실시간 유체 애니메이션을 위한 선형 컨벌루션 기반의 해수면 표현방법

강경헌 동신대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

In computer graphics, fluid dynamics are used for animating and expressing the various special effects of water. It takes a fair amount of mathematical work and a lot of time to express the realistic water because the water already has enough of complexity by itself. As the hardware gets better and better, it now is a lot more possible than before to do the real-time simulation of complicated algorithm. However it still cost a lot of time to do the detail expressions, so the research for the balance, between the technology and the reality, is needed. After all expressing the objects like water will eventually face the interaction with the external environment, so to express this; the priority comes to sacrificing the physical reality to preserve the visual reality. It is very complicated to visualize the water expression that interacts with the external environment, because the reality water expression has to express the physical sequence so the real-time simulation is difficult to make. Also the Wave Equation cannot be done precisely in local control area, though it can actually visualize the large area of the water. This paper will propose about the techniques to control and visualize the water fluid in large scale and also about the enabling the local controls at the same time, visualizing the water surface by using the height field and linear convolution, and the interaction between 3D object and water surface through Sphere Model, in real-time simulation. The proposed method supplemented the linear convolution’s problem; the average weight’s application to large scale fluid simulation. Following the usersdemand the method will provide the external environment such as terrain, and the interaction with the object in real-time. So it is expected to create a new type of game playing factor in user dialogism games. CG(Computer Graphics)에서 물을 애니메이션하거나 다양한 특수효과를 표현하기 위해 유체역학의 기술들이 사용되고 있다. 물은 물리적 처리에 있어서 타고난 복잡함을 포함하고 있기 때문에 사실적으로 표현하는 것은 방대한 계산량과 많은 제작시간이 소요된다. 하드웨어 성능이 높아지면서 복잡한 알고리즘들의 실시간 시뮬레이션이 가능해지고 있지만 정밀한 표현에는 여전히 많은 시간이 소요되므로, 성능과 사실성 사이의 균형을 위한 다양한 기술들의 연구가 필요하다. 결국 게임과 같은 문맥을 가지는 곳에서는 물과 외부환경과의 상호작용에 의해 발생되는 효과를 실시간으로 표현해야 하기 때문에, 물리적 사실성을 어느 정도 희생하더라도 시각적인 사실성을 유지하는 범위에서 실행 성능을 높이는 것이 우선시 된다. 외부요소와 상호작용하는 사실적인 물의 표현은 물리적으로 정확한 규칙을 구현하여야 하므로 실시간 시뮬레이션이 어렵고, 파동 방정식을 이용하는 물표현 방법은 넓은 영역의 물을 실시간으로 표현할 수 있으나 지역적 제어가 어렵다는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 넓은 영역의 유체를 실시간으로 표현하면서 지역적 제어를 가능하게 하기 위하여, 높이필드와 선형 컨벌루션을 이용한 물표면 애니메이션 방법과 경계구(Bounding Sphere)모델을 이용한 객체와 물표면과 상호작용하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 대규모 유체시뮬레이션에서 가중치 평균값의 적용에 의해 물결과 같은 파동의 이동을 표현하기 어려운 선형 컨벌루션의 단점을 보완하였다. 또한, 사용자의 요구에 따라 지형과 같은 외부환경요소나 객체와의 상호작용을 실시간으로 만들어냄으로써, 게임과 같은 사용자 대화식 시뮬레이션에서 새로운 게임플레이 요소를 생성할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

金融自律化에 따른 銀行經營戰略

강경헌 경북대학교 경영대학원 1984 국내석사

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems with which commercial banks are facing and to inquire into some conditions of banks development under the financial liberalization movement. Chapter two summarizes the circumstance and aspect of commercial banks in recent years. ① The commercial banks in Korea have exhibited remarkable growth for the last 20 years since the launch of first economic development plan. Compared with the growth of non-bank financial intermediaries, however, the commercial banks have experienced relative backwardness, thus the share of financial market has been decreased. For example commercial banks share of deposits has remarkably fallen from 53.9% in 1971 to 35.7% in 1983, as well as the share of loans shows a drop from 53.5% to 35.5% during the same period. The most important reasons for this weakness of role of commercial banks are comprehensive government control and regulation on managerial decision about capital mobilization and allocation of funds. Besides this is mainly because non-bank intermediaries showed rapid growth during 1970s since government allowed the establishment of various non-bank financial institutions, while specialized banks participate aggressively in deposit taking thus competing with commercial banks. With the external intervention of management, investment efficiency of commercial banks has been lowered, resulting the instability of profitability. ② Financial, environment is getting ;more, competitive and, the restraints on banks activity are eliminated gradually, Government measures include-the;-selling of the government-owned shares of commercial banks, reorganization of preferential loans, amendment, of financial-related statues, and diversification of banking business. ③ The pursuit of electronic banking. and office automation (OA) has. great influence upon the organization and managemet of banks. Before long the banks organization is expected, to be changed to a information-oriented organization. Chapter three reviews the policy and long-range objective which is required. in competitive system as a premises of banking development. ① To establish the autonomous -management system, above all, the operation of government economic policy should be based on free economy principle and market price mechanism. Therefore 'it is natural that the restriction on budget, personnel, pay, and organization should be got rid of, -while the dependent. attitude of banks must disappear.: ② Under the financial liberalization movement the bank management is to be directed toward integration of profitability principle and public confidence. ③ Nowadays we can find that specialized banking system is transformed into, universal banking system, and Korean financial system is thought to be toward the very same way. Consequently confronting universal banking system, it is. necessary for commercial banks to strive for development of financial instruments and market cultivation. Chapter four discusses the urgent problems and concrete devices for commercial banks growth. ① To improve unity of organization, w e can assert, current system of board of directors is to be reconstructed, the function of committee to be enhanced, and divisionalized organization to be introduced. In particular in a introduction of divisionalized organization, three preconditions-decentralization of power, establishment of customer-oriented organization, reenforcement of planning and co-ordination function are needed. ② The independent profit system, which has aimed at financial accounting for the purpose of branch control, should be applied with a view of managerial accounting. The effectiveness of independent profit system, -is-guaranteed only by decentralization of power, reasonable appraisal of branch achievement, set up of responsibility accounting, and the colse relationship with budget system. ③ It is demanded that the competition principle should be introduced in the personnel management, so that contemporary seniority system has to be coupled with merit system. Furthermore the fundamental direction of long-range management should be founded on man-power development and personnel segmentation policy. ④ The pursuit of electronic banking and office automation is major factor which determines the growth of commercial banks. For this reason, we might say, the, pursuit of electronic banking and office automation should be implemented steadily. Especially the total system which could connect all accounts, needs to be established. In addition efforts to prevent computer crime and technical difficulties are requisite. ⑤ Banking internationalization is important subject to accelerate the growth of commercial banks, because growth rate and marginal productivity of capital of international banking business is higher than that of domestic banking business. Important factors of internationalization are proper disposition. of. foreign branch network, improvement of banks confidence, training of experts in international banking and foreign exchange, and development of financial techniques, etc.