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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : 윤원영 (검색결과 21 건)
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Preoperative and intraoperative nasal swab study in septorhinoplasty
Septorhinoplasty can bring about some serious complications. Clinically, the most frequent complication is septal infection, which may even cause septal perforation and permanent nasal deformity. Previous research reported the incidence of infections after primary septoplasty to be 2.5%. 1,2 For septorhinoplasty, the incidence gets even higher. There are some antibiotic guidelines for sinus surgery, but up to date antibiotic treatment guidelines for the pre-, and post- septorhinoplasty based on literature seems to be lacking. Furthermore, defining the species of the nasal normal flora is still controversial. This study was carried out to figure out the normal flora of nose prospectively. Nasal swab culture was done for the patients who underwent septorhinoplasty in our institute. Based on the result, we aimed to define the boundaries of normal nasal flora and to suggest guidelines for antibiotics in septorhinoplasty. During 2009 to 2011, 140 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty in Korea University Ansan Hospital was enrolled in this study. Preoperative nasal swab was done from the nasal cavity. Among the 140 patients, 70 patients showed positive preoperative microbial culture. The most frequently isolated organism from nasal cavity was Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, isolated in 31 patients. Enterobacter aerogenes was found in 16 patients and Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in 8 patients. 73 patients underwent both preoperative and intraoperative nasal swab culture. 30 patients showed positive preoperative culture but negative intraoperative culture. Among them, Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes were most frequently detected, consistent with the previous culture result. In conclusion, preoperative and intraoperative nasal swab study in septorhinoplasty presented Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes as the most prevalent intranasal microorganisms. Usage of prophylactic antibiotics targeting both strains, either intravenously or topically, could help reduce the potentially infectious nasal flora and thus prevent postoperative infections after septorhinoplasty.
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Bayesian analysis of a sensitive proportion for a small area : 소지역에서 민감성 비율의 베이지안 분석
응답자들은 응답하기 힘든 민감한 질문을 받았을 경우에 실제 답변을 회피하거나 거짓을 말할 가능성이 높게 된다. 이를 통해 발생할 수 있는 응답 편의를 줄이기 위해 Warner(1965)는 응답자의 응답을 보호해 주는 확률 장치를 사용하는 임의화 디자인을 제안하였다. 이러한 민감한 질문에 대한 응답 편의를 줄이기 위한 다양한 설문조사 디자인이 제시되었으며, 베이지안 관점에서의 추정 및 시뮬레이션 방법들 또한 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 위와 같이 매우 민감한 질문이 포함된 조사에서 민감한 성향의 모비율에 대한 사후 분포 표준편차를 줄이기 위한 방안으로 개별 모델에서 그리드 방법과 깁스 샘플링 그리고 블록 깁스 샘플링을 적용한 베이지안 분석 방법을 제시하였고, 해당 분석 방법들을 적용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻은 사후 표준편차와 최고 사후 밀도 구간을 통해 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 소지역에서 민감성 비율의 사후 분포 표준편차를 줄이기 위한 방안을 제시하였고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻어진 사후 표준편차와 최고 사후 밀도구간 그리고 사후 제곱근 평균 제곱 오차에 근거하여 개별 모델 결과와 소지역 모델의 결과를 비교하였다. 마지막으로 회사에 고용된 직원들을 대상으로 조직몰입과 관련된 민감한 설문 문항을 구성하여 조직별로 실제 데이터를 수집하여, 해당 데이터를 개별 모델과 조직별로 분석한 소지역 모델에 적용하여 결과를 제시하였다.
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Bayesian analysis using Power Priors in the binomial case : 이항의 경우에서 Power Prior를 이용한 베이지안 분석
베이지안 추론은 관심있는 현상에서 이전 실험의 정보를 고려하여 논리적으로 계산된틀을 제공한다. 이것은 이전의 연구를 이용할 수 있고, 현재 분석에 있어 분석자가 관심있는 특징에 대한 지식을 제공 받을 수 있는 임상 실험과 같은 분야에서 매우 적절하다. 본 논문은 이러한 상황에서 과거 유사한 연구의 정보를 활용할 숭 있는 power prior에 대해 살펴보고자한다. power prior의 기본적인 형태는 과거 자료의 훈련표본에 기반한 사전분포의 최신화와 결합화 과정의 결과로써 얻어진다. 이러한 일련의 과정을 이항의 조건에서 구성해보고, power prior의 다양한 경우를 소개하고자한다. 또한 계층적 구조를 가지는 joint power proer를 살표보고, 이계층적 구조에 베타 분포, 절단감마분포를 적용하여 각각의 joint power priorf를 비교하고자 한다
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이 연구의 목적은 화천 지진관측소의 지표와 시추공 지진계에 기록된 상시미동과 원거리 지진자료를 이용하여 배경잡음의 특성을 분석하고, 시추공 지진계의 설치 깊이인 96 m까지의 천부 횡파속도구조를 구하여 이 관측소의 지진학적 부지특성을 정량화하는 것이다. 이 관측소 주변의 배경잡음은 밤 시간대에 비하여 낮 시간대에 지표/시추공(S/B) 잡음에너지비가 12배 크게 나타났으며, 저주파에서 고주파로 갈수록 크게 나타났다. 화천 지진관측소의 지표와 시추공 지진계에 기록된 지진의 스펙트럼을 분석한 결과, 원거리 지진의 경우 지표와 시추공자료의 우세주파수가 일치하였으나, 상대적으로 진앙거리가 가까운 지역지진은 지표와 시추공자료의 우세주파수가 다르게 나타났다. 지표자료의 우세주파수는 8 Hz와 40 Hz 이상에서 나타났으며, 8 Hz는 수평성분/수직성분(H/V) 스펙트럼비로 구한 공명주파수 7.4 Hz와 유사하여 퇴적층에 의한 증폭현상의 영향을 받은 것으로 해석된다. 화천 지진관측소의 상부 10 m 두께를 갖는 토양층의 횡파속도는 H/V 스펙트럼비 방법으로 계산된 공명주파수 7.4 Hz로부터 296 m/s로 계산하였다. 또한, 지표와 시추공자료의 스펙트럼 상관도 분석을 통한 극대값을 갖는 주파수대역과 시추공 지진계가 설치된 깊이 96 m까지의 평균 횡파속도는 수직입사를 가정할 경우 1,309 m/s이다. 계산된 토양층의 횡파속도와 96 m까지의 평균 횡파속도를 이용하여 구한 깊이 10 ~ 96 m 구간에 해당하는 기반암의 횡파속도는 2,150 m/s로 산출되었다. 이 연구를 통하여 밝혀진 화천 지진관측소의 천부 횡파속도 정보는 향후 부지증폭특성 연구에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 예상되며, 배경잡음특성 분석결과를 토대로 양질의 기록자료 획득을 위한 시추공 관측소 확충에 활용 가능할 것으로 기대한다. In this research i analyzed microtremors recorded by both surface and borehole sensors to characterize background noise at the Hwacheon seismic station and teleseismic data to estimate the shear-wave velocity () structure to a depth of 96 m where a borehole sensor was installed. Noise data indicated that the surface-to-borehole energy ratios were approximately 12 times greater during the daytime than the nighttime, while their spectral ratios of amplitude grew as a frequency increased. The spectral analysis of teleseismic events sensed at the surface and in the borehole demonstrated that the dominant frequencies of the data from these two instruments correlated well to each other when the magnitudes were large with long epicentral distances. On the other hand, dominant frequencies did not match well for short epicentral distance events. Peaks of the surface data were detected at 8 Hz and above 46 Hz. The 8 Hz is close to 7.4 Hz derived by the H/V spectral ratio method applied to microtremor data, indicating the amplification effect caused due to soil layers. The velocity of the 10-m thick soil layer () was determined to be 296 m/s. from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of microtremors recorded at the surface. The average shear-wave velocity ( = 1,309 m/s) from the surface to the 96-m depth of a borehole sensors was computed using spectral coherence analyses of data recorded by surface- and borehole-sensors for the three teleseismic events. Using these calculated values of and , the computed bedrock velocity is 2,150 m/s. Through the result of this study, near-surface shear-wave velocity can be used for quantitative evaluation of site amplification and expand seismic station to obtain the high quality observation data.
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This study aims to examine the formation, structure and management of Goguryeo attire system(衣冠制). To that end, relevant Goguryeo historical records were examined, compared with those of Baekje and Silla as well as with those of China. To identify the structure of the attire system, attire data from mural paintings dating back to the 4rth and 5th centuries were examined. To understand the operation of the 6th and 7th century Goguryeo attire system, its relation with the Goguryeo bureaucracy(官僚制) was examined. The court(公會), which was held in the mid-3rd century as described in the Account of "Dongyichŏn"(東夷傳) of Records of Samgukji(三國志), draw attention. The crowns(冠帽), in the court, reflected the political hierarchy of the ruling class including the king. Attendees at the court, however, were said to "decorate their own dresses". Given this, attire system is considered to have been inadequate until the mid-3rd century. In the Jin dynasty(晉:265~419), the dress ordinance was incorporated into the Yul-Ryeong(律令). Goguryeo accommodated Jin's Teasi Yul-Ryeong(太始律令), suggesting that Goguryeo might begin to implement an attire code and rule in around the 4th century when the Yul-Ryeong was proclaimed. Silla, which is considered to have been influenced by Goguryeo , established its attire system along with the proclamation of the Yul-Ryeong, suggesting that possibility. With regard to the structure of the 4th-5th century Goguryeo attire system, the mural paintings of the time were examined; attires worn by officials, described in mural paintings, are outlined as follows. First, the hierarchy of officials was determined by whether to wear a Mookwan(武冠), as well as by Chaek(幘) such as HeakChaek(黑幘)-GeaChaek(介幘)·PyeongsangChaek(平上幘)-JukChaek(赤幘)·SanhyeongChaek(山形幘), with GeaChaek and PyeongsangChaek even distinguishing civil and military officials. Second, the colors of Po(袍), Yoo(襦), and Go(袴) distinguished the hierarchy of their wearers according to purple, red, green and yellow. In particular, the classification of crowns was detailed, suggesting that Goguryeo highly valued crowns of its traditional attire system. Lastly, the operation of Goguryeo attire system was examined on the basis of the 6th and 7th century historical records. According to factual records of the mid-6th century to early 7th century, such as Juseo(周書), Buksa(北史), and Suseo(隋書), crowns distinguished officials from non-officials, and showed their wearers' hierarchy. According to the factual records of mid-7th century and afterwards, Dangseo(唐書), more detailed information was described, indicating that there were crowns rules on at least over three classes of officials on the basis of official posts such as Widudaehyeong(位頭大兄) and Daehyeong(大兄). On the other hand, given the components of the attire system described in the 4th-5th century mural paintings, although the 6th~7th century historical records do not suggest details, suggests the possibility that in the 6th~7th century as well, civil and military officials were distinguished by the attire. From Dangseo(唐書), it is assumed that rules on clothing, belts and shoes existed. As such, in the 6th~7th century, the attire system was closely related to the official rank system(官等制), and the tradition of Goguryeo attire system, which highly valued crowns, was carried on. Goguryeo also developed its attire system in line with the development of its bureaucracy.
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