철도교통관제사 책임사고 분석을 통한 위험도평가에 관한 연구

배화란 한국교통대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내석사

도교통관제사는 열차운행 및 관제 시설⋅설비를 감시⋅제어⋅통제하고 이례사항 발생 시 열차의 안전 정시 운행을 위해 업무를 하는 사람으로써, 업무 수행 중 사고나 장애 발생의 가능성을 가지고 있다. 철도교통관제사 책임사고란 관제업무 수행 중 관제사의 취급과실과 같은 인적오류로 인하여 발생하는 철도사고를 말한다. 국가에서는 철도사고 등의 보고에 관한 지침(국토교통부고시)에서 규정하는 철도사고 및 장애를 대상으로 위험도 분석을 실시하고 있으나, 국가 기준의 사고 및 장애의 기준은 광범위하고, 사고 분류가 중첩되는 등 분야별 정확한 위험요인 및 위험사건의 파악이 불가능하다. 그러므로 위험분석이 어려우며, 정확하지 않은 위험분석을 바탕으로 시행 된 위험도 평가는 실제 적용하기 어려운 수준으로 그 효과를 발휘하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 철도안전관리체계 기술기준에서 규정하는 위험도평가 방법을 적용하여 철도교통관제센터 업무 및 실정에 맞는 위험요인 식별 및 세부 위험사건을 구성하고, 효율적인 위험도평가를 위해 2006년부터 2015년까지 10년 간 철도교통관제사 책임사고 조사보고서를 분석하여 위험도평가를 하였다. 이러한 위험도 분석 방법은 국가 기준의 사고 및 장애의 전 단계인 위험사건 및 위험요인까지 정확히 파악하여 사전 예방관리를 목적으로 하고 있는 위험관리 기반의 안전관리체계의 방향성에 부합할 것으로 판단된다.

Choosing Response Surface Desings for Multiple Responses : 배화수

배화수 Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison 1991 해외박사

모형을 적합시키는 경우, 적합된 모형과 원래의 수학적 함수와의 사이에는 항상차이가 있게된 다. 이러한 차이를 측정하기위해서 Box와 Draper (1959)는 이 차이를두 부분의 오류 즉 분산오류오류로 나누어서 측정하는 기준에 대해서 연구를하고, 또 이 기준에 근거하여 오류를 최소화시키법에 대해서 연구 하였다. 그들의 기준은 한 개의 반응변수에 국한된 것이었으나 이를 여러 개의 수의경우로 확장시키는 것도 가능하다. 이 논문에서는 여러개의 반응변수가 동일한독립변수의 구측정된 경우를 가정하고 Box와 Draper의 기준의 확장시켜적용하여 오류를 최소화시키는 계획법에연구가 행해졌다. 특히반응변수사이에는 관련이 있음을 가정하여 반응변수간의 상관계수의 역할윳��없으므로 이의 기준에서의 출현이 계획법을 선택하는데서 중요한 역할을 한다.

보건소 방문건강관리 대상 여성 노인 고혈압 환자의 건강정보 문해력이 혈압조절에 미치는 영향

배화 경북대학교 보건대학원 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of health literacy among the elderly hypertensive patients and to investigate the effect of health literacy on hypertension control. This study was conducted for four weeks between February 5 and March 2nd, 2018 in cooperation with the health center of D county. The subjects of the study were 150 elderly female hypertension patients who were regularly supervised by the visiting health care project, and the material of 146 patients amon them were used for the analysis. Crossover analysis was conducted to determine the difference in hypertension control according to demographic characteristics, health behavior, disease-related characteristics, and health literacy. The elements related with blood pressure control in elderly women with hypertension, who are the health care management visitor targets of health center were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The blood pressure control rate of the subjects was 74.7%. The literacy rate of health information was 8.70 (± 2.12) out of 12 points, and the correct answer rate was 74.5%. The higher the age and the higher the level of education and the higher the salt-based practice rate, the higher the health literacy. The control rate of blood pressure was significantly higher when the level of health literacy was higher while other factors were controlled. In conclusion, health literacy level and hypertension control are closely related. Since the people with low literacy for health information do not understand various kinds of health related information, it is highly likely that their knowledge and self-management level is insufficient. Therefore, in community visiting health management, it is necessary to apply effective educational methods which is suitable to the level of literacy.

지구단위계획지침과 자치단체 관련 조례의 차이에 따른 택지개발사업의 특성에 관한 연구 : 판교택지지구 중심상업용지를 중심으로

배화일 서울시립대학교 도시과학대학원 2012 국내석사

본 논문은 ‘국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률’의 실행을 위하여 정한 지구단위계획과 건축물의 공공복리의 증진에 이바지하는 것을 목적으로 하여 제정된 건축법, 그리고 기타 개별법을 적용함에 있어 이원적 법 적용으로 인하여 발생하는 문제점을 검토하였다. 그리고 분석을 위하여 판교택지지구 중심상업지역의 3가지 경우의 예를 분석하여 사업자의 사업진행과정과 진행하면서 발생하는 각종 문제점을 제기하고 그로 인한 택지지구의 균형발전을 저해하는 사례를 분석하였다. 분석결과 사업의 가장 대표적인 지연이유는 지구단위지침과 각종 타 법률간의 이원적 적용의 간섭으로 인하여 사업자의 사업규모 축소 등의 문제가 발생하는 것이었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지자체의 법률적용에 있어서 발생하는 이원적 법률적용의 문제점과 문제해결을 위한 지자체의 대응과 그의 해결을 위한 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문의 이원화된 법률의 상호간섭에 대한 문제의 해결을 위하여 제시하는 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다 1.지구단위계획의 지침과 지자체 조례와의 이원화된 법률적용에 의한 상호간섭은 법률체계의 혼선을 주어 사업지연의 원인이 된다. 2. 지구단위계획의 계획자는 이원화된 법률적용으로 인한 간섭뿐만 아니라 사유토지의 공공기여에 대한 인센티브 등을 반영하여 다양한 종류의 지구단위계획의 요소를 반영하여야 한다. 3. 이원화된 법률과 법률 사이의 상호간섭관계의 해결을 위하여 각 지자체는 각종 법규제정 등의 방법을 통한 방안을 모색하여야 한다. 4. 택지개발사업의 토지매각, 매입에 관한 방법에 있어 법률적 약자인 수분양자의 과잉경쟁을 유도하는 현행방법은 재고되어야 한다. 주요어(Keyword) : 지구단위계획, 지구단위계획지침,이원화, 이중적용 This thesis reviewed problems caused due to application of dualistic laws in applying the building act for the purpose of contributing to promote district-unit planning and the public weal of buildings decided for implementing ‘the law on planning and use of the national land’ and other individual laws. And for analysis, it suggested the business process of business owners and various problems caused during the process by analyzing 3 kinds of examples of the central commercial district in Pangyo residential area and analyzed examples which hindered balanced development in the residential area. As a result of analysis, the most typical reason for delay of the business was to cause problems such as reduction of business size of the business owner due to interference of dualistic application between the district-unit guideline and other different laws. Therefore, this thesis aims to suggest problems of dualistic application of laws caused by local governments’ application of laws, response of the local governments for solving the problem, and an alternative for the solution. Conclusion of this thesis for solving the problem about mutual interference of dualistic laws is as follows. 1. Mutual interference due to application of dualistic laws between district-unit planning guideline and the ordinance of local government becomes a reason for delay of the business by causing much confusion in the legal system. 2. The planner of district-unit planning should reflect various kinds of elements of the district-unit plan by reflecting incentives for public contribution of privately-owned land as well as interference due to application of dualistic laws. 3. Each local government should seek for a plan through several ways including legislation of various laws for solving the problem of mutual interfering relations between laws. 4. The existing method which induces excessive competition of vendees, the legally weak in the method for selling and buying land in the land-developing business should be reconsidered. Keyword : district-unit planning, district-unit guideline, dualistic application of laws

감귤과피를 함유하는 유과의 품질 특성

배화순 大邱가톨릭大學校 保健科學大學院 2003 국내석사

Quality characteristics of Yukwa, Korean traditional rice cake with citrus peel (0, 2, 4 and 6%) powder were investigated. Yukwa was prepared by adding of water homogenate of the peel and quality was evaluated by analysis of expansion rate, texture, color, sensory quality and content of total carotenoid, hesperidine and naringin. Expansion rate(1,517~855%) and brittleness of Yukwa added with higher concentration citrus peel powder became lower than that of control products(1,740%). But the ranges of the value belonged to those of the Korean traditional Yukwa. Color of control Yukwa(L^* value: 63.3~49.9, a^* value: 10.6~17.8, b^* value: 12.6~56.4) showed white, but the Yukwa added with citrus peel(2~6%) showed light yellow to yellow(L^* value: 63.3~49.9, a^* value: 10.6~17.8, b^* values: 12.6~56.4). Carotenoid, hesperidin and naringin content of Yukwa added with the powder were 0.18~0.51 mg%, 36.55~101.60 mg% and 24.65~70.81 mg%, respectively. Color and overall acceptability of Yukwa added with 4% of citrus peel were best, and the products had some orange flavor, but there are no difference in sweet taste and sour taste.

아웃소싱을 통한 효율적 군수지원관리 발전 방안에 관한 연구

배화직 한남대학교 경영산업대학원 2009 국내석사

국방개혁2020의 목표인 국민과 함께하는 선진정예강군 육성을 달성하기 위해 현재 국방부는 국방의 문민기반 확대등의 추진과제를 달성하기 위해 제한된 국방비로 전력을 개선하기 위해 비전투조직은 아웃소싱을 하고 있다. 아웃소싱의 군 도입으로 인한 장점으로는 기본적으로 자연스런 경영혁신을 통해 행정업무가 고객중심으로 첨단화된 민간수준으로 향상시킬수가 있다는 점이다. 그러나 군은 민간의 환경과 매우 다른 환경을 가지고 있으므로 군의 환경에 적합한 아웃소싱 방안을 찾아야 한다. 또한 외국군과도 많은 차이점을 보이고 있어 신중한 접근이 요구된다. 그러므로 제한된 환경속에서 군 아웃소싱을 추진해야 한다는 것이다.

품성계발 프로그램이 초등학교 교육복지 대상 아동들의 자아존중감과 학교생활만족도에 미치는 영향

배화종 동신대학교 2012 국내석사

The object of the research was to try to know how Character Development Program for elementary school students who benefit from educational welfare can have an effect on their self-esteem and how satisfied they are with their school life. Thus, the research has two problems as the following: First, how does Character Development Program has an effect on the self-esteem of children who benefit from educational welfare in elementary schools? Second, how does Character Development Program has an effect on the satisfaction of their school life? For the research, 44 children, who are included in educational welfare priority support projects, in B elementary school, A city were chosen. They were divided into two groups, respectively 22, one of which belonged to experimental group and the other of which to control group; the former was involved in Character Development Program across 9 sessions, and the latter was not at all. Both groups took a preliminary test and a post test by measure of self-esteem and the satisfaction of school life. As for data processing, mean and standard deviation were found using scores from the preliminary test and the post test, and Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA) was performed to verify research hypothesis; futhermore, different data were arranged -e.g. program report on each session by children involved in programs and individual interviews with them, observation of children's behavioral changes during programs, program reports and evaluation forms after programs, and individual interviews with them and interviews with their parents after programs- in order to compliment the limitations of statistical verification. As the result of it, in the aspects of the self-esteem and the satisfaction of the school life of children involved in Character Development Program, the post test scores were more improved than the preliminary test scores, and thus Character Development Program was found to have a positive effect on the self-esteem and the satisfaction of the school life of children who benefit from educational welfare. The research assured that Character Development Program shall be available for children who benefit from educational welfare in elementary schools. If the programs are operated at the schools in the earlier phase of educational welfare priority support projects or in the beginning of the school year when children who will benefit from educational welfare are sorted out, it is also expected to be helpful to the operating of educational welfare priority support projects. 본 연구는 초등학교 교육복지 대상 아동에게 적용한 품성계발 프로그램이 대상 아동들의 자아존중감과 학교생활만족도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 다음과 같은 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 품성계발 프로그램은 초등학교 교육복지 대상 아동들의 자아존중감에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 품성계발 프로그램은 초등학교 교육복지 대상 아동들의 학교생활만족도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가? 위의 문제를 해결하기 위해 교육복지우선지원사업에 선정된 A시의 B초등학교 44명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단에 22명씩 배정하였으며, 실험집단에는 총 9회기의 품성계발 프로그램을 실시하고, 통제집단에는 아무런 처치도 하지 않았다. 두 집단은 모두 자아존중감 척도와 학교생활만족도 척도를 사용하여 사전, 사후 검사를 하였다. 자료 처리는 사전, 사후 검사에서 얻어진 점수를 가지고 평균과 표준편차를 구하고, 연구가설의 검증을 위해 공변량 분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였으며 더불어 통계적 검증의 제한점을 보완하기 위해 프로그램 참여 아동들의 회기별 소감문 및 개별 면담, 프로그램 진행 과정 중 참여 아동 행동 변화 관찰, 프로그램 종료 후 프로그램 소감문 및 평가지, 프로그램 종료 후 참여 아동 개별 면담 및 보호자 면담 등의 내용을 정리하였다. 그 결과 품성계발 프로그램에 참여한 교육복지대상 아동들의 자아존중감과 학교생활만족도의 사후 검사 점수가 사전 검사 점수보다 향상되어 품성계발 프로그램이 교육복지대상 아동들의 자아존중감과 학교생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 품성계발 프로그램이 초등학교 교육복지 대상자에게 유용하게 활용될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 교육복지우선지원사업의 초기에 있는 학교나 교육복지 대상 아동이 선정되는 학년 초에 시행하면 교육복지우선지원사업의 운영에도 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

젠더 거버넌스 실행과정에서 공무원들의 젠더 감수성 변화과정 연구

배화정 가톨릭대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

This research analyzes the change in gender sensibility among public officials, who participated in process of gender governance as policy of gender mainstreaming, and what has influenced the change. In the result of analysis, this stage does not indicate all participants experiencing the same kind of change. However, the four stages of change revealed here is a common process shown in a type of changing process. Not all participants straightforwardly experience these four stages. There are various stages that participants go through, such as some participants going from stage of disinterest to stage of deliberation, and other participants starting from stage of compromise and going to stage of deliberation. Here, each of these stages do not indicate sequential change. It was revealed in the process of common categorization during analysis of the depth interviews of 16 public officials. In the stage of disinterest, gender sensibility is just one of the terms that public officials encounter while doing "work." Work previously required for public officials had been mainly established as pushing ahead legal work through a propulsion system and giving policy administrative support so that a right kind of outcome can be produced. However, the public officials participating in gender governance are also "asked something else" which is being "asked" to work with gender sensibility. Yet this process is “disconcerting”. To the public officials who participated in this research, issue of gender was "an issue distant" from them. In this sense, participants are "forced" to be aware of gender sensibility by the "organization and institution," and they "experience" a "gap between work and daily life”. It can be understood that the factor which drives this stage is the state of gender sensibility which did not start to change yet for the participants. The "first reaction of disinterest" that public officials show when facing gender governance is not simply a "lack of interest" but it encompasses multidimensional meaning such as "not showing interest," "implicit rejection," and "animosity." In the stage of compromise, public officials experience a lot of agony during the process of selecting and notifying business project of gender governance. However, once a business project is selected, gender governance becomes work that participants "cannot keep away from," "regardless of their will.” Gender governance received wide attention from the organization's ultimate arbiter with the purpose of spreading gender awareness since it is collaborative governance type of business selected by citizens, and it is "a business receiving many demands and attention from outside" such as women's organizations and citizens. As such, participants realize that the work they receive pertaining to gender governance is "still in process of having power to change." Thus, stage of compromise is considered as "a process of overcoming indifference and moving forward." In this process, the participants accept gender governance as "work that they have no choice but to do" while also creating "justification of why they personally need to do this work." They also selfishly hope that gender governance will bring reputation or promotion, or even develop altruistic desire that they contribute to gender equality. These hopes are closely related to the form of compromise that participants perceive. The power of compromise is well demonstrated as they try to take the best option they have by self-justification, and achieve the desired goal. At this stage, factors that changed gender sensibility of social workers were such as the expectation and pressure from their organization, sense of responsibility and work ethic as a public official, and desire to pursue publicly valued gender equality. Some important outside factors that changed gender sensibility were such as interest and request of citizens on gender governance business so that it can be utilized for gender mainstreaming in Seoul, as well as social change like the Me Too Movement. Participants who reach stage of deliberation is those who conclude that they "have to do the work" of gender governance and decide to take "the action of gender governance." The "deliberation" that participants experience in gender governance is mainly "the process of contemplating" a "specific way and method" to achieve the goal of their business. Through the "encapsulation of knowledge on gender" that public officials have, they deliberate specific ways and methods for gender mainstreaming, and become aware of their organization's "bureaucratization's system of hegemony." The participants participate in gender governance by cooperating with civic groups, and through process like this, "encapsulation of knowledge on gender within bureaucratization of hegemony" occurs, letting them begin to understand what they need to do. Even though one can attain knowledge, however, applying that knowledge to actual work and cultivating gender equality is a different matter. Especially in the beginning of gender-impact analysis, many public officials were consumed in trying to achieve perfunctory equality, such as having 50:50 ratio of men and women, because they had not considered any specific ways to apply the methods of achieving gender equality. One of the easiest ways was not considering the social·economical·cultural conditions of men and women and adjusting numerical values that are outwardly visible. Participants realized as time passed, however, that this is not the whole of gender equality. This process can be considered as a part of deliberation process, and of considering specific ways and methods to progress with the goal of business in mind. Thus, factors that changed gender sensibility of public officials in this stage were such that they searched information on gender governance themselves during the process of practicing gender governance since they had not acquired enough knowledge on the subject, challenged ways they were used to doing business because of having to make their business as the first case of gender governance, checked their own gender sensibility while working with gender activists, and encapsulated knowledge on gender by gender awareness education. The stage of reconstruction of incompleteness is a continually progressing process which can be shaken, broken, and restructured through the interest and active practice of participants. The participants come to realize that there are "real difficulties" in applying their just-budding gender sensibility to actual policies. In this stage the factors that influence change in gender sensibility of public officials are "various emotions" that came from experiences while participating gender governance business, such as "disinterest," "conflict," "compromise," and "anger," which all become compressed and eventually lead to awareness. Along with personal change in gender sensibility, there was also other important factors that brought change such as declining gender inequality within workplace, generational change in public officials, environment of debureaucratization, overall rise of gender sensibility in society through the recent "#MeToo movement," as well as these public officials having no choice but to participate in this kind of social change because of the particular organization they belong in as public officials. To make the gender sensibility of public officials firmer in the process of practicing gender governance, first, the role of private sector that participates in gender governance must be clarified. In gender governance, private sector must take responsibility of each role as a policy maker, mutual practitioner, deliverer·distributor of information and policy, as well as creating together a public space as a passage way of communication for regular citizens. Second, for gender equality related policy-making agenda, strengthening policy capacity of private sector is needed. For strengthening of policy capacity, sufficient sharing of information and field work is required. To make sure that information shared between the participants of gender governance is not uneven, constant sharing is needed as well as making sure that the shared information does not stop within the governance and is distributed to many citizens by making sure the information's delivery system is made clear. Receiving education and training to systematize this should be considered as basic knowledge and responsibility for those who participate in the governance. People and bureaucracy need to look over this vision as a way of operating governance, and work is needed through coordinating values, perspectives, theories, and various education for operation. Third, for different kinds of policy sites and people to participate, range of participants need to expand and made sure to give chance to participate. The strength of gender governance is that it does not have legal force, and it can have flexibility in its operation. Ways of various participation and system for communication should be provided using this strength. Fourth, those who participate in gender governance need to form a horizontal relationship. The structure of society indicates cultural background that is embedded within society which influences cooperation and harmony, and a society of highly developed horizontal relationship is likely to have better cooperation. If a horizontal partnership can be formed, social trust will develop as well. As such, there must be sharing of operation rules so that those who participate in gender governance will form horizontal relationships, and adequate system and division of roles are needed for this application. Fifth, the cooperation of related organizations as well as formulation of system for cooperation should be constructed in the policy sites. Figuring out causes and solution to many issues that are evident in today's society are complicated, so the integrated cooperation of various areas is needed. It was the strength of social capital that allowed gender governance to go from just being a communication system for bureaucracy and people by operating in the interest of gender mainstreaming policy sites, to develop into a cooperative governance that discusses direction of policy and how to apply it. By starting from the stage of collecting human resources to resolve the interest, it is expanding to build network and trust, and creating a new type of social capital based on principle of mutual reciprocity. As a result, gender governance will become a process that public policy's trust and influence can create. 본 연구는 성주류화 정책으로서의 젠더 거버넌스 실행 과정에 참여한 공무원들의 젠더 감수성이 어떻게 드러나고 변화하는지, 그리고 어떤 점이 그들의 변화에 영향을 주는지를 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 젠더 거버넌스에 참여한 공무원들의 변화는 크게 4개 과정을 거치고 있었다. 무관심 단계, 타협 단계, 숙고 단계, 그리고 미완의 재구성 단계가 그것이다. 이들 각 단계의 변화가 순차적으로 일어난 것은 아니다. 이 연구에 참여한 16명의 공무원들을 심층 면담한 자료를 분석하고 분류화하는 과정에서 공통적으로 나타난 특징이다. 무관심 단계에서 공무원에게 젠더 감수성은 ‘업무’를 수행하기 위해서 접하게 되는 용어 중 하나일 뿐이다. 기존의 공무원에게 요구되는 업무는 법정 추진 체계에 따라 업무를 수행하고 그에 걸맞은 성과를 도출하도록 제도적·행정적으로 지원하는 것이 주 역할로 규정되어 왔다. 그러나 젠더 거버넌스에 참여하는 공무원들은 ‘또 다른 요구’, 즉 젠더 감수성을 가지고 ‘업무를 수행’하도록 ‘요구받는 것’이다. 이들에게 이 과정은 ‘당황’스럽다. 이전까지 젠더 문제는 본인과는 ‘거리가 먼 이야기’였기 때문이다. 이런 상황에서 참여자들은 '조직적'으로 젠더 감수성이 ‘강요’된다고 느끼며, 현실적으로 ‘업무와 일상의 괴리’를 '경험'하게 된다. 이 단계에서는 아직 참여자들의 젠더 감수성 변화가 시작되지 않은 상태이다. 또한 공무원들이 젠더 거버넌스에 직면해서 보이는 ‘첫 반응이라 할 수 있는 무관심’은 단순히 ‘관심 없음’이 아니라 ‘무반응’, ‘암묵적 거부’, ‘반감’ 등 다차원적인 의미를 지니고 있다. 타협 단계에서 참여자들은 원하는 목표를 달성하기 위해 타협의 양태를 취한다. 젠더 거버넌스 대상 사업 선정과 통보 과정에서 해당 공무원들은 여러모로 진통을 겪게 된다. 하지만 일단 대상 사업으로 선정된 이상 참여자들에게 젠더 거버넌스는 ‘개인의 의지와 상관없이’ 이제 ‘더 이상 물러날 수 없는 업무’가 된다. 젠더 거버넌스가 시정의 성주류화 확산이라는 목표 아래 조직의 최고 의사 결정권자의 높은 관심을 받고 있으며, 시민 참여로 선정된 시정 협치형 사업이니만큼 여성단체 및 시민 등 ‘외부의 관심과 요구가 많은 사업’이기 때문이다. 이처럼 참여자들은 자신이 맡은 젠더 거버넌스 업무가 ‘변화의 동력을 향해 가고 있는 과정임을 인정’한다. 따라서 타협 단계는 ‘무관심을 넘어 앞으로 나아가는 과정’이라고 볼 수 있다. 이 과정에서 참가자들은 젠더 거버넌스를 ‘어쩔 수 없이 자신이 해야 할 업무’로 받아들이면서도 ‘스스로 이 업무를 해야 하는 당위성’을 만들어내기도 하고, 젠더 거버넌스를 통해 승진이나 평판 같은 이기적 기대와 함께 성평등에 기여한다는 이타적 기대를 갖게 된다. 이런 기대들은 참여자들이 보이는 타협의 양태와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 결국 자기 합리화를 통해 원하는 목표를 달성하기 위해 최적의 행위 방식을 취한다고 할 수 있다. 이 단계에서 공무원들의 젠더 감수성 변화를 추동한 핵심 요인들은 조직의 내부적인 압력과 기대, 공무원으로서의 직업의식과 강한 책임감, 성평등이라는 공공의 가치 추구 등이라 할 수 있다. 한편 외부의 추진 동력으로는 서울시의 성주류화를 추진하기 위한 도구로서 젠더 거버넌스 사업에 대해 갖는 시민들의 관심과 요구, 미투 운동과 같은 사회적 변화가 핵심인 것으로 나타났다. 숙고 단계는 이젠 젠더 거버넌스 ‘업무를 해야 한다’는 결론에 도달한 참여자들의 ‘젠더 거버넌스 실천(action)에 대한 마음먹기’라고 할 수 있다. 젠더 거버넌스 참여자들이 경험하는 ‘숙고’는 본격적으로 사업의 목적에 맞추어 실행하기 위한 ‘구체적인 방법과 수단’을 ‘고민하는 과정’이다. 공무원들이 가지고 있던 ‘젠더의 지식화’를 통해서 성주류화를 위한 구체적인 방법과 수단을 숙고하고, 자신들이 속해 있는 조직의 ‘관료제의 헤게모니 구조’를 인식하게 된다. 젠더 거버넌스에 참여하며 시민단체와의 협업과 같은 일련의 과정들을 통해 ‘관료적 헤게모니 안에서 젠더 지식화’가 일어나고, 참여자들은 자신이 무엇을 해야 할지에 대해서 어렴풋이 이해하게 된다. 그러나 관련 지식이 생겼다고 해도 그것을 어떻게 실제 업무에 적용하여 성평등을 구현해낼 것인가는 또 다른 문제이다. 실제로 성별영향평가 초기, 많은 공무원들이 남;여=50;50과 같은 기계적 평등에 집착하는 경향이 있었던 것도 성평등이라는 가치를 어떻게 만들어갈 것인가에 대한 구체적인 적용 방법에 대해서는 미처 생각해보지 못했기 때문이다. 그래서 가장 손쉬운 방법 중 하나가 남녀가 처한 사회·경제·문화적 조건들은 고려하지 못한 채, 가시적으로 보이는 수치를 인위적으로 조정하여 맞추는 것이었다. 하지만 시간이 지나면서 참여자들은 결코 성평등은 눈에 보이는 수치가 전부가 아니라는 것을 깨닫기 시작한다. 이러한 과정 또한 사업의 목적에 맞추어 구체적인 방법과 수단을 고민하는 숙고의 일환이라고 볼 수 있다. 이 단계에서 공무원들은 스스로 필요한 자료를 찾아 나서고, 자신의 사업을 젠더 거버넌스에 대한 첫 사례로 만들어내야 하는 상황에 당면한다. 따라서 이 단계에서 공무원들의 젠더 감수성 변화를 추동한 요소들은 그동안 익숙하게 해왔던 업무 방식에 대한 도전, 젠더 활동가와의 협업 과정에서 마주하게 되는 개인의 젠더 감수성 점검, 성인지 교육을 통한 젠더 지식화 등이라고 할 수 있다. 미완의 재구성 단계는 인식의 변화는 완성형이 아니라 관심과 실천을 통해 기존의 틀을 흔들고, 해체하며, 재구성을 끊임없이 반복해나가는 현재진행형(ing)임을 의미한다. 참여자들은 이제 갓 싹을 틔운 젠더 감수성을 정책에 적용하는 데 여러 가지 ‘현실적 난관’이 존재한다는 사실을 깨닫게 된다. 따라서 이 단계에서 공무원들의 젠더 감수성 변화를 추동한 요소는 젠더 거버넌스 사업에 참여하는 동안 경험했던 ‘무관심’과 ‘갈등’, ‘타협’, ‘분노’ 등의 ‘다양한 감정’들이 응집되어 의식화로 이어진 것이 핵심이라 할 수 있다. 또한 개인의 젠더 감수성 변화와 더불어 조직에서 나타난 직장에서의 성차별 완화, 공무원들의 세대교체, 탈 관료적 분위기, 최근의 ‘#미투 운동’을 통한 사회 전체의 젠더 감수성 향상, 이러한 사회 변화 요구에 동참할 수밖에 없는 공무원 조직의 특성 등이 이러한 변화에 일조한 것으로 볼 수 있다.

시판 고추장기업의 브랜드 진정성이 브랜드에 대한 이미지, 신뢰, 충성도에 미치는 영향 : 제품관여도의 조절효과를 중심으로

배화순 대구가톨릭대학교 2019 국내박사

Recently, a decrease in the technological gap between companies has been intensifying competition. Companies’ emphasis on the merits of their own brands, the unstable environment of market, rapid changes in consumer trends, and the emergence of similar brands will make consumers’ purchase decision increasingly difficult. Consequently, consumers will turn to trust and interest in ‘brands and their authenticity’ more as decision-making strategies for selection. Thus, it may be said that in the contemporary society, a company’s brand authenticity is not concerned merely with profit seeking, but is connected with the existence of a company’s goals, mission, and practice for consumers and society. Therefore, building brand asset requires research on new brand authenticity that can accommodate the changes of the times and the value proposition of changed consumers. Hence, this study aims to identify factors that influence the brand authenticity of companies selling gochu-jang, a Korean traditional seasoning food, in the market and the effects of brand authenticity on brand image, brand trust, and brand loyalty. For this study, consumers living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk, who had the experience of purchasing the brand products of gochu-jang (produced by Company D and Company C) in the market and using them, were sampled, and a questionnaire survey was conducted with them. Convenient sampling was used to select the sample, and the questionnaire survey was carried out from June 7, 2017 to September 10, 2017. In the direct survey, a total of 460 questionnaires were distributed, and 417 copies among them, excluding 43 copies of insincere response, were used for empirical analysis. As for analysis methodology, reliability analysis and factor analysis were performed, and frequency analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the sample. Further, multiple regression analysis and simple regression analysis were carried out to test the influence relationships among brand authenticity, brand image, brand trust, and brand loyalty, using IBM SPSS statistical package 20.0, and hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to test the moderating effect of product involvement. The results of empirical analysis based on literature review and the questionnaire survey are as follows: First, among measurement variables used for the brand authenticity of the commercial gochu-jang companies, 1 item was deleted from 4 items of brand consistency because its structural division was ambiguous, and then a total of 11 questions, which comprised 4 items of brand originality, 3 items of brand consistency, and 4 items of brand authenticity, were used in the analysis. And 5 items of brand image and 6 items of brand trust were used in the analysis. In addition, reliability test and validity test on 5 items of product involvement and 5 items of brand loyalty showed their high fitness. Second, the analysis showed that the brand authenticity (originality, consistency, and traditionality) of the commercial gochu-jang companies had positive (+) effects on brand image. Third, the analysis showed that the brand authenticity (originality, consistency, and traditionality) of the commercial gochu-jang companies had positive (+) effects on brand trust. Fourth, the analysis showed that the brand image of the commercial gochu-jang companies had positive (+) effects on brand trust. Fifth, the analysis showed that the brand image of the commercial gochu-jang companies had positive (+) effects on brand loyalty. Sixth, the analysis showed that the brand trust of the commercial gochu-jang companies had positive (+) effects on brand loyalty. Seventh, as a result of testing the hypothesis that product involvement would moderate the relationship between the brand authenticity and brand image of commercial gochu-jang companies, it was found that product involvement moderated the relationship between brand originality and brand image. In addition, it was found that product involvement moderated the relationship between brand traditionality and brand image. Eighth, as a result of testing the hypothesis that product involvement would moderate the relationship between the brand authenticity and brand trust of commercial gochu-jang companies, it was found that product involvement moderated the relationship between brand traditionality and brand trust. The findings of this study have theoretical value in that it was the first attempt that identified the moderating effect of product involvement on the relationship between brand authenticity and brand image, and also in that it was the first attempt that identified the moderating effect of product involvement on the relationship between brand authenticity and brand trust. That is, it may safely be said that this study represents a new theoretical approach that uses as a moderating variable the product involvement, which is a personal resource that improves brand image and brand trust through brand authenticity. Given the findings of this study showing that brand traditionality, a sub-factor of brand authenticity, had a strong influence on the outcome variable, commercial gochu-jang companies will have to adopt brand strengthening strategies based on brand traditionality. For example, it is judged that it is the most important of all to build a differentiated system that maintains consistent product quality by developing traditional techniques differentiated from other brands in the process of gochu-jang manufacture.

역할놀이 수업이 법적관용성에 미치는 영향

배화순 서울대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사