일반 근로자보다 요인별 특성 차이가 있었으며 분석적 계층구조 프로세스를 통해 추가된 요인들을 비교함으로써 건설현장 근로자들에게 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들이 구체적으로 파악되었다. Major Factors Influencing Safety Communication of Construction Field Workers Saruul Ishdorj Department of Architecture & Architectural Engineering The Graduate School Seoul National University The construction industry is known to have a higher rate of occupational injuries compared to many other industries. Therefore, safety communication among construction field workers (CFWs) in construction work crew is crucial in preventing occupational accidents. Construction sites are dynamic and ever-changing environments, characterized by frequent adjustments and temporary durations. This makes construction work more hazardous than work in other industries, as workers must contend with constantly changing conditions and risks. In such a fast-paced environment, safety communication within work crews is essential for ensuring that CFWs are immediately aware of hazards and safety information from their crewmates. While safety training and safety-related information from safety managers and leaderships are important, coworkers who work together are the closest and most stable unit on the job site. Therefore, safety communication between CFWs within a crew has a significant impact on preventing industrial accidents. Previous researches have well-established the positive impact of safety communication on safety behavior, performance, and climate. However, few studies have focused on identifying factors that improve safety communication, and those that have been conducted have examined communication among workers in various position levels and job roles across construction sites. This study narrows the scope of safety communication to focus specifically on worker-to-worker communication within work crews on construction sites. The main objective of this research is to identify the core factors that influence the improvement of safety communication among CFWs. The secondary objective of this study is to determine whether the identified factors differ for a population of foreign construction field workers (FCFWs) who are vulnerable to communication due to language barriers. In order to specifically identify the core factors affecting safety communication among the workers, this study was conducted on workers performing physical labor at construction sites, dividing the study population into general workers without language communication problems and foreign workers with language barriers. First, a systematic literature review was conducted to select four potential major factors that influence safety communication. Then, based on the results of the theoretical review and the selected factors, a research model was constructed and research hypotheses were formulated, and data were collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews. Social network analysis and structural equation modeling methodologies were used to identify factors influencing the safety communication. A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to determine whether the core factors identified were the same or different for FCFWs, and to identify differences in the factors. The factors were found to have different characteristics in the case of FCFWs with communication vulnerabilities than in the population of CFWs, and the major factors were specifically identified by comparing the factors added through the analytical hierarchy process.

Assessment of ecosystem services in the Tumen River Basin based on equivalent factors

DING NING 고려대학교 대학원 2022 국내박사

생태계 서비스 (ESs)는 인류 복지와 사회의 지속 가능한 발전에 중요한 의미를 가진다. 연구에 의하면 생태계 서비스 평가를 정책 결정 제정에 포함시키면, 자연 관리 및 발전계획과 관련된 목표를 실현하는 데 도움이 된다. 두만강 유역 (TTRB)은 동북아시아 지리적 위치의 중심지로서, 현재 생태계서비스에 대한 체계적인 평가를 위한 연구가 부족했다. 따라서, 본 연구는 교정된 등가 인자를 바탕으로 TTRB의 토지이용과 토지피복 (LULC)별 생태계 서비스 가치 (ESVs)를 계산했다. 또한 계산한ESVs를 기반으로 TTRB의 ESs에 대한 체계적인 평가를 했다. 우선, LULC과 ESs의 시공간변화분석을 통해, ESs의 변화는 토지이용/피복변화 (LUCC) 과 교정인자의 영향으로 인해 결정된다는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한, TTRB에은 조절서비스가 주요한 ESs유형이고, 이는 지역사회계와 생태계의 지속가능한 발전에 중요한 역할을 했다. 또한, 산림 지역이 연구지역의 큰 면적비율을 차지하기 때문에, 휴양 (RE) 가치 밖에 삼림의ESVs가 다 가장 컸다. TTRB에서, 습지는 매우 중요한 생태계로서, 단위면적당 제공하는 ESVs는 비교적 컸다. ESs의 공간적 자기 상관에 따르면 ESs 공급의 지속가능성을 확보하기 위해서는 다양한 관리대책을 강구해야 한다. 즉, 연구 기간 내내 존재하는 high-high 집합에 대해서는 사전 예방적(위협이 명백해지기 전에 조치를 취해야 함) 전략을 채택해야 하고, low-low 집합에 대해서는 사후적(위협이 이미 명백해짐) 전략을 채택해야 한다. 삼림 (초원)과 밭의 상호 전환은, 지역 ESVs의현저한 증가나 감소를 야기했다. 통합된 경험 회귀 모델과bivariate Moran's I를 바탕으로, ESs가 LUCC에 현저한 공간의존성을 가진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 토지 이용 강도 (LUI)는 ESs에 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 토지 이용 동태도 (ILUDD)는 양과 음 두가지 방향에서 ESs에 영향을 미쳤다. ILUDD, LUI 와 ESs 변화 간의 공간연관성을 통해, 토지이용전환을 격려하거나 금지하는 공간 정책을 만들 수 있다. 본 연구에서, 식생의 특성, 기후조건, 지형의 특징, 사회경제발전, 경관 지수와 인간활동 등 여러가지 측면의 반영을 통해, ESs의 구동 요소를 선택하였다. 경험적 회귀 분석 모델 (Ordinary Least Square, OLS; Spatial Lag model, SLM; Spatial Error Model, SEM)을 통합함으로써, ESs의 공간 분리 메커니즘을 확정하였다. ESs에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 구동 요소 중에서, 경관과 인위적인 개입 요소는 ESs의 공간 이질성을 더욱 잘 설명할 수 있었다. 특히, 삼림 집합도 (AI_FO)의 “+”성 영향력이 가장 강하고, 도시면적 (AUR)과 도시 집합도 (AI_UR)는 현저한 “-”성 영향력을 가졌다. 주요변수의 영향력과 영향방향의 공간 차이를 이해하면, 관련 공간 계획을 최적화할 수 있고, ESs의사용 효율을 높일 수 있다. 자기 조직화 맵핑 (Self-organizing Map, SOM) 방법을 바탕으로, 조합별 ESs 간의 균형과 협동을 분석한 결과는 대부분의 ESs 사이에 양호한 협동효과가 발생했다. 그 중에서, 주의해야 할 것은 식량 생산량 (FP) 서비스의 증가가 원자재 (RM) 와 급수 (WS) 서비스의 공급을 억제한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. RM서비스는 대부분의 ESs와 “-”의 상관성을 가지고 있고, 반면 조절 서비스의 하위유형사이에는 현저한 협동관계가 존재한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 공간적인 측면으로 봤을 시, ESs 묶음의 구성과 ESs 묶음 별 지리적인 근접성에 따라서 세 가지 기능 구역으로 나눌 수 있었다. 이는, 각 ESs bundle의 우세서비스 유형과 각 기능구역의 사회생태특징에 따라, 합리적인 ESs관리방안을 작성하고, 최적화된 공급망을 형성하여, ESs의 효율적이용을 달성할 수 있다. 본 연구는, Patch-level Land-use Simulation (PLUS) 모델이 국경 지역에서, 미래 LULC의 적용성을 예측 가능하다는 것을 증명하였다. 또한, 자연진화 (NE), 경제발전 (ED)과 생태보호 (EP) 시나리오에서, 여러 LULC의 확장에 현저한 차이가 존재한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 중에서, ED상황에서 밭과 도시의 확장이 가장 크고, 산림과 수역의 감소폭이 가장 크다. 반면, EP상황에서는 산림이 가장 적게 감소하고, 습지와 잔디가 가장 많이 증가했다. 이를 제외하고, EP상황에서는 도시의 확장 속도가 가장 느리고, 마른 농지의 퇴화가 가장 심각한 것을 확인했다. 2018-2036년간, NE와 ED 시나리오에서 ESVs총액은 각각 11.61백만달러와 69.55 백만달러로 감소하고 EP의 ESVs 총액은 53.75백만달러로 증가했다. EP 시나리오에서는 조정 및 지원 서비스가 증가하고, NE 및 ED 시나리오에서는 조정 및 지원 서비스가 감소했다. 이에 비해, 세 가지 시나리오에서, 문화 서비스가 모두 증가한 것을 확인했다. Ecosystem services (ESs) are of great significance for human well-being and the sustainable development of society. Research shows that incorporating the assessment of ESs into decision-making agenda is effective in aiding to the achievement of goals relevant to nature management and development planning. As the geographical center of Northeast Asia, the Tumen River Basin (TTRB) lacked a systematic study revolving around ESs so far. This study calculated multiple ecosystem services values (ESVs) of diverse types of land use and land cover (LULC) in TTRB using adjusted equivalent factors. Based on the estimated ESVs, a comprehensive assessment of ESs in TTRB was conducted in this study. By analyzing variations in LULC and ESs across time and space, it was concluded that changes in ESs were determined collectively by land use/cover change (LUCC) and variations in correction factors. In addition, the primary ESs type in TTRB was regulating services which was critical for the sustainable development of regional socio-ecological systems. Forest provided the highest value in each ESs type except recreation (RE) service because of the largest area proportion in TTRB. Wetland, a critical ecosystem in TTRB, contributed a higher value per unit area to each ESs type. According to the spatial autocorrelation of ESs, diverse management countermeasures should be adopted to ensure the sustainability of ESs supply. Namely, for high-high agglomeration that existed throughout the study period, the proactive (actions should be taken before threats become evident) strategy should be adopted, as to low-low agglomeration, the reactive (threats have already become evident) strategy should be opted. The mutual conversions between forest (grassland) and dry farmland caused apparent increases or decreases in regional ESVs. At the basis of an empirical integrated regression model and bivariate Moran’s I, it was found that ESs had a significant spatial dependence on LUCC. Land Use Intensity (LUI) exerted a negative impact on ESs while Integrated Land Use Dynamic Degree (ILUDD) affected ESs in both directions (positive and negative). With reference to local spatial associations between ILUDD (changes in LUI) and changes in ESs, the spatially-explicit decision-making concerning where the conversion of LULC was encouraged or prohibited could be formulated. In this study, the influential factors of ESs were selected from multiple aspects reflecting vegetation properties, climatic conditions, topographic characteristics, socio-economic development, landscape metrics and human intervention. With a coupled model consisting of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model, Geographical Detector Model (GDM) and Geographical Weight Regression (GWR) model, the mechanism of spatial differentiation of ESs was identified. Among the perceived drivers of ESs, the factors of landscape and human intervention were more powerful to explain spatial heterogeneity of ESs. Particularly, Aggregation Index of forest (AI_FO) had the strongest positive explanatory power while area of urban (AUR) and Aggregation Index of urban (AI_UR) had the significant negative explanatory power. Understanding these spatial divergences of explanatory power and explanatory direction of key variables aided to optimize relevant spatial planning to improve the efficiency of ESs usage. The analysis of trade-offs and synergies between pairwise ESs was based on Self-organizing Map (SOM) method. Generally, the well-developed synergies existed in the most of ESs pairs. Notably, the increase in food production (FP) service was adverse to the provision of raw material (RM) service and water supply (WS) service. RM service was negatively correlated with the majority of ESs. Conversely, there was a significant synergistic relationship between sub-types of regulating services. Spatially, the entire landscape could be divided into three functional zones according to constituents in each ESs bundle and geographical proximity between ESs bundles. In light of dominant ESs types in each bundle and socio-ecological characteristics of each functional zone, the rational management schemes and optimized supply-demand chain of ESs could be formulated to support the efficient usage of ESs. The applicability of Patch-level Land-use Simulation (PLUS) model for the projection of future LULC at the border was manifested in this study. The obvious discrepancies in the expansion of each LULC type were detected under natural evolution (NE), economic development (ED) and ecological protection (EP) scenarios. Dry farmland and urban expanded most in contrast to the largest decreases in forest and water body in ED scenario. Reversely, forest decreased the least and grassland alongside wetland increased the largest in EP scenario. Besides, the sprawl speed of urban was the slowest and the degradation of dry farmland was the most severe in EP scenario. The total ESVs decreased by 11.61 and 69.55 million US$, respectively in NE and ED scenarios while it increased by 53.75 million US$ in EP scenario during 2018-2036. Provisioning services decreased in all the scenarios. Regulating and supporting services increased in EP scenario yet decreased in NE and ED scenarios. In contrast, cultural services increased in all the scenarios. To ensure the sustainable supply of provisioning services, the conservation of cropland should be paid much attention. In line with the changes in ESs under diverse scenarios, feasible tips for policy-making and ecosystems management were proposed to address challenges under different scenarios.

Environmental factors and their impact on growth of Korean hospitals : A longitudinal study

Choy,Yoon Soo 연세대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

Background: The healthcare industry in Korea grew as the economy developed after the end of Korean war. After achieving universal health coverage in 1989, people began to request better quality healthcare at reasonable costs. The hospital market became more competitive after geriatric hospitals emerged as powerful competitors, and quantitative growth was regarded as key for overcoming the competition in the market. Moreover, there was no policy for controlling hospital resources as since the deregulation policy had ended. Meanwhile, as the market competition became tougher, many hospitals with insufficient capital fell into bankruptcy. Thus, Korean hospitals experienced both growth and decline because of changes in environmental factors. However, only a few studies have been conducted on classifying the impact of environmental factors on the quantitative growth of Korean hospitals. Materials and Methods: We developed two different ways of explaining the association between environmental factors and hospital quantitative growth: hospital entry and exit. We collected environmental factors, including uncertainty, complexity, and munificence, based on resource dependency theory. First, we compared the historical trend of hospital quantitative growth with environmental factors from 1980 to 2017. Second, we conducted empirical analysis for examining the association between hospital growth, including hospital entry and exit, and environmental factors from 2005 to 2013. For hospital information, the lists for the years 1980 to 2017 from the Korean Hospital Association (KHA) were utilized, and the data on environmental factors in KOSSDA (Korea Social Science Data Archive) were collected by District unit from 2005 to 2013. We conducted a Poisson regression analysis to explore the association between environmental factors and quantitative growth of hospitals with generalized estimating equation (GEE) and a log link function. Results: From our results, quantities of hospital resources were increased as environmental factors changed; especially, political events (policies) were associated with quantitative growth of hospitals. In our empirical study, environmental factors were associated with quantitative growth of hospitals. The number of hospitals in a region was associated with complexity, munificence such as population, elderly population, and uncertainty factors, such as low level of fiscal self-reliance ratio, and car possession positively. Meanwhile, the number of hospital beds allocated to regions with lower population and a stabilized economy was higher. This is despite the fact that population, amount of elderly population against other age groups, and activated cash flows were positively associated with new hospital entry. On the other hand, these regions were easy to exit, and urban areas, including metropolitan and cities, had a higher risk of exit. Conclusion: From our study results, it was difficult to say which environmental factors impact on hospital growth. However, we revealed environmental factors were associated with hospital factors ecologically. Therefore, policymakers should consider regional variation to make proper policies for both hospitals and regions. In addition, to solve the problem of overwhelmed centralized hospital resources in urban areas, proper policies for resource control, and resource allocation strategies which are equitable and based on necessity, should be promoted. Background: 한국전쟁 후, 한국의 보건의료산업은 경제성장과 더불어 발전해왔다. 1989년 전국민의료보험이 시행된 이래 국민들은 적정 가격의 좋은 품질의 서비스를 요구하기 이르렀다. 병원들은 1980년대 후반 재벌기업이 병원시장으로의 진출을 시작하면서 그들과 대응하기 위해 병원의 몸집을 불리기 시작했고, 병원의 양적 성장이 경쟁에서 살아남는 조건으로 여기기 시작했다. 또한, 요양병원이 2000년대 초반 등장하면서 병원시장에서의 경쟁은 더욱 가열되었다. 게다가 병원 자원에 대한 규제 및 통제가 폐지되면서 그들을 통제하는 방안이 존재하지 않는 실정이다. 반면에 병원시장이 시장경제 원리를 바탕으로 움직이게 되면서 경쟁에서 도태한 병원들은 점차 시장으로부터 퇴출되기 시작했다. 이처럼 병원은 수십년에 걸쳐서 사회환경적 요인에 변화 아래에서 성장과 퇴출을 반복해왔다. 하지만 사회환경적 요인과 병원의 양적성장과의 관계를 규명한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. Materials and Methods: 우리는 병원의 개폐업을 포함한 병원의 성장과 환경요인의 관련성을 밝히기 위해 자원의존논리 (Resource Dependency Theory)을 기반으로 환경요인을 불확실성, 시장의 복잡성, 풍족한 자원으로 나누었다. 그리고 연구를 두가지로 진행하였다. 첫번째, 1980년부터 2017년까지의 병원의 양적 성장과 환경적 요인의 연도별 경향성을 비교하였다. 두번째로, 우리는 2005년부터 2013년까지의 사회환경적 요인과 병원의 양적성장의 관련성을 입증하기 위해 실증적인 연구를 구성하였고, 병원정보는 대한병원협회에서 발간하는 전국병원명부를 이용하였고, 제한적인 자료로 인해 병원의 개업과 폐업을 알 수 없어 조작적 정의를 통해 개업과 폐업을 정의하였다. 사회환경적 요인은 사회과학연구원에서 제공한 시군구 지역통계를 활용하였다. 분석방법은 변수 간의 상관관계를 최소화하기 위하여 일반화 예측모형 (GEE)를 이용하여 포아송 회귀분석을 시행하였고, 분석단위는 시군구로 두었다. Results: 병원의 양적성장과 사회환경적 요인의 연도별 경향성을 비교한 결과, 환경적 요인의 변화에 따라 병원이 양적성장을 거둔 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 불확실성에 해당하는 정책적 요인이 병원의 양적 성장에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 실증적 분석 결과, 지역의 환경요인이 병원의 양적 성장과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 구체적으로, 시장의 복잡성 측면에서 대부분의 병원들은 광역시와 도심에 존재하였고, 그들은 대규모의 병상을 보유하고 있었다. 또한, 풍족한 자원 측면에서는 유아인구 대비 노인인구가 많고, 지역의 불확실성 측면에서는 차 보유율이 높으며 재정적 자립도가 낮은 지역 일수록 많은 병원이 분포하고 있었다. 또한, 이 세가지 환경적 요인, 즉, 지역의 인구, 유아인구 대비 노인인구, 차 보유율은 병원의 개업에도 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있었고, 대규모의 병상을 갖고 있었다. 반면, 환경적 요인은 병원의 폐업에도 영향을 주고 있었다. 도심지역은 농촌보다 더 높은 폐업할 확률이 높았고, 경제인구 대비 노인인구가 높을수록, 차 보유율이 높을수록 폐업할 확률이 높았다. 추가분석을 통해 각 의료기관 종별에 따른 지역의 사회환경적 요인과 병원의 성장 간의 관련성을 본 결과, 병원들은 거대한 자원을 갖고 시장의 복잡성이 높은 도심 지역에 많이 존재하였다. 그리고 자원의 풍부함 측면에서 유아인구 대비 노인인구가 높은 지역일수록, 불확실성 측면에서는 지역 경제의 현금 흐름이 활발할수록 새롭게 병원이 시장진출 할 확률이 높았으나, 동시에 시장이 복잡한 도심지역과, 경제인구 대비 노인인구가 높은 지역에서 병원이 시장 퇴출할 확률이 높았다. 이는 도심지역은 이미 병원시장에서의 다사다난의 구조가 정착하였고, 경제인구가 적은 대신 노인인구가 많은 지역일수록 지역 경제가 이미 성숙기에 접어들어 현금 흐름이 원활하지 않은 지역일수록 병원의 시장 퇴출율이 높아, 병원 개업에 매력적이지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. Conclusion: 본 연구를 통해 병원의 시장 진출과 퇴출에 어떠한 요인들이 영향을 주었는지를 자세히 알 순 없었다. 하지만, 자원 집약적이고 제도주의적 성격을 띄는 병원시장의 특성상, 병원의 양적 성장이 정책적 요인의 영향을 많이 받고, 생태학적으로 지역의 환경적 요인이 병원 성장에 영향을 주고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 보았을 때 정책입안자들은 이미 포화상태이 이른 도심지역보다는 지역의 다양성을 고려하여, 의료서비스를 필요로 하는 지역으로의 진출을 유인하는 정책을 마련해야한다. 또한 수도권으로 쏠려 있는 병원자원들을 지역 간의 격차를 줄이고 형평성에 의거한 자원 할당 정책이 필요하다. 그리고 지역 경제는 병원이 지역의 필요에 따른 수요를 충족하기 위한 시장진출을 야기시키기 위해 지역경제 활성화를 위해 노력해야한다.