韓國 河川에서의 log pearson type III 分布의 適用性에 對한 硏究

양정석 서울大學校 大學院 1994 국내석사

인간존중교육 수업모형에 관한 연구 : 가치분석이론을 중심으로

양정석 한국교원대학교 1994 국내석사

국어의 기본구조와 * 자리

양정석 延世大學校 1985 국내석사

한국어 동사의 어휘구조

양정석 연세대학교 대학원 1992 국내박사

L-Carnitine 섭취가 태권도선수의 운동수행능력과 신체구성성분, 혈중지질 및 피로회복에 미치는 영향

양정석 용인대학교 2008 국내박사

본 연구는 L-Carnitine 섭취가 태권도선수의 운동수행능력(최대산소섭취량, 심박수), 혈중지질(TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) 및 피로회복(젖산, 암모니아), 신체구성성분(체중, 체지방, 근육량)에 미치는 영향과 변화를 알아보고 운동시 에너지원의 이용에 따른 생리적 기전들을 비교함으로써 L-Carnitine이 태권도 선수들의 운동 수행능력 향상을 위한 영양 보조물(ergogenic aids)로써 효과적임을 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상은 Y대학에 재학 중인 남자태권도선수 중 5년 이상의 운동경력자로서 총 20명을 randomized block design에 의해 Carnitine 섭취군(N=10)과 운동군(N=10)으로 구분 하였다. Carnitine 섭취군은 1일 아침(1g), 저녁(1g)으로 나누어 총 2g을 투여하였으며 총 10주간(사전, 5주 후, 10주 후)의 실험을 하였고, 이에 따른 자료처리 방법은 SPSS/PC 11.0을 사용하여 측정항목과 평균(M)과 표준편차(SD)를 산출하였고, 각 측정 항목의 시기별, 집단별, 채혈시점의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 three-way mixed(2RG × 3RM × 3RM) ANOVA를 실시하였으며, 사후비교는 contrast(simple, repeated)의 방법으로 검증하여 다음과 같은 결과와 결론을 도출해 냈다. 첫째, 실험 기간, 집단 간에 따른 최대산소섭취량의 변화에는 기간(사전, 5주 후, 10주 후)에서 통계적 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 심박수의 변화에서도 실험 기간에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 둘째, 실험 기간, 집단간에 따른 체중의 변화에는 실험 기간에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며(p<.05), 체지방량의 변화에서도 실험 기간에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 그러나 근육량의 변화에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 실험 기간과 집단, 채혈시점에 따른 TC의 변화는 실험 기간에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며(p<.05), 채혈시점(안정시, 운동직후, 회복시)에 있어서도 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 또한, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C의 변화에서 실험 기간과 채혈시점에 따라 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 넷째, 실험 기간과 집단, 채혈시점에 따른 젖산과 암모니아농도의 변화는 모두 채혈시점에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 총 10주간의 Carnitine섭취군과 운동군의 집단으로 나누어 실험 기간(사전, 5주 후, 10주 후)에 따라 최대운동능력의 최대산소섭취량, 심박수, 혈중 지질의 TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, 피로회복의 젖산과 암모니아농도에 유의한 변화를 나타냈으며 ergogenic aids측면에서 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 본 결과와 선행연구들과 일치하는 결과도 있었고, 일치하지 않은 결과도 있었지만 본 연구의 결과대로 해석한다면 최소 10주 이상과 2g의 Carnitine 섭취는 근육의 손실을 적게 하면서 효율적으로 체지방 및 체중감량을 필요로 하는 태권도와 같은 투기종목의 선수들에게는 다소 긍정적인 변화를 가져오리라 사료된다. 하지만 운동선수들을 대상으로 안정성을 고려한 다량의 L-Carnitine 섭취 효과와 정량 연구에 대한 후속 연구가 꼭 필요 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of L-carnitine intakes on Taekwon-Do athletes' performance (maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate), blood lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), fatigue recovery rate (lactate and ammonia concentration), and body composition (weight, body fat and fat free mass), and to elucidate that L-carnitine is an effective ergogenic aid for improving performance of Taekwon-Do athletes by comparing metabolism of energy sources during exercise. The subjects in this study were Taekwon-Do athletes who were in Y university and had more than five years' experiences. These subjects were 20 people and classified into two groups by randomized block design as carnitine intake group (N=10) and exercise group (N=10). To the carnitine intake group, two grams of L-carnitine was fed everyday in the morning (1 g) and in the evening (1 g), and total 10 weeks (pre-treatment, after 5 weeks and after 10 weeks) was taken for this experiment. All data were represented by mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) using SPSS/PC (ver. 11.0), and tree-way mixed (2RG x 3RM x 3RM) ANOVA was used to find statistical significance in treatment period, groups and blood-gathering point. Also, the post-hoc analysis was performed using contrast (simple, repeated) method. The following results were obtained from the analyses. First, maximal oxygen uptake was found to have statistical significance in terms of treatment period (pre-treatment, after 5 weeks and after 10 weeks) and groups (p<.05). In addition, the change of heart rate also showed statistical significance in terms of treatment period (p<.05). Second, there was statistical significance in the change of body weight in terms of treatment period and groups (p<.05). The change of blood lipid also showed statistical significance in terms of treatment period (p<.05). But, the change of fat free mass did not show any significance. Third, there was statistical significance in the change of TC in terms treatment period (p<.05) and blood-gathering point (rest, after excercise, recovery period) (p<.05). In addition, the change of TG, HDL-C and LDL-C all showed a statistical significance in terms of treatment period and blood-gathering point (p<.05). Finally, lactate and ammonia concentration in the blood showed significant change in terms of treatment period, groups and blood-gathering point (p<.05). In conclusion, the group taking L-carnitine for 10 weeks showed significant changes during the experimental period (pre-treatment, after 5 weeks and after 10 weeks) in maximal oxygen uptake at peak power, heart rate, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C in blood lipid, and lactate and ammonia concentration in fatigue recovery compared with the control group. Also, L-carnitine showed positive effects as an ergogenic aid. That is to say, though some of these results are coherent with previous results, and others are not, 2 g of L-carnitine intake for more than 10 weeks reduces a loss of muscle, which could contribute to positive changes to competition players such as Taekwon-Do athletes who need efficient reduction in body fat and weight. However, subsequent studies are required on effects of L-carnitine on athletes after a quantitative and safe dose.

新羅 中古期 皇龍寺의 造營과 그 意味

양정석 高麗大學校 大學院 2001 국내박사

A building site was unexpectedly found between the Golden Shrine(金堂) site and West Corridor site at the process of excavating the Hwangyong Buddhist Temple site since 1976. In the following year the same size of building site was found, as well. That building was not found in the assumed block plan of the existing temple. It has been proved that Hwangyong Temple was an unique one; the same size of building was assigned at right and left pivoting the central Golden Shrine. It has also been confirmed the east and west buildings of this shrine were transformed three times through the research of earth layers conducted later. An opinion called officially was presented in the Relics Excavation Research Paper of Hwangyong Temple I published In 1984. In other words, Hwangyong Temple was said to be "a so-called temple with one pagoda and three golden shrines of Silla style" changed during the process the form of one pagoda and three golden shrines was being admitted into Silla like the cheongamni temple site(淸岩里寺址)of Goguryo Kingdom. In spite of the fact that these basic recognitions were the same, each researcher has come to differently understand the construction process and the centered period even as to the same temple. Therefore, to solve this problem, first of all I has reviewed once again the earth layer suggested in this report and the explanations about the plane and draft. As for Hwangyong Temple, the method representing at the process of founding and repairing the temple can be taken as independent basis and digging and piling basis. Whereas independent basis had been adopted variously from the founding period of Hwangyong Temple on, digging and piling basis has been confirmed to be not used until the mending period. In the meantime, considering building up the stylobate of the central gold shrine, the east and the west building sites understood as three gold shrines in a different way, respectively, the difference in line with the facilities furnished in each building has been recognized. However, the west building site in this report has a little different meaning from this; it has been identified as an accumulated sinew stone of wing corridor keystones connected from the original west corridor traversed long at the direction of north and south between the Golden Shrine to the west building site. Then, since the wing corridor heading toward the Golden Shrine situated in the opposite direction to that could be construed as being broken at the process of erecting the repaired Golden Shrine, it can be difficult to appreciate the wing corridor falls into the same category as the mended temple. Consequently, judging from the overlapping relations of Wing Corridor, the first building of the building site became faster than the repaired Golden Shrine, meaning there was a building across from the east and west corridors next to the founding Golden Shrine at center. Meanwhile, even though there was a view the first building ·of the same building site was constructed at the time of building the wooden pagoda, it has been confirmed to be able to recognize the contents of the report unlike it explains through the reinterpretation of earth layers. The edited year of printed figure earthenwares exhumed concurrently has been taken as they flew in during the second mended process or later, considering the aspect of post Unification period generally cited. In this light, it is important the process the east and west building sites was changing to the second period from the first period has been turned out to be reduced in size. Although the exact plane of the first building of the west building site could not be affirmed, the plane of the first building of the same building site is understood as 9 rooms(間)×6 rooms, including awnings, thought to be erected at the same period. On the other hand, the second building of the east building site and the second building of the west building site both had been reduced to consisting of 7 rooms×3 rooms in size, compared with the first. Also, it can be pointed out as there is something in common like the facility to buttress weight within the building was not confirmed. In the meantime, as in the case of the fixed Golden Shrine as far as it was confirmed to date, the size of plane was more expanded than that of the previous building and there was also a facility such as pedestals to worship 19 respectful statues, including Jangyuk noble images(丈六尊像) in there as the center of the mended temple has been understood by the researchers. Thus, it is obvious that there used to be a sizeable building at right and left at the time of constructing the Golden Shrine of the founding temple, even though it's hard to exactly distinguish the phrase between the new palace and the founding palace. And these buildings were said that each was divided, centering on the corridors until the erection of the repaired Golden Shrine. After that, it was considered that the Golden Shrine at center was extended and the corridors made divided in a row were dismantled as the buildings of east and west were reduced to seven rooms from nine ones at the process of building the mended temple in line with the enshrinement of the noble images almost at a similar time. And it is noteworthy that such a similar arrangement was also validated at the demised temple site of Gunsoori(軍守里) in Buyeo(夫餘) thought to be in mid-six century. Through this, we can know that chances are really high that: the plane structure of the founding Hwangyong Temple was "three Golden shrines of three-temple style" similar to the ruined temple site of Gunsoori. Besides to that, Hwangyong Temple founded with the arrangement of the temple had started changing to the repaired temple after enshrining the noble images just in several years after its completion. The theory of King Ashoka statue(阿育王像), in general, has been accepted as to the type of the noble images enshrined at the mended Golden Shrine of Hwangyong Temple. And then, in the first place it had approached the type problem of the noble images by starting from the exact recognition about King Asboka shown in the Buddhist scriptures as the construction chronology of the noble images in "Samgukyusa(三國遺事)" shows the failure of King Asboka and no karma with Buddha. Though there were a lot of citations about "the life of King Ashoka(阿育王傳)" with regard to jeonryunseongwang(轉輪聖王) in the previous researches, there were problems that cited only specific areas. There were some parts showcasing King Ashoka in "the life of King Ayuk" was a historical jeonryunseongwang, but, on the contrary, there were other parts King Ashoka, who looked as if he was impeccable, was suffering from human-like unhappiness. And it is hard to understand the contents of the construction chronology of the noble images contained in the "Samgukyusa(三國遺事)" unless the context like the latter was taken into consideration. Hence, the chronology of "Samgukyusa(三國遺事)" can be understood as stressing the aspect of not becoming like King Ashoka. There would be some chances the noble images, the main Buddha statue enshrined at the repaired Golden Shrine, had a different type if King Ashoka statue had nothing to do with chronology directly. Here it is noted that the staging trace of the same level confirmed at the excavation process of the Golden Shrine. Through this, we can find out that the repaired Golden Shrine was for the space of all 19 respectable statues, not just of the noble images. And it has also been confirmed that for them it had an unique plane structure, that is, the oblong plane and the double structure of choir and apse(內外陣二重構造). The prototype of all these Buddhist statues could be found out of Yang(梁) Dynasty statues of Manbul Temple site(萬佛寺址), Chengdu(成都) and its main respectable statue had a Buddhist type of North Wei(北魏). And the point that this type of statue had adopted to the Golden Shrine of Yongning Temple(永寧寺) is that North Wei provides an important due to understanding the venerable statue of Hwangyong Temple and the structure of mended Golden Shrine. Through the excavation work of the repaired Golden Shrine site, the plane structure has been discovered to consist of 9 rooms×4 rooms comprising all 44 cornerstones. It can be said that the structure of the fixed Golden Shrine, Hwangyong Temple, had a unique style. Since I couldn't find the object of comparison in the country, though its object was needed to make a much more exact analyzation about the meaning of this structure, I has taken the Buddhist sanctum site of Yongning Temple(永寧寺) in Luoyang(洛陽), North Wei and the Golden Shrine site at Taikantaiji(大官大寺) in Hujiwara-kyou(□原京), Japan as its object that structure of plane was ascertained. Through the excavation research of Yongning Temple site, the Buddhist sanctum came to light that it's an oblong of east and west, and 54m 25m plane size. This structure according to the example of South Gate will be restored to a structure with nine rooms at front and three rooms at side and will be basically viewed as the similar plane like the Golden Shrine of Hwangyong Temple. As for the Taikantaiji(大官大寺) site, the Golden Shrine was confirmed to be an edifice of 9 4-room structure(stylobate: 53m at front 28.5m at side, building: 45.2m at front 20.7m at side). The plane structure of Golden Shrine is believed to be the same as Taeguk Pavilion(太極殿) of Hujiwara-kyou as well and the temple, which was constructed in conformity with the administrative district system of Hujiwara-kyou, is also taken as putting the basis at province planning. And according to "the Luoyang Temple Chronicle(洛陽伽藍記)", the Buddhist sanctum of Yongning Temple is the same as that of Taeguk Pavilion, affirming the similarity as that of Taikantaiji. The fact that the golden shrines of these two temples were built at the form of Taeguk Pavilion features well how the status of these temples was. And at Hwangyong Temple of Silla and Taikantaiji of Japan, the Golden Shrine with almost a similar size as these was confirmed. So it was proved that the Golden Shrine of Hwangyong Temple took on the form of Taeguk Pavilion. And then there's a difference as there were buildings at the right and left at Hawngyong Temple only, whereas there were no buildings at the right and left of the Golden Shrine in the case of Yongning Temple of North Wei or Taikantaiji of Japan. In this case, it takes notice of an example of Chinese palaces which have the east and west shrines located at the right and left of Taeguk Pavilion. King Mun(文帝) of Wei(魏) during the Chinese Three Kingdoms erected the East and West Vice-Pavilions(東西堂) which deal with daily political affairs at the right and left of Taeguk Pavilion for court meetings as he transferred the capital to Luoyang from Up. This method of arrangement had been said to be used for about 300 years until it was abolished by the time of reaching the Sui(隋) Dynasty. If the repaired Golden Shrine of Hawngyong Temple were made by adopting to a temple the meaning of Taeguk Pavilion as the royal audience chamber(正殿), it would not rule out the possibility that the idea of constructing the east and west Vice-Pavilions creating at that time would come together. And that the east and west Vice-Pavilions were reduced as the original east and west corridors were abolished and reorganized into one temple during the repaired process is thought to be understood as becoming the east and west golden shrines along with the royal audience chamber of Hwangyong Temple's Golden Shrine. In other words, while the repaired temple was divided into three temples by the corridor and each three buildings in there had the same meaning of standard, the Golden Shrine at center was major and the buildings at the right and left was auxiliary. not having the same meaning the Golden Shrine of the repaired temple and the east and west buildings attached. Furthermore, as for Yongning Temple of North Wei or Taikantaiji of Japan, it was believed that they had not adopted the concept of east and west shrines on account of the period span one century faster or later than that of Hwangyong Temple. In this regard, if the east and west buildings seen at the repaired Hwangyong Temple can be understood as a concept of the east and west shrines, it might be a product emanated while accepting into Silla together with the meaning the construction system of capital city itself had prior to the Sui Dynasty. In 60 years since the Golden Shrine enshrined the venerable statue was constructed Hwangyong Temple with a nine-story wooden pagoda, one of the best buildings in Silla in 645, the 14th year of Queen Seondeok(善德女王), was built up. That has become the object of most attention at Hawngyong Temple. And at the hub of the content there was Jajang(慈藏) who conveyed the need to the erection of a nine-story wooden pagoda to Queen Seondeok after returning home from Dang(唐) in 643. In other words, he insisted that Hwangyong Temple with a nine-story wooden pagoda be erected on the basis of a pagoda of Daeheung Seon Temple(大興善寺) he saw in the capital city during the Sui and early Dang dynasties. In this regard, there was a difference between the time of erecting the temple and the time of building the repaired Golden Shrine in the case that the construction of nine-story wooden pagoda can be understood centering on the admittance of Sui and Dang dynasties' culture. And then I compared these nine-story wooden pagodas constructed all at Yongning, Hwangyong and Taikantaiji temples compared centering on the Golden Shrine beforehand. Taking the plane of wooden towers as a center, Yongning, Hwangyong and Taikantaiji temples have the difference of nine rooms from all quarters, seven rooms from all quarters and five rooms from all quarters, respectively. However, it might be right to say that difference of size would tell the periodic flow of the temple arrangement structure rather than the temple size. Because the importance of wooden pagodas within the temple was downgraded little by little in accordance with the flow of the times. In spite of these facts, the symbol of nine stories has the same. So it might be safe to consider the basic plan of temple arrangement as the same if the mended Golden Shrine of Hwangyong Temple had· the same size as the Buddhist sanctum of Yongning Temple and all of nine-story towers were constructed. If that was the case, I suppose the attention was need! ed to Ahn Hong(安弘), who was thought to suggest the construction of wooden towers before Jajang, and monks who came back after studying In China during the reigns of King Jinheung(眞興王) and King Jinpyeong(眞平王). Meanwhile, aside from this, what is discussed as to nine-story wooden towers is the pagoda building technique of Baekje(百濟). Also, it is found in "Samkukyusa" highlighting Queen Seondeok completed the tower by inviting craftsman Abiji(阿非知) of Baekje after gathering opinions from officials. On the whole, this part was discussed a lot In the history of architecture because it had technological aspects. It is considered, in general, the pagoda building technique of Baekje, especially the wooden tower construction technique of Maitreya Temple(彌勒寺) exercised a great influence on building the wooden tower of Hwangyong Temple. However, although stylobate accumulating technique of wooden tower site, Maitreya Temple site, had some similarities on appearance, the neighboring cornerstones directly buttressing the weight had a big different structure. Also, it was proved that the stylobate accumulating method of Bunhwang Temple(芬皇寺) confirmed through the excavation work lately was the same as that of the nine-story wooden tower of Hwangyong Temple. Consequently, it cannot be seen as invariably copying that of Baekje, just looking at the method of stylobate accumulation. This can make the then role of Abiji understood in a various angle. Aforesaid, it has been confirmed that the repaired Golden Shrine of Hwangyong Temple took the form of Taeguk Pavilion, the royal audience chamber, different from the architecture of ordinary temples. I have delved into what the meaning was about the repair of Hwangyong Temple made centering on this type of mended Golden Shrine. Since the meaning of Taeguk Pavilion is significant, just judging from its size. The problem is that whereas Taeguk Pavilion as the royal audience chamber was confirmed as for Loyang of North Wei and Hujiwara-kyou of Japan, there was no clarification for that as for Silla. However, it came to know that according to "Samkukyusa", "Purple Palace(紫宮)" which King Jinheung planned to build was the royal audience chamber equivalent to Taeguk Pavilion through the classics of "Hoenamja(淮南子)" and the like. At that time, in Silla, there were also the places similar to Internal Worries(內裏) and Court Hall(朝堂院) founded at the ancient palaces of Japan though the terms of "Internal Worries Servants(裏內從人).", "Internal Worries Visitors(裏內客)", "Hall Visitors(堂來客)" on King Jinheung Stone Monument at Mawun Pass(磨雲嶺眞興王巡狩碑). In addition, I have studied that the new palace building plan in the 14th year of King Jinheung was not simply restricted to building palaces but overhauling the royalty of the kingdom. Most of road structures excavated in Gyeongju(慶州) at present were discovered around Hwangyong Temple. Among them there were relics assumed as the same period as the construction of Hawngyong Temple. That tells us that building of Hwangyong Temple was closely related to city overhauling, namely, capital city planning. Thus, the fact that m Loyang, Gyeongju and Hujiwara-kyou differed in the building time and intention of capital city, respectively, there were great temples holding the Golden Shrine of Taeguk Pavilion type all of which were related to city planning. That showed they were built under the same city planning. Therefore, in this thesis I has defined as "the capital city system of North Wei style" the city planning composed of Taeguk Pavilion as the royal audience chamber and the Golden Shrine taking the form of Taeguk Pavilion as the central great temple. And, this type of city planning was regarded to be taken in from North Wei to Goguryeo(高句麗)), or from North Jei(北齊) to Silla, and from Silla to Japan. Generally, the palaces in ancient eastern Asia were not only the location of the regime but also the space symbolizing the absolute monarch. Capital cities were also considered the political product showing the powerful will of administrators. Hence, not only did the kings of North Wei, Silla, Japan discuss national policies at Taeguk Pavilion, a royal audience chamber, for their decision but also they supported their authority through the Golden Shrine taking the form of Taeguk Pavilion in terms of religion. This might be the historical meamng of "a so-called capital city system of North Wei type" and the resulting Yongning, Hwangyong and Taikantaiji temples. In the meantime, I think it is worth noticing that Goguryeo transferred the city after 42 years to started building the capital castle newly at the period of constructing a new palace during the reign of King Jinheung of Silla. It was meaningful that Silla started to reorganize its city as if it competed with Goguryeo by the time it was completely getting out of the influence of Goguryeo. In order to understand the city planning of Silla, it was circumstantially evident that we notice the exchange of Silla with North Jei exactly keeping the cultural tradition of North Wei intact. It is a well-known fact that Buddhism had been officially recognized since King Beopheung(法興王) In Silla. Then the very Heungryeon Temple(興輪寺) was built. According to "Samkukyusa", this Heungryeon Temple was inducted to Great King Hengryeon Temple(大王興輪寺) by King Jinheung. I suppose that they regarded Great King here as King Beopheung, Recently, a view was also raised to stress the sacrifice of oneself centering on Hengryeon Temple concentrating on South Dynasty (南朝) Buddhism in china. However, such a characteristic of South Dynasty Buddhism was decolorizing little by little in the course of going through the building of the venerable statue or the building process of the mended Golden Shrine at Hwangyong Temple conducted at the waning years of King Jinpyeong. Besides that, it should be noted that the mended Golden Shrine adopted the method constructed at the form of Taeguk Pavilion. These characteristics of Hawngyong Temple need reviewing in terms of the history of Buddhist ideas. Generally speaking, the biggest difference of North Dynasty(北朝) Buddhism and South Dynasty Buddhism would be explained as a difference between "Emperor is Buddha(天子卽如來)" and "Emperor is Bodhi-sattva(皇帝菩薩)." Among them, In North Wei representing North Dynasty Buddhism, the emperor was equal to Buddha and the Buddha statue taking their figures was placed in the shrine. And the Buddhist sanctum was also said to has the characteristics of the ancestor's graves taking the form of Buddhism. Then the fact that Taeguk Pavilion as the royal audience chamber was made in the temple can be also interpreted as exercising influence in the religion of Buddhism like politics, In other words, the emperor of North Wei seemed to try to rule politics and religion concurrently, These features can be also ascertained in the consciousness of "King is Buddha(王卽佛)" numerously mentioned to expound upon the Silla Buddhism of Junggo-periods(中古期). Also, since the letter "Hwang(皇, Emperor)" used at temples of Hwangbok(皇福寺) was the highest term of king known Bunhwang and until that time, we had to· shed light on why this tenn was used during the old and mid-periods. In this context, the viewpoint "Taikan" of Taikantaigi Temple in Hujiwara-kyou also stood for emperor are very suggestive of comprehending "Hwang" of Hwangyong Temple. Likewise, when understanding the temple the letter "Empero" contained, the fact that the temple of king was transformed from Great Heungyoon Temple to Hwangyong Temple didn't speak of only the change of from King Beopheung to King Jinheung, further spawning on the consciousness of king status during the reign of King Jinheung. In addition, the fact that the temples with the name of "Hwang(Emperor)" created during the Junggo-period were converged on the current Guhwang-dong(九皇洞) area shows then province castle planning was related to a kind of arranged demarcation. The repaired Hwangyong Temple representing the construction of the mended Golden Shrine to enshrine the venerable statue can be construed as the symbol of royal power made on purpose based on the capita] city system of North Wei newly incorporated as part of the ruling patterns the kings of Junggo-period of Silla was trying to strengthen their power.

디지털 앰프 시스템에서의 안정성 향상에 대한 연구

양정석 아주대학교 일반대학원 2007 국내석사

최근 고 전력 구동용 증폭기를 채용한 홈씨어터 시스템은 갈수록 복잡해 지고 있다. 그 복잡한 시스템 구성 때문에 프로그램 버그, 전자파 방사 노이즈, 앰프 손상 또는 연소 같은 해결하기 어려운 문제들이 산재하고 있다. 그 중 에서도 가장 심각한 문제는 앰프가 외부의 급작스러운 돌입 전류 또는 전압에 노출되었을 때 단순히 앰프가 동작을 멈추는 것에 그치지 않고 파괴 또는 연소가 되어 화재로 이어 질 수 있다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 두 종류의 디지털 앰프 시스템에서의 안정성 향상에 대하여 다루며 돌입 전류 또는 전압에 대하여 앰프를 보호할 수 있는 새로운 보호 회로와 알고리즘에 대하여 제안한다. 첫 번째로 D급 앰프에서는 기존 과전류 감지회로의 문제점이었던 순간적인 과입력에 의해 앰프가 오 동작 하고 FET가 파괴되는 문제는 입력의 변동에 따라 과전류 감지회로의 전압 레벨도 가변 되도록 설계함으로써 개선하였고, 전 디지털 앰프의 기존 문제점이었던 앰프 손상 이후 연소되는 문제는 보호 회로 감지 단자를 앰프 및 마이컴에 추가하여 순간적으로 앰프에 서지성 노이즈가 유입 시 이를 감지하여 출력을 차단하고 외부 표시장치에 이를 나타내도록 하였다. Recently, a home theater system applied the high power driving amplifier has become more complicate. Because of complex system organization, it is extremely hard to solve these kinds of problems: program bug, EMI emission noise, amplifier damage or burning. Among them, the most serious thing is that when the amplifier is exposed by external surge current or voltage, the one can be on fire as well as stopping operation. Until now, although a variety of protection circuit or algorithm as well as the over-current protection algorithm has been used in digital amplifier audio system, amplifier has been damaged by external noise or surge. This paper deals with the study on the improvement in stability for two kind digital amplifier systems and has proposed a new protection circuit and algorithm that protect amplifier from an inflow of surgy current or voltage. First, in case of D-class amp, over-current sensing circuit which has a problem is that FET has been destroyed by instantaneous over current has been improved by input interlocking over-current sensing circuit. In case of full digital amp, by adding the codes which display “protection” on display window and shut down output power, amp can be protected from external noise.

외식 프랜차이즈 가맹점의 지각된 관계 혜택, 환경 요인, 거래 특유 자산, 영향력 지위가 재계약 의도에 미치는 영향 : 신뢰, 의존, 그리고 몰입의 매개 효과

양정석 세종대학교 대학원 2012 국내박사

국내 외식 프랜차이즈 산업은 유통이나 서비스 프랜차이즈 부문에 비해 다른 나라에서 찾아보기 어려울 정도로 큰 비중을 차지하며, 한국 프랜차이즈 산업의 가장 대표적인 특징을 이루고 있다. 재계약의도는 지속경영을 가능하게 하는 프랜차이즈 사업의 중요한 요소이다. 많은 선행연구에서 새로운 고객을 창출하는 것보다는 기존의 고객을 유지하는 것이 경제적으로 매우 이익이 됨을 지적하고 검증하였으나, 현실적으로 대다수의 가맹본부는 신규오픈에 의존적인 사업구조를 가지고 있다. 이러한 사업구조로 인해 가맹점의 신규오픈에 비해 기존 가맹점의 유지나 장기지향성에 대한 중요도는 가맹사업 본부로부터 낮게 평가되어지고 있다. 그러나 신규고객의 발굴보다 기존고객의 가치, 만족, 그리고 신뢰의 향상을 통한 충성도 제고와 그 결과물로서 장기지향성을 확보하는 것이 더 효율적이고도 효과적인 장기 사업구조가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 장기지향성의 지표인 재계약의도에 영향을 주는 선행요인을 프랜차이즈 맥락에서 가맹점의 입장에서 접근해 봄으로서, 가맹본부가 장기지향성을 갖추기 위해 어떠한 선행적 요인들을 고려해야 할 것인가를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한, 재계약의도의 선행요인을 몰입으로, 그리고 몰입의 선행요인으로 신뢰와 의존을 설정하여 이전 Ganesan(1994)이나 Bendapudi and Berry(1997)의 신뢰와 의존의 장기지향성에 대한 매개효과를 한국 실정에 적합한 프랜차이즈 맥락에서 검증하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지각된 관계혜택(절차 혜택, 운영 혜택)과 가맹본부의 거래특유자산은 가맹점의 가맹본부에 대한 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며 둘째, 지각된 관계혜택(운영 혜택), 환경요인(대체 가능성, 복잡성), 그리고 가맹본부와 가맹점의 거래특유자산은 가맹점의 가맹본부에 대한 의존에 영향을 미치고 셋째, 가맹점의 가맹본부에 대한 신뢰와 의존은 몰입과 재계약의도에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 가맹점의 몰입을 신뢰를 통한 몰입과 의존을 통한 몰입의 두 가지 형태의 몰입의 합으로 보고, 신뢰와 의존이 재계약의도에 영향을 미치며, 몰입이 매개역할을 한다는 것을 밝혔다는 부분에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 이는 Ganesan(1994)이나 Bendapudi and Berry(1997)가 장기지향성의 한 축을 신뢰로, 다른 한 축을 의존으로 보았다는 측면에서 몰입이나 장기지향성을 능동적 형태와 수동적 형태, 두 가지 형태의 몰입의 합으로 해석함에 공통점을 찾을 수 있다. 본 연구의 주요 내용을 이론적 기여도 차원에서 살펴보면, 가맹점의 재계약의도에 영향을 주는 선행요인으로서 신뢰와 의존의 매개효과를 살펴보고, 신뢰와 의존에 영향을 주는 요인으로서 지각된 관계혜택, 환경요인(대체 가능성, 동태성, 복잡성), 거래특유자산, 그리고 영향력 지위의 영향을 가맹점의 시각에서 통합적으로 살펴보았다는데 의의가 있다. 즉, 장기지향성이나 재구매의도, 그리고 재계약의도와 관련된 선행연구들이 주로 B2C의 관점에서 소비자를 대상으로 하였다면, 본 연구는 B2B 관점에서 가맹본부와 가맹점간의 재계약의도를 연구하였으며, 이전 관계가치, 신뢰, 의존, 그리고 몰입에 관한 여러 이론에서 연구된 내용을 종합하여 몰입과 재계약의도에 대한 연구를 시도한 점에 의의가 있다. 또한, 본 연구는 실무적으로 신뢰, 의존, 그리고 재계약의도와 관련된 요인들에 대한 연구를 통해 가맹본부의 가맹점에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있고, 이를 바탕으로 가맹점의 재계약의도, 신뢰도, 그리고 의존도 제고를 위한 전략의 구축과 자원배분의 우선순위를 수립하는데 도움이 될 수 있다고 사료된다. The food service franchise in Korea take quite big portion of all national franchise industries and it makes distinguished characteristics of Korean franchise industries. Recontracting intention is one of the most important factors of substantiality of franchise enterprises. Retaining of customers is pretty much important than creating new customers and it is investigated through many studies but for Korean franchise industries actually most of franchisers depends on new customers. Thus, long-term relationship and recontracting intention have been popularized into diffusion in that field. More specifically, this study investigates the structural relationships between the antecedents of trust, dependence, commitment and recontracting intention of franchisees, for this research proposes franchisee’s perceived relationship benefits, environment factors, transaction specific investments and power position as the antecedents of trust and dependence, More specifically, this study suggests the impact of trust, dependence and commitment of franchisees on recontracting intention and the impact of franchisee’s perceived relationship benefits, environment factors, transaction specific investments and power position on trust and dependence. For these purposes the author developed a structural model which consists of several variables. The data were collected from 495 franchisees who engaged in food service franchise and analyzed with SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using path analysis. The result of the overall model analysis appeared as follows: χ²= 123.362, df=22, p-value=0.000, GFI = 0.962, AGFI =0.845, RMR = 0.042, RMSEA = 0.097, NFI = 0.965, CFI = 0.970, IFI =0.971. Since the result of the overall model analysis demonstrated a good fit, we could further analyze our data. The results of this study are as followings: First, franchisee’s perceived relationship benefits and transaction specific investments of franchisers had positive effect on trust of franchisees. Second, franchisee’s perceived relationship benefits, environment factors, transaction specific investments had positive effects on dependence of franchisees. Third, franchisee’s trust, dependence and commitment had positive effects on recontracting intention of franchisees. Finally, the implication of this study established the mediating effect of franchisee’s commitment between trust, dependence and recontracting intention. At the end of this paper, limitations, further research directions, and implications are suggested.

신용위험 모형화에 관한 연구 : 시장위험 및 경기변동 요소를 중심으로

양정석 연세대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

신용위험은 거래상대방이 계약의무의 이행을 거부하거나 이행할 수 없을 경우에 발생하는 위험으로, 채무불이행 위험이나 신용도 변화에 따르는 손실위험 모두를 포괄하는 개념이다. 이 논문은 신용위험을 모형화 하는데 있어서 시장위험과 경기변동적 요소를 결합시키는 문제를 주 내용으로 하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 우선 위험채권을 가치 평가하는 구조형 모형과 축약형 모형을 살펴본다. 구조형 모형과 축약형 모형은 다른 전제와 가정 위에 기반하고 있지만, 그의 발전과정에서 시장위험과 신용위험을 결합하려는 시도를 하고 있음을 확인해 볼 수 있다. 실제로 포트폴리오 신용위험측정모형들은 이자율 요소를 고정으로 둠으로써 시장위험을 반영치 못하고 있고, 이에 따라 적정 자본배분을 불합리하게 하는 측면이 존재한다. 구조형이나 축약형 가격결정 모형에서의 발전은, 두 요인 모형의 형태로, 이자율과 시장가치를 위험채권의 가격결정 모형에 반영함으로써 시장위험을 신용위험과 함께 고려할 수 있는 여지를 보여주고 있다. 그러나, 최근의 이러한 이론적 발전의 실무적 적용에는 보다 강건한 연구결과들이 필요하며, 이에 따라 실무적으로 사용할 수 있는 대안적인 방법도 고려될 필요가 있다. 시장위험과 신용위험은 경기순환단계 혹은 거시경제 활동과 많은 연관성을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 시장위험과 신용위험에 경기순환적 단계가 갖는 영향력이 매우 특징적임을 확인하고, 신용등급 이전확률이나 손실율, 부도율 등 신용위험모형의 투입요소들이 경기순환국면에 따라 다르게 나타남으로써, 실제의 실행에서도 이러한 점을 반영해야 한다는 점을 제시한다. The Credit Risk is occurred when the counterparty refuses or is failed to fulfill the obligation of the contract. The breach of debt and the risk of loss caused by changes of liability can be also known as Credit Risk. The main issue of this paper is to put together the factors of Market Risk and Business Cycle with Credit Risk as modelling and evaluating the risk. First, in this paper, I examine two different valuation models for risky bonds, Structural Approach and Reduced-form Approach. Even though two approaches are based on different premises and assumptions, they have a common that both are making an attempt to combine Market Risk with Credit Risk. Otherwise, the practical credit portfolio models, assuming constant interest rates, do not reflect Market Risk, therefore optimal capital allocation remains unreasonable . A key finding is this ; two approaches consider both Market Risk and Credit Risk as pricing risky bonds by reflecting interest rates and market value. Main Studies on this issues can be found on works of Longstaff and Schwartz(1995), and Jarrow and Turnbull(2000). Although such an development of theoretical pricing models, more robust study is needed for practical application and many alternative approaches should be considered . Credit risk and Market risk is closely related to Business Cycle phases and Macro Economic activity. This study suggests that the effects of cyclical phases have a significant influence over Credit Risk and Market Risk. And, it is important that the factors of credit portfolio models, Rating Transition Matrix, PD(Probability on Default) and LGD(Loss Given Default), and capital requirement appear differently in accordance with cyclical phases, so this point should be reflected on credit risk modelling. Following above results, we should recognize that the strictness of Credit Risk Model is requested to not only realize profits of financial institutions but also establish national counterplan against BIS New Accord and remove bad effects of risk control failure on macro economy and agents.

표고버섯 균상인공재배에 관한 연구

양정석 진주산업대학교 산업대학원 2009 국내석사

This study was conducted to establish the techniques for mycelium bed cultivation of Lentinula edodes mushroom. Medium condition for the mycelium bed was good in a mixture of sawtooth oak + rice bran + wheat bran (95+2.5+2.5). Envelops for the medium was good in polyethylene of medium pressure or polypropylene. Sterilization and cooling were good in 4-6 hours at 118℃ in high pressure sterilizer and 15-25℃ in a aseptic condition, respectively. Mycelium was evenly distributed when mycelium bed lies on side during the culture. In addition, the time for cultivation was reduced. Optimum temperature for mycelium bed was 12-18℃ with the range of 12-20℃. If the temperature was lower than the optimum, the mushroom showed the characteristics of short stipe and thick pileus, although growing period was delayed. However, if the temperature was higher than the optimum, the mushroom showed the characteristics of poor quality body with long stipe and thin pileus, although growing period was reduced. Optimum humidity for the mushroom was 75-80%. However, if humidity was lower than the optimum, the mushroom showed dry pileus with delayed growing period. If humidity was higher than the optimum, th mushroom showed black pileus with soft body. Light condition of 200 lux was best, but below the lux, mushroom showed a short stipe and small body of white color. The mushroom showed slow growth for day time and good growth for night time and a good ventilation was one of good growing conditions.