Emotion-responsive automated building management for personalized indoor environmental control

김학평 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내박사

In modern built environments, one of the most important things is on managing comfortable indoor environments through advanced smart technologies. These managed environments impact daily experiences of occupants (e.g., comfort, health, and emotional stability etc.). Advanced smart technologies are emerging to optimize these environments autonomously, adapting to individual needs. This concept is commonly referred to as ambient assisted living and personal assistants, particularly in the main context of smart homes, where it plays a crucial role. There’s an increased awareness of the impact of indoor environment quality (IEQ), leading to research exploring the relationship between IEQ factors and human emotions. Emotions play a significant role in human decision-making, and this fact holds true for shaping preferences regarding IEQ conditions. Furthermore, emotion recognition has the potential to revolutionize personalized IEQ control by using numerous data type such as a physiological signal etc. At the same time, the transformative potential lies in social recommender systems that merge user preferences with real-time emotional response to enhance IEQ condition. To integrate these trends, the dissertation aimed to implement “Emotion-responsive automated building management for personalized indoor environmental control” based in human emotion. To achieve the research objective, a three-phase approach was followed. • PHASE 1: In this phase, an in-lab study was conducted to collect private dataset utilizing climate chamber, which provides easy control over IEQ conditions. • PHASE 2: This phase focused on developing an emotion recognition model. A multimodal feature fusion was employed, integrating physiological, environmental, and personal data. • PHASE 3: This phase is to establish an emotion-responsive social recommender system that suggests personalized IEQ conditions to each occupant who share similar emotional patterns. Proposed architecture involves utilizing the physiological data of the occupants to automatically recognize their emotions. Once these emotions are identified, they serve as a guiding factor for implementing an emotion-oriented, more personal approach to IEQ control. By managing the IEQ to the recognized emotional response, proposed architecture presents an opportunity to drastically enhance the overall indoor living experience, making it more responsive to occupant comfort and emotional stability. 현대 건축 환경에서 가장 중요한 것은 첨단 스마트 기술을 통한 편안한 실내 환경의 관리이다. 이러한 관리된 환경은 거주자의 일상 경험 (예: 편안함, 건강, 정서적 안정 등)에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 개인의 필요에 맞추어 이러한 환경을 자동으로 최적화하는 첨단 스마트 기술이 등장하고 있다. 이 개념은 일반적으로 “Ambient Assisted Living” 혹은 “Personal Assistant”로 불리며, 특히 스마트 홈의 주요 맥락에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 거주자에 대한 실내 환경의 영향에 대한 인식이 증가하면서, 실내 환경 요소와 인간 감정 간의 관계를 탐구하는 연구가 활발해지고 있다. 감정은 인간의 의사결정에서 중요한 역할을 하며, 이는 실내 환경 조건에 대한 선호도 형성에도 그대로 적용된다. 또한, 감정 인식은 생리적 신호 등 다양한 데이터 유형을 사용하여 개인 맞춤형 실내 환경 제어에 대한 혁신적인 잠재력을 가질 수 있다. 동시에, 사용자 선호도와 실시간 감정 반응을 결합한 사회적 추천 시스템도 그에 상응하는 잠재력을 가질 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 인간 감정을 기반으로 한 “감정 감응형 자동 건물 관리를 통한 개인 맞춤형 실내 환경 제어 (Emotion-responsive Automated Building Management for Personalized Indoor Environmental Control)”를 구현하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 연구 목표를 달성하기 위해 세 단계 접근 방식이 제안되었다. • PHASE 1: Phase 1에서는 실내 환경 조건을 쉽게 제어할 수 있는 인공 기후 챔버를 활용하여 실험실 연구가 수행되었다 (3장). • PHASE 2: Phase 2에서는 감정인식모델을 개발하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. 이를 위해 생리적, 환경적 그리고 개인정보 데이터를 통합하는 멀티모달 특징 융합이 활용되었다 (4장). • PHASE 3: Phase 3에서는 각 재실자가 유사한 감정 패턴을 공유할 때 개인 맞춤형 실내 환경 조건을 제안하는 감정 반응형 사회적 추천 시스템을 구축하였다 (5장). 제안된 모델 아키텍처는 재실자의 생리적 데이터를 활용하여 그들의 감정을 자동으로 인식하는 것을 포함한다. 이러한 감정이 식별되면, 이들은 감정 중심적이고 더 개인적인 접근 방식을 실내 환경 제어에 구현하는 데 있어 지침이 될 수 있다. 인식된 감정 반응에 따라 실내 환경을 자동적으로 관리함으로써, 전반적인 실내 생활 경험을 극적으로 향상시킬 기회를 제공하며, 이는 재실자의 편안함과 정서적 안정성에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Study on Online Social Support Behavior towards Emotional Eating

김형준 서울대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

Emotional eating is an increase in impulsive and emotional food intake that occurs in response to negative emotions. Establishing proper eating habits is one of the critical factors in maintaining good health. However, people with emotional eating experience negative emotions such as stress and helplessness, responds with abnormally increased appetite, resulting in overeating or excessive eating behaviors. Emotional eating does not only contributes to obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, and other physical and mental illnesses, but it also triggers many eating disorders such as nervous anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Therefore, awareness of emotional eating behavior, and immediate and ongoing observation, diagnosis and management by experts are needed. Nowadays, lots of users with certain disorder participate on online communities, seeking for social support. Social support provided on them are found out to be more effective when the social support seeking and providing behavior makes a match. This study aims to establish a basis for providing adequate feedback to users who show emotional eating symptoms in online communities by analyzing the posts and comments of users, and analyzing their interaction patterns regarding social support seeking and providing behavior. To this end, data from /r/loseit, a group of weight-management subgroups of Reddit, were collected to classify posts with emotional eating symptoms, and to analyze social support seeking and providing behavior of users who displayed emotional eating behaviors through LDA Topic Modeling. Based on these analysis, human coding was performed to investigate patterns of social support provided. The analysis found social support seeking patterns, including expressing negative expression related to emotional eating experiences and sharing information about physical changes or dietary behavior. The patterns of social support on emotional eating behavior showed patterns of emotional support and informational support. The patterns of social support provided were found not to be in an effective way. Based on these results, we suggested the need for a data-driven feedback design which includes consideration for social support seeking type of posts and behavioral patterns to enhance the effectiveness of social support provided in online community. 감정적 식이란 부정적인 감정을 해소하기 위해 발생하는 충동적이고 감정적인 음식물 섭취의 증가 현상을 의미한다. 올바른 식습관을 정립하는 것은 건강을 유지하는 데 있어 중요한 요소 가운데 하나이다. 그러나 감정적 식이 증상을 보이는 사람들은 스트레스, 무력감 등을 비롯한 부정적인 감정을 경험하게 되면 당질 코르티코이드 호르몬의 분비가 촉발되고, 그 결과 식욕이 비정상적으로 증가하면서 폭식이나 무절제한 음식물 섭취 행동을 보인다. 감정적 식이는 비만, 심혈관계 질환, 우울증을 비롯한 여러 육체적, 정신적 질병의 원인이 될 뿐만 아니라 신경성 식욕 부진증이나 병적 과식욕과 같은 여러 이상증상을 촉발한다. 따라서 감정적 식이행동에 대한 자각 및 전문가에 의한 즉각적이고 지속적인 관찰과 진단, 그리고 관리를 필요로 한다. 한편 온라인 커뮤니티는 특정 이상증상이나 질병을 지닌 사용자들에게 사회적 지원을 탐색하고, 또한 다른 사용자들로부터 사회적 지원을 제공받을 수 있는 토대를 제공한다. 온라인 커뮤니티를 통해 사용자들에게 제공된 사회적 지원은 그 양상이 사용자들이 탐색하는 사회적 지원의 양상과 일치할 때 더 효과적인 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구는 사회적 지원 탐색 및 제공 양상을 중심으로 한 온라인 커뮤니티에서의 게시물과 댓글, 그리고 그 상호작용에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 온라인상에서 감정적 식이 증상을 보이는 사용자에 대한 적절한 피드백을 제공하는 토대를 마련하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 Reddit의 체중감량 subreddit인 /r/loseit의 데이터를 수집하여 감정적 식이 증상을 보이는 게시물에 대한 분류와 LDA 기반 토픽모델링을 통해 감정적 식이행동을 보이는 사용자들의 게시물 및 이에 대한 댓글의 양상을 분석했다. 이후 커뮤니티 내에서 일어나는 사회적 지원 탐색 및 제공행위에 대한 상호작용 양상을 살펴보기 위해 수동 코딩을 실시했다. 분석 결과, 감정적 식이행동을 보이는 게시물에서 부정적인 감정과 연관된 폭식행위, 감정적 식이 이후의 자기혐오 및 좌절감, 신체 변화에 따른 부정적인 감정의 표출 등의 디지털 표현형을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 감정적 식이행동에 대한 피드백의 양상은 주로 체중감량이라는 공동의 목표달성을 위한 격려, 부정적인 감정에 대한 위로와 같은 감정적 접근, 개인적인 경험에 근거한 식습관 관련 조언, 건강정보에 대한 공유 등으로 나타났다. 게시물 및 피드백을 사회적 지원의 차원에서 정보적 차원과 감정적 차원으로 분류한 후 실시한 수동 코딩 결과, 감정적 지원 추구 게시물에 대해 힐난, 비아냥 등으로 구성된 부정적인 감정적 지원의 빈도 및 비중이 높아지고, 정보적 지원의 차원에서는 개인적 경험 등에 기반한 주관적 정보지원이 대부분을 이루는 등 사회적 지원이 효과적인 방식으로 이루어지고 있지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 체중감량 커뮤니티의 목표 달성을 위한 긍정적 감정적 지원 및 보다 전문적인 지식에 기반한 정보적 지원을 제공하는 시스템 차원의 피드백 디자인의 필요성을 제시하였다.

Emotional Labor and Job Burnout : A Case of Hotel Employees in China

서쌍군 대전대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

Hotels are one of the industries that emphasize service management. Under the me-ticulous regulation of service management standards, hotel employees have to learn to control their emotions, create a good state of mind and maintain a positive spiritual attitude to provide high quality and professional services to customers. In order to achieve the working condition required by the hotel organization, hotel staff must put in a lot of emotional work, but too much emotional work will inevitably lead to negative effects such as hotel staff job burnout. Job burnout usually has a double negative impact on the hotel staff and the hotel organization, resulting in a tendency for the hotel staff to leave on the one hand and a decrease in the economic efficiency of the hotel organization on the other. Therefore, this study begins to explore the influence of emotional labor on job burnout by analyzing the different degrees of impact they bring to job burnout in terms of two di-mensions of emotional labor (surface behavior and deep behavior) respectively. In order to examine the different roles of the variables in more depth, this study takes the role of perceived organizational support as a moderator and analyzes its moderating role in the relationship between emotional labor and job burnout. To achieve the purpose of the study, a questionnaire survey was conducted with employees working in a number of five-star hotels in China through a targeted online distribution. The valid data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis of the relationship between the variables using SPSS and AMOS software, and the following results were obtained. Firstly, the emotional labor of hotel employees and job burnout had a significant correlation, and the emotional labor of hotel employees directly influenced the degree of job burnout. In emotional labor, there is a significant positive correlation between surface behavior and job burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low sense of achievement. In order to meet the requirements of the organization, employees will make the expression of their emotions unwillingly. The more negative emotions that employees have in their work, the stronger the job burnout will be. This is against the true feelings and always forces themselves to pretend to be happy. In the end, it will bring adverse effects on the psychological health of hotel employees, and cause difficulties in the management of enterprise employees. Secondly, in emotional Labor, there is a significant negative correlation between deep behavior and job burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low sense of achievement.In accordance with the requirements of the organization, employees will make the positive and optimistic expression of their true emotions. The more positive and optimistic the expression is, the weaker the job burnout will be. When employees' inner emotions are consistent with their true emotional expressions, employees will spontane-ously keep their spirits happy and have abundant work motivation, which is conducive to both employees' professional growth and corporate development. At last, employees can make the harmonious progress with the enterprise. Thirdly, the perceived organizational support of hotel employees plays a moderating role between emotional labor and job burnout. Perceived organizational support nega-tively regulates the relationship between surface behavior and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low sense of achievement; perceived organizational support posi-tively regulates the relationship between deep behavior and emotional exhaustion, de-personalization and low sense of achievement. When employees feel good organizational support, they will regulate their emotions according to the rules of emotional expression required by the organization.In this process,deep behavior are more than surface behavior. Employees who can feel a higher perceived organizational support from the organization will tend to choose deep behavior more willingly, thus reducing job burnout and levels of emotional depletion, depersonalization and low sense of achievement. Based on the above findings, this study places emotional labor and job burnout in the context of Chinese hotel organizations, explores the relationship between the two from a localized Chinese perspective, broadens the research field of emotional labor, makes suggestions for improving employee’s job burnout in the hotel industry, and provides a referable direction for the practice of emotional management in the hotel industry.

감정체험과 인지기반 VR Tourism 디자인 요소에 관한 연구

세교 전북대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

As People’s traveling has been restricted due to the pandemic and the Metaverse, location-agnostic virtual reality (VR) tourism caught attention. Despite the ever-changing demands of travelers, the VR tourism industry experiences rapid economic growth. However, current VR tourism development faces challenges, such as limited activity scopes and interactivity, insufficient emotional design elements, and low cognitive efficiency. This study examines the design components of VR tourism products from the perspectives of cognition and the emotional experience, offering advice on enhancing the designs for VR tourism products. It aims at providing effective design guidelines for VR tourism product designers, thereby increasing design efficiency. In this study, the researcher first provided a definition of VR tourism design based on prior research, then developed a conceptual model and proposed hypotheses based on theories of embodied cognition, the ABC Theory of Emotion, and the Attribution Theory of Emotion. The design for VR tourism products was categorized into three levels: "information input" (sensory level), "information processing" (behavioral level), and "information output" (emotional level), and a theoretical model of cognitive and emotional experiences in VR tourism product design was established. The researcher selected a sample of individuals between the ages of 20 and 45 as the subjects of their empirical study and identified key design elements based on the correlation between the dimensions of sensory input, physiological arousal, cognition, and emotional experience. In their first empirical study, Study 1, the researcher conducted theoretical research on the information input at the sensory level of VR tourism product design and did a questionnaire survey. Through the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the results confirmed that the important design elements for sensory input in VR tourism product design were interface, visual angle, information depth, and image quality in visual elements, as well as the sense of direction and spatial awareness in auditory elements. In Study 2, the researcher examined the level of physiological arousal of participants at the behavioral level. They first conducted a theoretical analysis of physiological arousal and galvanic skin response and carried out a questionnaire survey for participants in both VR tourism and non-VR environments. The researcher conducted a T-Test analysis of the collected physiological data, and the results showed that participants had higher levels of physiological arousal in VR tourism environments than in non-VR environments, and were able to maintain high levels of physiological arousal for longer periods of time. In Study 3, the researcher explored the design elements in the cognitive level, using a combination of theoretical analysis and questionnaire surveys to obtain data. Data analysis was conducted by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as correlation analysis. Through the study, it was found that content, process, environment, and function were the design elements that influenced cognition. Study 4 investigated the design elements of emotional experience in the emotional level, using a combination of theoretical analysis and questionnaire surveys to obtain data. Data analysis was conducted by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The study found that culture, experience, memory, and narration were the design elements that influenced emotional experience. Finally, after ensuring the reliability and appropriateness of the questionnaire results, the research hypotheses were validated using structural equation modeling to arrive at the final conclusion. The study found that visual and auditory stimuli had a positive impact on users' emotional experience through physiological arousal and cognition as intermediate factors. In addition, users' physiological arousal had a positive impact on their cognition and emotional experience apparently. Guided by the three-level emotional experience design theory, the design and development of VR tourism products can be effectively carried out. The conclusion of this study provides designers with systematic and effective design guidance to enhance the effectiveness of VR tourism product design. 随着大流行和元宇宙(Metaverse)的混合限制了人们的旅游出行,不限时间和地点的VR旅游开始受到关注。虽然旅游者的需求不断变化,但VR旅游产业经济增长迅速。然而,当前的VR旅游开发存在一些问题,如活动范围和互动有限、缺乏情感设计要素以及认知效率低下。因此,本研究从认知和情感体验的角度出发,探讨了VR旅游产品的设计要素,并提出了改进VR旅游产品设计的建议,旨在为VR旅游产品设计者提供有效的设计指导方针,提高VR旅游产品的设计效率。 在本研究中,研究者首先通过先行研究对VR旅游设计进行了定义。接着,基于“具身认知”(Embodied cognition)、“ABC情感理论”(ABC Theory of Emotion)、“情感归因(Attribution theory of emotion)”理论,建立了概念模型并提出了假设。将VR旅游产品设计分为“信息输入”(感官层)、“信息加工”(行为层)和“信息输出”(情感层)三个设计层次,并建立了基于认知和情感体验的VR旅游产品的设计理论模型。研究者选择20-45岁年龄段的人群作为实验研究对象,并通过对“感官输入、生理唤醒、认知、情绪体验”四个维度的相关性研究,提出了关键的设计要素。 在实证研究中,研究1首先针对VR旅游产品感官层的信息输入展开理论研究并进行了问卷调查,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,确认了VR旅游产品设计中感官层重要的信息输入设计要素为:视觉要素中的界面、可视角度、信息深度和画面质量;听觉要素中的方位感和空间感。研究2进行了行为层中实验者的生理唤醒水平的研究。研究者首先对生理唤醒及皮肤电测量方法进行了理论分析,然后对VR旅游环境内和普通环境内实验者的皮肤电水平进行了测量并进行了问卷调查。研究者对收集的生理数据进行了T-Test分析,结果显示在VR旅游环境中,用户的生理唤醒水平高于普通环境,并且可以维持更久的高水平生理唤醒状态。 研究三探讨了认知层中的设计要素,采用了理论分析法和问卷调查来获得数据。数据分析使用了探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、相关分析等方法,通过研究发现内容、过程、环境、功能是影响认知的设计要素。 研究四探讨了情感层中情感体验的设计要素,采用了理论分析法和问卷调查来获得数据。数据分析使用了探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析等方法。通过研究发现文化因素、体验因素、记忆因素、叙事因素是影响情感体验的设计要素。 最后,在确保问卷结果的可靠性和适当性后,通过结构方程对研究假设进行验证,得出最终结论。研究表明,视觉和听觉通过生理唤醒和认知作为中介因素,对用户的情感体验产生正向影响。此外,用户的生理唤醒对用户的认知和情感体验也具有显著正向影响作用。 通过情感体验三层设计理论指导VR旅游产品的设计工作,能够帮助设计开发者有效开发VR旅游产品。本研究结论可以为设计开发者提供系统而有效的设计指导,提升VR旅游产品的设计有效性。

그림책 비주얼 리터러시를 활용한 프로그램 연구 : 메타인지, 정서지능 및 또래관계를 중심으로

김희정 원광대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내박사

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability of an individual to recognize and express their own emotions while interacting with others, as well as to consider and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others, and effectively regulate them. It is a crucial element in life. The development of emotional intelligence mostly takes place during childhood, particularly in elementary school years. If emotional intelligence does not develop appropriately during this period, it can have negative effects on peer relationships, leading to impulsive and irrational behavior and difficulties in daily life. This not only affects the individual but can also become a social issue. During childhood, most of the emotional experiences are accumulated based on whether their needs are being met, resulting in the accumulation of positive and negative emotions. The picture book used in this study, with the text omitted, provides opportunities to cultivate the ability to interpret and understand visual information. Children subjectively interpret the details, colors, composition, and actions depicted in the illustrations and infer the content, thereby enhancing their ability to interpret visual meaning. Furthermore, picture books without text allow children to create their own stories and stimulate their imagination. They can understand and interpret the emotions depicted in the illustrations, understand the relationships between the pictures, and exercise their imagination to develop and complete the story by engaging with the characters, backgrounds, and events. Additionally, since it does not rely on language, it can enhance the ability to connect and interact with visual information for children with limited language skills. Wordless picture books provide opportunities for visual comprehension, expression of emotions, and practice in emotion regulation, allowing children to participate in the story of the picture book and providing opportunities for cooperation with peers. Based on these considerations, this study aimed to explore the effects of a program utilizing wordless picture books and visual literacy on self-objectification, metacognition, emotional intelligence, and peer relationships. Experimental results were sought to determine whether the program could have a positive impact in these areas. This study selected a total of 40 students, 20 from each of the two 6th-grade classes at Y Elementary School in Iksan City. One class was designated as the control group, while the other class was assigned as the experimental group. The experimental group was further divided into five groups of four students each, totaling 20 elementary school students. Initially, both groups were administered pre-tests using measures of metacognition, emotional intelligence, and peer relationships. Then, starting from March 8th to April 20th, the experimental group engaged in a daily 30-minute activity (during morning sessions) for a total of 18 sessions. The homeroom teachers provided the experimental group with picture book images of a 4-panel story with the text omitted. The experiment involved the children in each group using QR codes to view the wordless picture book images on tablets. They engaged in activities where they inferred the content of the picture book and shared their thoughts about the inferred content with their peers, accepting and supporting the stories of their peers that differed from their own. They also worked on conveying empowering messages to the protagonists of the stories through interpreting, understanding, and empathizing with the non-verbal expressions in the picture book. The focus of this process was not solely on the importance of the picture book's content itself but rather on the experience of positively accepting one's own story by peers and the impact of interpreting, understanding, and empathizing with non-verbal expressions on supporting and comforting others in the context of metacognition, emotional intelligence, and peer relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these experiences on metacognition, emotional intelligence, and peer relationships. After the 18 sessions, both the control and experimental groups underwent post-tests using measures of metacognition, emotional intelligence, and peer relationships. When comparing the pre-test and post-test results, significant differences were observed in metacognition. The average score increased by 0.32 points from the pre-test (M=3.60) to the post-test (M=3.92). Similarly, emotional intelligence showed a significant improvement, with the average score increasing by 0.41 points from the pre-test (M=2.97) to the post-test (M=3.38). Lastly, in terms of peer relationships, the average score increased by 0.40 points from the pre-test (M=3.66) to the post-test (M=4.06), indicating a significant difference. The program results revealed that when children actively engaged with visual information and improved their visual literacy skills, they not only enhanced their ability to interpret and understand visual information but also demonstrated significant improvements in metacognition, emotional intelligence, and peer relationships. They gained a better understanding of their cognitive processes and abilities, and their management thereof. 정서지능은 인간이 살면서 타인과 상호작용하는 과정에서 자신의 감정을 인식하고 표현하는 능력이며, 자신의 감정과 타인의 감정을 고려하여 생각하고 이해하며 이를 효율적으로 조절하는 능력으로 삶에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 정서지능의 발달은 아동기인 초등학교 시절에 대부분 이루어지며 이 시기에 정서지능이 적절하게 발달하지 못하면 또래 관계 형성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 충동적이고 비이성적인 행동으로 일상에 어려움을 겪는 등 개인은 물론 사회문제로까지 이어지기도 한다. 아동기 정서의 대부분은 자신의 욕구 충족 여부에 따라 긍정적인 정서와 부정적인 정서를 경험, 축적하게 된다. 본 연구에서 활용한 글을 생략한 그림책은 시각적 정보를 해석하고 이해하는 능력을 기르는 기회를 제공한다. 아동은 그림의 세부 요소, 색상, 구도, 동작 등을 주관적으로 해석하고, 내용을 추론하는 과정에서 시각적 의미의 해석 능력이 강화된다. 그리고 글을 생략한 그림책은 자신만의 이야기 만들기가 가능하고 상상력을 자극하기도 한다. 그림책 안에 나타난 감정, 그림들 사이의 관계를 이해하고 해석하며, 캐릭터와 배경, 사건들에 상상력을 발휘하여 완성해나갈 수 있다. 그 외에도 언어에 의존하지 않으므로 언어 능력이 제한되는 아동들에게도 시각적 정보들을 연결하고 상호작용할 수 있는 능력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 글을 생략한 그림책은 시각적으로 이해하고, 감정을 표현하고, 감정조절을 연습하는 등 그림책 이야기에 참여할 기회 제공이 가능하므로 또래와 협력하는 기회도 제공한다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 글을 생략한 그림책 비주얼 리터러시를 활용한 프로그램을 통해 학습된 자기 객관화과정이 메타인지와 정서지능 및 또래 관계에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는지에 관해 실험을 통한 결과를 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 익산시에 위치한 Y 초등학교 6학년 2개 학급을 대상으로 각각 20명씩 40명을 선택하였다. 2개 학급 중 한 학급은 통제집단으로, 한 학급은 실험집단으로 정하여 연구를 진행했고, 실험집단은 한 그룹에 4명씩 다섯 그룹으로 구성하여 총 20명의 초등학생으로 편성하였다. 먼저 두 집단을 대상으로 메타인지척도검사, 정서지능척도검사, 또래관계척도검사를 사전에 실시한 후, 실험집단에는 2023년 3월 8일부터 4월 20일까지 하루 30분(아침 활동 시간), 총 18회에 걸쳐 글이 생략된 기승전결의 그림책 이미지를 담임 교사가 제공하였다. 실험은 그룹별 아동들이 QR코드를 이용해 글을 생략한 그림책 이미지를 태블릿으로 본 후 각각 그림책 내용 유추와 유추한 내용에 대해 서로의 생각을 나누는 과정에서 자신과 생각이 다른 또래의 이야기를 수용하고 지지하고 공감하는 경험을 갖고 주인공에게 힘이 되는 메시지를 전하는 작업을 진행한다. 이 과정에서 그림책 내용 자체의 중요성이 아닌 자신의 이야기를 또래에게 긍정적으로 수용을 받아보는 경험과 주인공의 비언어적 표현을 해석하고, 이해하고, 공감하는 과정에서 타인을 지지하고, 위로하는 경험이 메타인지, 정서지능, 또래관계에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 그리고 18회기 이후 통제집단, 실험집단 두 집단 모두 메타인지 척도지와 정서지능 척도지, 또래 관계 척도지를 이용하여 사후검사를 측정하는 방법으로 진행하였다. 프로그램 진행 결과 사전 검사와 사후 검사를 비교하였을 때 메타인지 변화는 사전 검사(M=3.60)에 비해 사후 검사(M=3.92)에서 평균 0.32점 높아져 유의한 차이를 확인하였다. 그리고 정서지능은 사전 검사(M=2.97)에 비해 사후 검사(M=3.38)에서 평균 0.41점 높아져 유의한 차이를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 또래관계의 경우 사전 검사(M=3.66)에 비해 사후 검사(M=4.06)에서 평균 0.40점 높아져 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 프로그램 진행 결과 아동들은 시각적인 정보를 적극적으로 활용한 경험을 통해 비주얼 리터러시 능력이 향상되었을 때 시각적 정보를 해석하고 이해하는 것뿐만 아니라, 자신의 인지과정과 인지 능력을 파악하고 관리하는 메타인지와 정서지능, 또래 관계 모두 높아지는 유의미한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

감정노동전략과 반생산적 과업행위의 관계에서 감정소진의 매개효과에 관한 연구 : 중국 5성급 호텔 종업원을 중심으로

정이지에 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

The term “Emotional labor” is coined by social psychologist Hochschild in 1983.In the fast development of service industry in China, reseachers and organization practicers attach much importance to employee’s emotional labor. This research investigates the effects of emotional labor on turnover intention in a framework made up of emotional labor strategy, counterproductive work behavior and emotional exhaustion. The method of this research is questionnaire survey. The survey subjects come from Chinese 5 star hotel service industry. The data collected are analyzed by correlation analysis, regression analysis, structural equation modeling and so on. The conclusions obtained by this research are as follow: First of all, from the impact of emotional labor on emotional exhaustion, although the deep acting of emotional labor does not affect emotional exhaustion, the surface acting has a negative impact on emotional exhaustion. Second, from the impact of emotional labor on counterproductive work behavior, the surface acting will lead to static image for counterproductive work behavior at organizational and individual levels. That is, the more surface acting is, the more individual or organizational counterproductive work behavior will be in all aspects. But the deep acting of employees has a negative impact on organization and individuals. That is, the more deep acting is, the less individual or organizational counterproductive work behavior in all aspects. Third, according to the research, emotional exhaustion has a static impact on individual and organizational counterproductive work behavior. That is, the more emotional exhaustion are, the more individual or organizational counterproductive work behavior will be. Finally, emotional labor indirectly affects counterproductive work behavior through emotional exhaustion, which completely spreads the surface acting of individual and organizational counterproductive work behavior. That is, surface acting leads to emotional exhaustion, thereby having the negative impact on employees and resulting in individual and organizational counterproductive work behavior. However, according to studies, deep acting directly affects counterproductive work behavior without mediator effect on emotional exhaustion. This thesis studies the impact of emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) and emotional exhaustion on counterproductive work behavior (individual and organizational) and hopes for publishing fundamental information. KEYWORDS : Emotional Labor Strategy, Emotional Exhaustion, Counterproductive Work Behavior.

The Effect of Leader Emotional Labor on Followers’ Work Engagement : Examining the Role of Followers’ PsyCap and Quality of LMX

공준서 경희대학교 2017 국내박사

Leaders’emotions have impact on followers’attitudes and performance. However, research on leaders’ emotions has not explored the psychological process (emotional labor). This is an important gap because leaders do manage their expressions of emotions. Therefore, this study examined how leaders’ emotional labor influence follower’s outcomes. Especially, this study tested how the three forms of leader emotional labor influence followers’ work engagement and mediate the role of psychological capital between leaders’ emotional labor and followers’ work engagement. In addition, this study investigated the quality of Leader Member exchange as moderator in the relationship between leaders’ emotional labor and followers’ psychological capital. The results collected from 469 employees in one of the largest domestic Telecom companies and its related companies revealed that leaders’ emotional labor positively influence followers’ work engagement and Psychological Capital. Especially, leaders’ deep acting and surface acting positively influence followers’ work engagement, but not display of genuine emotion, and leaders’ deep acting positively influence followers’ psychological capital. Futhermore, followers’ psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between leaders’ deep acting and followers’ work engagement. Finally, the quality of leaders’ member exchange as moderator in link between leader emotional labor and followers’ work engagement showed when followers in high-quality of leader member exchange perceived leaders’ deep acting, not other forms of leader emotional labor. 감정노동에 대한 연구는 현장에서 정서의 중요성 인식에 영향을 미치면서 기하급수적으로 증가하여 왔다. 그렇지만, 리더의 감정노동에 대한 연구는 이론적 및 실증적으로 부족한 상황이고, 거의 대부분의 감정노동의 연구는 서비스직 종사원에 국한되어 왔다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 리더의 감정노동이 부하의 직무태도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 구체적으로, 리더의 감정노동의 하위요인(내면행위, 표면행위, 진실행위)이 부하의 직무몰입과 심리적 자본에 미치는 영향을 검토하였고, 리더의 감정노동과 부하의 직무몰입의 관계에서 종사원의 심리적 자본의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 또한, 리더의 감정노동과 부하의 심리적자본 관계에서 상사-부하의 관계의 질에 따른 조절효과를 검토하였다. 국내 통신기업과 그 관련업체를 대상으로 496개의 데이터를 수집하여 구조방정식으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 리더의 감정노동은 부하의 직무몰입에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 리더의 내면행위와 표면행위가 부하의 직무몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 실증적으로 밝힌 결과라는데 의의가 있다. 둘째, 리더의 감정노동은 또한 부하의 심리적 자본에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 리더의 내면행위가 유일하게 부하의 심리적 자본에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 리더의 진정성이 있는 내면행위가 부하의 효능감, 희망,낙관 등과 같은 심리적 자본에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주는 결과라 할 수 있다. 셋째, 리더의 감정노동과 부하의 직무몰입의 관계에서 부하의 심리적 자본이 부분 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 리더들의 감정노동 활동은 부하의 심리적 자본에 영향을 미치고 또한 이러한 결과는 부하의 직무몰입이 높아짐을 의미한다. 구체적으로, 리더의 내면행위는 직무몰입에 직접적인 효과 보다는 심리적 자본을 통한 간접효과가 더 큰것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 리더의 감정노동과 부하의 심리적 자본 관계에서 상사-부하의 관계의 질의 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 리더의 감정노동이 부하의 심리적 자본에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만 부하가 인식한 상사-부하의 관계의 질에 따라 영향의 정도가 달라지고 조절될 수 있음을 의미한다. 즉 리더의 감정노동은 상사-부하의 관계의 질이 높은 집단 일수록 부하의 심리적 자본을 형성하는데 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 구체적으로, 리더가 내면행위을 수행시 높은 집단에서 유의미한 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그동안 감정노동에 대한 선행 연구는 감정노동의 어두운 면(직무소진, 감정소진, 몰개인화)을 주로 나타내어 왔다. 그렇지만, 리더의 감정노동은 부하들에게 긍정적인 효과가 나타나는 것을 실증적으로 증명함으로써, 조직내에서 인사전략, 리더의 역량개발에 적극적인 도입과 확산의 근거를 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다. 또한, 리더의 감정노동과 부하의 심리적 자본의 관계에서 상사-부하의 관계의 질에 따른 조절효과와 리더의 감정노동과 부하의 직무몰입 관계에서 부하의 심리적 자본의 매개효과를 포함한 모델 연구를 통하여 HR관리자 및 실무담당자에게 리더의 감정노동행위 중에 내면행위의 중요한 역할을 실증적으로 제시하였으며, 상사부하의 관계의 질에 따라 효과가 달라 질 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 종사원의 직무몰입 향상을 위하여 고려해야 할 리더의 감정노동과 감정노동의 하위 차원에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Working Environment on Risk of Depression in Service and Sales workers

전해령 서울대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

배경 : 감정 노동으로 인한 정신 건강 문제에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 2016년 1월, 감정노동 종사자의 권리보호 조항이 신설되고 시행된 이후부터 고용주는 안전 보건 정보 (HSI : Health and Safety Information)를 종사자들에게 제공하며 안전을 보장하고 건강을 보호해줘야 하는 의무를 가지게 되었다. 우울 위험 발생에 영향을 주는 근로 환경 요인과 감정 노동 요인을 조사하는 연구가 존재하긴 하지만, 회사가 요구하는 감정 노동 요구 규범(EDR : Emotional Display Rule)이나 HSI와 같은 지침 제공의 배포수준을 파악하거나 우울 위험 발생과의 연관성을 함께 살펴보는 연구는 많지 않다. 또한, 서비스직이나 판매직, 혹은 콜센터 직원과 같은 특정 직업군만을 대상으로 하는 연구가 대부분인데, 정책을 시행할 때는 감정노동을 하는 모든 직업군을 대상으로 하기 때문에, 본 연구의 대상을 서비스직과 판매직으로 포괄하여 선정하였다. 본 연구의 가설은 다음 세 가지다. 첫째, 핑크칼라 직업군의 직장 내 심리위험요소인 Six key factors와 우울증간에 연관성이 존재한다. 둘째, Six key factors와 우울증간의 연관성에는 성별의 차이가 존재한다. 셋째, 감정노동요소와 감정노동지침여부에 따른 우울증 발생간의 연관성에는 차이가 존재한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 산업안전보건연구원 안전보건정책연구실로부터 제5차 근로환경조사(2017) 원자료를 제공받아 분석을 한 단면연구다. 종속변수인 우울 위험 발생은 구조화된 설문지인 WHO-5 웰빙 지수(WHO-5 Well-being Index)를 사용하여 판단하였다. 6차원의 직장 내 심리적 위험요소인 Six key factors(높은 근로강도, 감정노동요소, 자율권 부족, 윤리적 충돌, 저급한 사회적 관계, 고용불안정성) 분포를 살피고 요소여부에 따른 우울 위험 발생률을 카이제곱분석을 통해 제시하였다. 인구학적변수와 기본적인 근로환경요소, 그리고 관심 있는 Six key factors외의 심리적 위험요소들은 공변량으로 설정하여 보정되었다. 표준화 가중치를 적용하여 PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC 분석을 수행하였고 오즈비와 95% 신뢰구간을 제시하였다. 또한 Six key factors 중에서 감정노동요소인 감정 숨김 여부, 화난 고객 상대 여부와, 감정노동 관련 지침인 감정노동요구 규범, 안전정보제공 여부에 따른 우울증과의 연관성을 살펴보기 위해 상호작용분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 : 남성의 경우, 화난 고객을 상대할 때 우울위험 발생이 증가한다(또는 1.66, 95 % CI : 1.05–2.64). 여성의 경우, EDR (OR : 1.26, 95 % CI : 1.03–1.53)을 제공받고 감정을 숨길 때 (OR : 1.36, 95 % CI : 1.15–1.62) 우울 위험 발생이 증가한다. 또한, 여성의 경우, 동료의 지지가 없는 경우 (OR : 1.58, 95 % CI : 1.30–1.93)와 HSI가 제공되지 않은 경우 (OR : 1.40, 95 % CI : 1.18–1.72) 우울증의 위험이 높게 나타났다. 6 key factors 중에 감정 숨김 여부(P = 0.04)와 동료의 지지여부(P = 0.03) 변수들만 우울 위험 발생에 미치는 영향에서 남녀에 따른 차이가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 감정 노동 요소의 존재여부와 EDR 또는 HSI의 제공여부에 따른 우울 위험 발생과의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 남성의 경우 화난 고객을 상대하지 않고 EDR을 제공받지 않는 경우에 비해 화난고객을 상대할 때 우울위험 발생이 증가하였다(OR : 1.94, 95 % CI : 1.14–3.30). 여성의 경우 화난 고객을 상대하고 EDR (OR : 1.73, 95 % CI : 1.00–3.00)을 제공받을 때, 화난 고객을 상대할 때 HSI을 제공받지 못하는 경우 (OR : 1.66, 95 % CI : 1.02–2.71), 우울증 발생 위험이 증가하였다. 또한 감정을 숨기고 HSI을 받지 못하면 (OR : 1.90, 95 % CI : 1.50–2.40), 우울증의 위험이 증가하였다. 감정을 숨기지 않고 EDR을 제공받지 않는 경우에 비해, 감정을 숨기는 경우 우울위험이 증가하였다(OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.51). 또한 감정을 숨기면서 EDR까지 제공받게 되면 그렇지 않는 경우에 비해 우울위험이 증가한다(OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.40–2.31). 하지만 모든 상호작용의 RERI분석 결과 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 없었기 때문에 양의 상호작용이 존재한다고는 말할 수 없다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 남성과 달리, 여성에게서만 감정을 숨겨야 하거나 동료의 지지가 없을 때 우울위험이 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 여성은 남성보다 감정노동에 대한 부담을 더 크게 느껴 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 끼친다는 선행 연구결과가 존재한다. 또한 남성에 비해 여성은 동료의 지지가 삶의 질에 큰 영향을 끼치기도 한다. 산업안전보건 관련 정책은 안전격차(Safety divide) 해소를 위해, 여성를 위한 특화된 안전보건 교육, 건강관리기법 보급 등 지원강화가 이루어질 예정이라고 한다. 본 연구 결과에서 제시한 것처럼, 감정노동을 하는 서비스직, 판매직 여성노동자에 대한 감정 숨김 노동에 대한 강요를 줄이고 동료의 지지를 주고받을 수 있는 환경을 조성해야한다는 내용을 포함한 지침 개정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 업무에 본인의 생각을 적용할 수 있고 본인이 유용한 업무를 한다는 생각을 갖게 하며, 갈등 발생 시 공정한 대우를 해주는 것은 남녀 공통적으로 우울위험에 영향을 미치는 변수였다. 따라서 HSI 개정시, 본 내용이 추가되어 안전한 근로환경이 조성될 수 있도록 시행된다면 서비스직과 판매직 종사자의 우울 위험 발생 예방에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. Introduction : There is a growing interest in mental health problems caused by emotional labor. As of January 2016, the provision of rights protection provisions for emotional workers has been established and implemented, providing health and safety information(HSI), it became obligated to protect workers and provide safety training. There are studies examining the working environment factors and emotional labor factors affecting risk of depression, but studies on how they affect risk of depression through guidelines are insufficient. The service and sales workers should do emotional labor required by the company in accordance with the Emotional Displaying Rules (EDR). However, with the recent revision of Korea's Occupational Safety and Health Act, employers have an obligation to protect emotional workers by provision Health and Safety Information (HSI). The purpose of this study is to investigate the Six key factors of the psychosocial work environment of the service and sales workers, and to analyze the effects on risk of depression using the 5th Korean Working Since there is still a gap in the status of workplaces by gender in Korean society, there are also differences in working environment factors, and the analysis was conducted by dividing gender. Methods : This study is a cross-sectional study that analyzed the raw data of The Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey(2017) from the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. risk of depression was determined using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. After adjusting for the covariates, including demographic and basic working condition variables, logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results : For men, the risk of depression increases when dealing with angry customers(OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.05–2.64). For women, the risk of depression increases when provided EDR(OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53), and when hiding emotions(OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15–1.62). Also, For women, there is a high risk of depression when there is no support from their colleagues(OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.30–1.93), and when HSI is not given(OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18–1.72). Only the effect of variables including hiding emotions (p=0.04) and support (p=0.03) from colleagues on the risk of depression differed by gender. We examined the effects of risk of depression depending on the presence of emotional labor factors and the availability of EDR or HSI. In males, when they did not have EDR, the risk of depression was increased if they deal with angry customers, compared with those who do not need to deal with angry customers(OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.14-3.30). For women, when dealing with angry customers and receiving EDR(OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.00–3.00), when they do not receive HSI while dealing with angry customers(OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.02–2.71), they increase their risk of depression. Also, when they do not receive HSI while hiding emotions(OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.50–2.40), the risk of depression increase with the additive effect. In women, the risk of depression increased more when they received EDR while hiding emotions(OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.40–2.31) than those who did not hide emotions and did not receive EDR. The RERI results of all these interactions were not statistically significant, so it cannot be said that there is a positive interaction. Conclusion : In this study, unlike men, the risk of depression increased significantly when women only had to hide emotions or lack support from colleagues. Previous studies have shown that women feel a greater burden on emotional work than men, negatively affecting mental health. In addition, compared to men, support from colleagues has a significant effect on quality of life for women. In order to bridge the safety divide, policies related to occupational safety and health are expected to strengthen support, such as specialized safety and health education for women and the dissemination of health management. As suggested in the results of this study, it is considered that the guidelines need to be revised, including the need to reduce the stress on labor for emotionally-laboured service workers and sales workers and to create an environment in which peer support can be exchanged. Variables that they can apply their thoughts to work and think that they are doing useful work and give fair treatment in case of conflict influence the risk of depression in both gender. To reduce the incidence of risk of depression, HSI and EDR should be revised in ways that protect workers and should be distributed more widely.

Emotional distress and helping behavior : the moderation effect of mindfulness mediation

이은정 고려대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Throughout empirical research, theoretical and conceptual moderating effect of dispositional ability of emotion regulation (ER) on the relationship between emotional arousal/distress and helping behavior have been proposed. However, the effects and mechanisms of ER vary depending on which strategy is applied. Therefore, how individual person regulates aroused emotional responses may give better implications of the moderating effect of ER on the relationship between aroused emotions/distress and helping behavior than dispositional ability of ER. Using three different brief emotion regulation training (ERT), mindfulness mediation, reappraisal and neutral (control), the moderating effect of ERT was measured. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that ERT significantly moderates the relationship between emotional distress and helping intention. Subsequently, neutral mediation group showed greater emotional distress correlated to reduced willingness to help others. In contrast, mindfulness meditation group showed a significant positive relationship between emotional distress and helping intention. In other words, individuals who felt more emotional distress predicted and facilitated the intention to help in the mindfulness meditation group. Reappraisal group showed a non-significant negative relationship between them. The results confirm moderating role of mindfulness meditation which can be distinguished from reappraisal in the association between emotional distress and helping intention. This finding implies that mindfulness mediation may utilize different processes than cognitive change (reappraisal) and relaxation (control).

특수교사의 정서지능과 심리적 소진 및 교사효능감의 관계

김민미 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, psychological burnout, and teacher efficiency for special education teachers. This study is expected to provide basic information for preventing or reducing psychological burnout of special education teachers and for improving their intelligent and emotional qualifications. The research subjects involved in this study were 173 teachers who worked in special-education schools and special classes in Seoul, Daegu, Busan, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollanam-do. The data of 172 persons were used in the analysis except a copy of the data with faithless answers. The questionnaire of perceived emotional intelligence of teachers, developed by Seunggyu Choi(2001) and used by Hyejeong Cho(2008), was used for measuring emotional intelligence of special education teachers. The psychological burnout test, developed by Jeonghyeon Lee(2013) and reconstructed to be suitable for Korean special education teachers, was used for measuring psychological burnout of special education teachers. The teacher efficiency scales, developed by Seongdeok Seo(2008), was used for measuring teacher efficiency of special education teachers. For the survey method, questionnaires written by Likert rating scale with 5 steps were distributed to the research subjects by visit, mail, and e-mail and they answered the questions of the content. A T-test of the collected data from this study was carried out by making gender of special education teachers independent variables and doing emotional intelligence, psychological burnout, and teacher efficiency dependent variables to verify the differences of emotional intelligence, psychological burnout, and teach efficiency by using SPSS 12.0 Statistical Program. And one-way ANOVA was carried out to examine if there are any difference in psychological burnout and teacher efficiency according to emotional intelligence levels of special education teachers. And a regression analysis was carried out to examine sub factors of emotional intelligence which is related with psychological burnout and teacher efficiency of special education teachers. The results in the study on the relationship among emotional intelligence, psychological burnout, and teacher efficiency are summarized as follow: First, the result which verified the differences of emotional intelligence, psychological burnout, and teacher efficiency according to demographic background(gender, age, teaching experiences, school types, places of work, and class types) of special education teachers has found that there were the significant differences in emotional intelligence and teacher efficiency according to gender. However, it has found that there is no significant difference in emotional intelligence, psychological burnout, and teacher efficiency according to demographic background factors except psychological burnout and gender according to gender. Second, the result which verified the difference of emotional intelligence and psychological burnout of special education teachers has found that there are significant differences in the emotional intelligence level and psychological burnout. That is, the higher emotional intelligence is, the lower psychological burnout is. Third, the result which examined the difference of emotional intelligence and teacher efficiency of special education teachers has found that there are significant differences in the emotional intelligence level and teacher efficiency. That is, the higher emotional intelligence level is, the higher teacher efficiency is. Fourth, the result which examined the sub factors of emotional intelligence that is related with psychological burnout of special education teachers has found that psychological burnout is related with synchronizing themselves and recognizing others’ emotion. Fifth, the result which examined the sub factors of emotional intelligence that is related with teacher efficiency of special education teachers has found that teacher efficiency is related with the factors to control their emotion, synchronize themselves, and treat interpersonal relations. Like this, the results in this study could be found that there are significant differences in emotional intelligence according to gender and the emotional intelligence level is linked to psychological burnout and teacher efficiency.