Facile design of novel hybrid inorganic-organic materials engineered for solar cells and supercapacitors

Ambade, Rohan B Chonbuk National University 2017 국내박사

CoFe₂O₄ 나노입자의 제작 및 크기에 따른 MRI 조영특성

김영남 청주대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

Magnetic NP (nano-particle)-based MR (magnetic resonance) imaging contrast agent has been the subject of extensive research fields over the past decade. The iron-oxide particle size of this contrast agent varies widely, and influences their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. There are well known two ways to synthesize magnetic NPs, which are organo-metallic and aqueous solution co-precipitation methods. The former has an advantage in controlling particle size, and a disadvantage that the particle should be coated with hydrophilic compound to make it soluble in water. The NPs made by the latter method are intrinsically water-soluble, but they have relatively wide particle size distribution. Size-controlled water-soluble NPs may give us a lot of possibilities in MRI contrast agents, cell sorting and labeling applications. We synthesized CoFe₂O₄ NPs by the aqueous solution co-precipitation method. Then, the NPs were separated to four sized groups by centrifugation depending on the speed. The crystal shapes and size distributions of the four separated group NPs were measured and confirmed by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) measurements. The mean particle sizes of the four groups were 19±4, 23±6, 39±8, 68±16 nm, respectively. The NPs have inverse spinel structure which was confirmed by XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurement. Size-dependent MRI contrast properties were measured by 4.7 T animal MRI system. T2 relaxivity of the magnetic NPs was increased with the particle size and it was in the range between 66 and 302 mM^(-1)s^(-1). The saturation value of the T2-relaxivity with particles size was about 320mM^(-1)s^(-1). We suggest that the Group A NPs can be used as a T2 contrast agent with almost maximum T2-relaxivity (~94% of saturation value).

Supercapacitor 적용을 위한 전도성고분자의 template 전기중합 연구

Ambade, Rohan B 전북대학교 일반대학원 2012 국내석사

그린제품의 외재적 속성이 가치지각과 구매의도에 미치는 영향 : 친환경 세탁세제를 중심으로 : Focused on Environmental-Friendly Laundry Detergent

류민지 경북대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

Many consumers have difficulty in choosing products due to the lack of information about the products. In this situation, consumers have usually considered the attributes of products to evaluate them. Especially, extrinsic attributes have been frequently referred by consumers. The purpose of this study is to describe how extrinsic attributes of green product influences on perceived value and purchase intention of green product focused on environmental-friendly laundry detergent. In order to achieve the above purposes, the study carried out a literature study and an empirical analysis. Based on the obtained data through the literature study, the study designed a study model for the empirical study. Questionnaire surveys were conducted on individuals who were purchased or considered environmental-friendly laundry detergent within six month. We used a LISREL 8.70 structural equation model in order to verify the proposed hypotheses. The results of this study are as follows. First, brand image, trust for eco label, attitude toward advertising as extrinsic attributes of green product had a positive effect on each perceived value such as functional value, emotional value, social value, environmental value. However, the price about perceived value had not significant results. Second, Perceived value such as functional value, emotional value, social value, environmental value had a positive effect on purchase intention of green product. The results of the article provides implications for the potential marketing strategies for the promotion of green products. Last, the limitations of research and directions of future research are suggested.

환경라벨링에 대한 소비자 혼란이 부정적 구전, 불신, 불만족에 미치는 영향 : 부정적 감정의 매개효과를 중심으로 : Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Negative Emotion

문선정 경북대학교 대학원 2014 국내박사

Extensive choices and options of the products provided by the companies can cause serious confusions to the consumers rather than giving them the enjoyments of purchasing. The consumer confusions interrupt the rational purchase processes and lead to the purchase failures. Since the consumer confusions have direct impacts on the economic performances of the companies, the confusion issue has drawn much of the marketer’s attention and has been considered as a critical one. In recent years, as more and more consumers have been particularly concerned about the purchase of environment-friendly products, the confusion issue with regard to eco-labelling began to emerge. It is mainly due to the floods of environment-friendly products and all sorts of related eco-labelling and green claims in the market. Many companies use the words like ‘eco-’, ‘green’, ‘natural’ and so on thoughtlessly in order to appeal to the environmental needs of consumers without providing any clear evidences for the appropriateness of the use of the terminologies. Also flourishing of various eco-labels that have no clear meaning adds to the consumer confusions. These phenomena make the consumers think of eco-labels only as a marketing means to induce more purchases and lead to the great distrust of product’s environmental performances. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the consumer confusions of eco-labelling and to suggest some solutions to alleviate the confusion problem. Based upon the existing research, we categorized the confusions of eco-labelling into three dimensions : the similarity confusion, the overload confusion, and the ambiguity confusion. This study attempts to investigate empirically the mediating effects of negative emotion on the relationship between consumer confusions of eco-labelling and consumer’s responses. We proposed the hypotheses that three dimensions of confusions of Eco-labelling have impacts on the negative emotion, and then the negative emotion, in turn, has impact on the negative word-of-mouth, distrust and dissatisfaction. And also, we proposed the hypotheses that consumer’s attribution propensity has moderating effects on the relationship between consumer confusions and negative emotion. This study examined the eco-labelling confusion problems for the two environmental-friendly product categories, i.e., food and dishwashing detergent, the former having more eco-labels than the latter. The models were tested and the results were compared for each product category and then for the combined data. The questionnaire surveys were targeted for the consumers who had purchasing experiences for both the environmental-friendly foods and environmental-friendly detergents. A confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 20.0 was performed as a primary method of statistical analysis for testing reliability and validity of the scales. SEM(Structural Equation Model) of LISREL 8.70 was used to test the hypotheses. The fit statistics of all analyses indicated the satisfactory fits between the models and the data. The results of the structural analyses indicated that the three dimensions of confusions behave differently in their linkage with the negative emotion. The results for the environmental-friendly foods showed that three dimensions of confusions had impacts on the negative consequence variables(word-of-mouth, distrust and dissatisfaction) through mediation of negative emotion. Also, the less the consumer’s internal attribution, there seemed to be a positive relationship between similarity confusion and negative emotion. On the other hand, the results for the environmental-friendly dishwashing detergent revealed that only the ambiguity confusion among the three dimensions of confusions had impacts on the negative consequence variables through mediation of negative emotion. Also, the consumer’s attribution had no moderating effects on the relationship between confusions and negative emotion. Eco-labelling systems having too many ambiguous and similar eco-labels are blamed for creating confusions among the consumers and undermine the credibility of the eco-labelling systems. Therefore the eco-labelling systems need to be consolidated and simplified to reduce the confusion problems caused by the proliferation of similar and ambiguous eco-labelling. Since highly technical and specialized types of eco-labelling also seemed to generate confusions, we need to put more efforts to reduce this kind of ambiguity confusion. In order to reduce such ambiguity confusion we can use relatively simple and clear labels and/or provide appropriate green information to consumers through variety of media and salesperson training. These efforts will help consumers to improve the quality of their purchase decisions and provide more pleasant purchase environments to them.

친환경 식품에 대한 소비자 신뢰의 영향요인이 신뢰 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향

이정민 경북대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

오늘날 소비자들의 친환경 식품에 대한 관심은 특히 광우병, 조류독감, 구제역 등 다양한 먹을거리 관련 문제들이 발생하면서 소비자들의 안전한 먹을거리에 대한 욕구와 함께 급속도로 확산되었다. 이러한 소비자의 변화는 친환경 식품에 대한 관심을 증대시키고 있으며 이에 따라 친환경 식품 구매요인에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 친환경 식품을 구매하는데 있어 소비자들에게 중요한 의미를 지니고 있는 신뢰가 소비자의 구매과정에서 미치는 영향을 보다 구체적으로 분석하기 위해 신뢰를 다차원성에 맞추어 연구하고자 한다. 따라서 대상별 신뢰에 대해 구체적으로 알아보고, 친환경 식품에 대한 소비자 신뢰의 요인들의 정의와 신뢰 및 구매의도에 그들이 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 이와 더불어 이들 개념들 간의 관계를 기초로 연구모형을 설계하고 가설을 도출하였으며 설문지 기법으로 자료를 수집하여 데이터를 통계처리 후 가설검정을 실시하고자 한다. 연구가설을 검정하기 위해 LISREL 8.70 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식모형을 분석하였다. 이와 더불어 이들 개념들 간의 관계를 기초로 연구모형을 설계하고 가설을 도출하였으며 설문지 기법으로 자료를 수집하여 데이터를 분석한 후 가설검정을 실시하고자 한다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 총 15개의 가설 중 13개의 가설이 채택되고 2개의 가설이 기각되었다. 첫째, 소비자 신뢰의 영향요인의 판매원 전문성과 인증마크는 판매점 신뢰에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만 판매점 평판과 가격공정성은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 소비자 신뢰의 영향요인의 판매원 전문성, 판매점 평판, 가격공정성, 인증마크는 제품신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 소비자 신뢰의 영향요인의 판매원 전문성, 판매점 평판, 가격공정성, 인증마크는 판매점 신뢰에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 소비자 신뢰의 하위차원인 판매원 신뢰, 제품 신뢰, 판매점 신뢰가 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 친환경 식품에 대한 소비자 신뢰의 선행변수와 결과 변수의 관계를 검토하였다는 데 의의가 있으며, 몇 가지 한계점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구논문이 지닌 한계점으로 인하여 향후 연구를 촉발시킬 수 있기를 바란다. Nowadays, as many different food-related problems such as mad cow disease, bird flu, and food and mouth disease have occurred, consumers’ interest in environment-friendly foods have become keener and their needs for safe food have been also increasing rapidly. This kind of consumers’ change is arousing attention to environment-friendly foods, which is triggering research on factors related with buying environment-friendly foods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of confidence having significant meaning in consumers when buying environment-friendly foods on their buying process more concretely and investigate confidence in multidimensional aspects. Accordingly, this researcher is going to examine confidence with different subjects in detail, the definitions of consumer confidence factors related with environment-friendly foods, and their effects on confidence and purchase intention. We used a LISTEL 8.70 structural equation model in order to verify the proposed hypotheses. Along with that, based on the relations among those concepts, this author designs a study model and draws hypotheses, and also, collects data with a questionnaire method and processes those data to verify the hypotheses. The results of this study are as follows: According to the results of verifying the hypotheses, among total 15 hypotheses, 13 hypotheses have been adopted, and 2 hypotheses have been dismissed. First, among consumer trust factors, salesperson expertise and certification mark had a positive effects on store trust. However, salesperson reputation and price fairness had not significant effects. Second, among consumer trust factors, salesperson expertise, salesperson reputation, price fairness, and certification mark had positive effects on product trust. Third, among consumer trust factors, salesperson expertise, salesperson reputation, price fairness, and certification mark had positive effects on store trust. Fourth, such multi-dimensional construct of consumer trust as salesperson trust, product trust, and store trust had positive effects on purchase intention. This study is significant in that it has examined the relations between consumer trust’s antecedent and outcome variables regarding environment-friendly foods, but it still exhibits several limitations. Therefore, the limitations of research and directions of future research are suggested.

The Impact of Gender Norms on Gender Gap in Leadership : Focusing on Voice Pitch Analysis

정명진 서울대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

We examine to what extent gender norms affect voice patterns of women in leadership positions by analyzing voice pitch. Motivated by studies that show links between women’s vocal behaviors and gender stereotypes, we investigate whether gender inequalities are related to the gender gap in voice pitch. We hypothesize that women from countries with traditional gender norms will speak in higher-pitched voices than men and that the gender gap in voice pitch will be more pronounced compared to countries with less restrictive gender norms. Using 578 voice samples from 58 countries from 2019 to 2020, we find a statistically robust pattern that the gender gap in average voice pitch increases in countries with less gender equality. 본 논문은 음성 신호의 피치를 분석하여 젠더 규범이 리더십 지위에 있는 여성의 발화 패턴에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지 연구한다. 우리는 여성의 음성과 젠더 고정관념의 연관성을 보여주는 기존 연구에 근거하여 성 불평등 수준과 남녀 간의 음성 피치 격차 사이의 상관관계를 조사한다. 우리는 전통적인 젠더 규범을 가진 나라들의 여성들이 젠더 규범이 상대적으로 약한 나라의 여성들보다 더 높은 피치의 목소리로 말할 것이며, 그로 인해 남녀 간의 음성 피치의 격차도 더 두드러질 것이라 가정한다. 2019년부터 2020년간 58개국 68개 방송 프로그램에서 추출한 578개 남녀 음성 샘플을 사용하여, 우리는 평균 음성 피치의 성별 격차가 성 평등이 덜한 국가에서 증가한다는 사실을 통계적으로 확인했다.

Recent Trends of Public and Private Debts : Cross Country Comparison

이어진 서울대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

본 논문은 2008년 금융위기로 인해 발생한 국가 간 정부, 가계 및 기업 부채의 변화를 살펴보고, 각 부채가 조정된 정도를 연구한다. 이중차분법(DID)에 기반한 회귀 모델을 사용하여 2005년부터 2019 년까지 37 개 OECD 국가간 부채 동향을 살펴보고 비슷한 추세를 공유하는 국가끼리 8개의 그룹으로 분류한다. 한국은 벨기에, 칠레, 핀란드, 룩셈부르크와 함께 그룹5에 속한다. 이 그룹은 금융위기 기간 동안 비 금융 기업 부채 비율이 완만하게 증가하고 공공 및 민간 부채가 지속적으로 증가하고 있음을 보여준다. This paper examines the evolution of government, household, and corporate debt across countries in response to the 2008 Great Recession and the extent to which these debts have been rebalanced. We examine 37 OECD countries from 2005 to 2019 using regression models based on the Difference in Differences (DID) method and classify 8 groups of countries that share comparable trends of debt evolution. South Korea belongs to Group 5 along with Belgium, Chile, Finland, and Luxembourg. This group shows a moderate increase in non-financial corporate debt rates during the crisis and a continuous increase in both public and private debt.

분산전원 수용성 향상을 위한 칼만필터 알고리즘 기반의 연계 모선 3차원 PQV곡면 추정 연구

이민우 목포대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

전 세계적으로 환경 문제로 인하여 기후변화의 등의 문제가 발생하면서 지속가능한 성장에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 기존의 석탄에너지에서 환경 친화적인 재생에너지로의 에너지대전환이 사회적 이슈로 대두 되었다. 대부분의 친환경 에너지는 전기에너지로 변환을 한다. 이에 따라 전기에너지와 밀접한 전력산업이 지금까지 겪지 못한 큰 변화가 예상된다. 재생에너지의 보급에 따라 기반으로 만들어진 분산전원(DG: Distributed Generation)의 전력계통 연계도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 전력계통에서 재생에너지 기반 분산전원의 수용성을 늘리기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행중이다. 본 논문에서는 분산전원의 수용성 향상을 위한 새로운 개발 기법인 P-Q드룹 제어를 제안한다. 이는 직접측정한 모선의 전압을 제어에 사용하지 않고, 유효전력 투입량에 대한 전압을 일정하게 유지할 최적의 무효전력 값을 산출하여 제어한다. 이는 전압측정 오차로부터 과도한 무효전력 투입과 이로 인한 전압동요로부터 자유롭다. 또한, 분산전원의 출력에 의한 전압변화량만을 상쇄하므로 전력계통 운영자의 계통 전압 권한을 침해하지 않는다. 제안한 P-Q 드룹 곡선은 연계 모선(PCC: point of common coupling)에서 측정한 유효전력, 무효전력 및 전압을 사용하며, 계통의 부하 변동 및 측정 오차를 제거하기 위해 칼만필터 알고리즘 기반의 추정기법을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 계통 사용해석 프로그램인 PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용하여 시스템 모델링 및 정상상태 운전 조건에서 시뮬레이션을 진행하였다. Recently, electricity indusry is facing huge challenges dealing with many renewable energy. one of the issues caused by renewable energy. This paper proposes a method to improve the acceptability of distributed generation (DG). DG in the distribution system changes power flow, so that it might increase the voltage on the point of common coupling (PCC). although voltage increase in maximum can be mitigated by consumptions reactive power theoretically, there is no systematic or cardinal rule to determine optimal amount of reactive power. In this study, the optimal amount of reactive power is simply determined by the three PQV curved surface estimation. Based on that, Non-linear P-Q curve estimated by Kalman-Filter algorithm. To emulated the practical applied to the simulation. As the result of the estimation, PQV relationships in various operating points are represented in non-linear polynomials by rejection noise caused by measurement error and random load changes. For study, the distribution system model is implemented based on the real system data. And then, the distribution system model is anlyzed by the power system computer aided desing/electromagnetic trnaien including direct current (PSCAD/EMTDC).

채만식의 『태평천하』와 부쩡풍의 『쏘더』에 나타난 식민지 현실 풍자 비교 연구

르엉티빈 명지대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

본 논문은 채만식과 부쩡풍의 대표작품인『태평천하』와 『쏘더』를 대상으로 1930년대 식민지 현실 풍자에 대해 비교연구하였다. 소설 속 배경을 객관적으로 평가하기 위해 당시 식민지 현실 사회에 대한 연구를 가장 먼저 진행하였으며 작가의 성장 배경, 시대적 인식, 생애와 생활이 작품 속에서 어떻게 반영이 되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 한 작가의 의도적 표현들을 파악하기 위해 작가의 생애와 대표 작품들에 대해 알아보았다. 그리고 본문에서는 『태평천하』와 『쏘더』의 작품 이름이 가진 의미, 줄거리, 등장인물의 외모와 성격을 바탕으로 작중 인물이 살아가는 사회와 그들의 드러내는 반 전통 반 근대 사회 변화에 대한 의식, 혹은 갈등을 살펴보고 비교하였다. 마지막으로 채만식과 부쩡풍이 표현한 풍자 기법에 대한 비교 연구로 마무리하였다. 두 작가는 이기적이고 타락한 사람들과 시대의 부정적인 면을 비판하였으며, 반 봉건, 반 식민지 시기에 존재한 전통성과 근대성 간의 갈등을 드러내고자 했다는 데 공통점이 있다. 그러나 『태평천하』에서는 부르주아 계급의 타락함과 나라의 아픔을 외면하는 그들의 태도에 대한 풍자성이 두드러지는 반면에, 『쏘더』에서는 하류층부터 퇴폐적이고 부패한 상류층까지 모두 조롱하며, 프랑스 식민 치하의 상황을 무조건 옹호하는 상류층의 태도를 비판하고자함이 두드러진다는 차이가 있다. 두 작가는 풍자와 해학이라는 문학적 장치를 통해 사화의 부정적 요소를 작품에 녹여 내어 해당 작품을 오롯이 이해하기 위한 독자의 숙독을 요구한다. 두 작품은 역사적 가치뿐만 아니라 두 나라 국민들에게 외세부터 반항심과 가장의 정신을 불러일으킬 수 있는 정신적 가치도 포함되어 있어 의미가 있다. 본 논문은 식민지 시대 현실 풍자에 초점을 맞춘 작가와 작품을 조명, 비교하면서 해당 작품들의 역사적, 정신적 가치를 부각시켰다는 데 의미가 있다. 또한 기존 연구는 주로 식민지 현실과 풍자 기법을 중심으로 연구되었으나 본 논문은 그와 더불어 전통성과 근대성 간의 갈등도 함께 연구했다는 데 의의가 있다. This thesis focuses on the realism and satirical manifestations of Chae Man-Sik's novel - 『Peace Under Heaven』 and Vu Trong Phung's novel 『Dumb Luck』. Both authors used the context in the Japanese and French colonial periods to reveal the people's social awareness during this period, thereby satirizing misconceptions and highlighting the contrasts between tradition and modernity in this age. In reality, under the oppression and exploitation of Japanese and French colonialism, people during this period had to live in poverty, dependence, and extreme conditions. However, the protagonists and upper-class characters under the pens of Chae Man-Sik and Vu Trong Phung are described on the contrary. They only know how to enjoy their lives and are listless to the nation’s destiny. In 『Peace Under Heaven』, the author focuses on criticizing selfish attitudes, nation betrayal, and the inherently hedonistic thought of the bourgeoisie and chaotic social reality, and embezzlement. Meanwhile, Vu Trong Phung focuses on exposing the fake face of society and the craftiness, and the cunning and incestuous nature of the upper class. The background of the age in the two novels is the occurrence in the 1930s, which was the intersection time between traditional and modern culture. Therefore, the formation of conflicts between old and new inside the characters and within the relationship between the characters is inevitable, especially for female characters who are always sensitive to the fluctuations of the times. The female characters in both novels have an attitude of desiring to escape from the male power in the family, yet they are not able to express it due to feudalism. However, among the female characters in the 『Peace Under Heaven』, modern perceptions appear so unseemly that even oneself is difficult to detect. In contrast, the modern perception among the female characters in 『Dumb Luck』 is movement and forced. It is best shown in the characters’ depiction and the daily dialogues between the characters in terms of satirical expression. Both authors use methods of comparison, exaggeration, etc. to portray the characters’ appearance and personal traits, while at the same time satirizing the old-fashioned society and misconceptions of the characters. However, the different point is that in the 『Dumb Luck』, satirical expressions appear right in the way to give characters' names, but this does not appear in the other one. Although both works denounce the periphery and selfish attitude of a part of the people during the colonial period, 『Peace Under Heaven』 focuses on corruption and attitudes to the national pain of the bourgeois class, while 『Dumb Luck』 mocks the neglect and blind support of all classes, from the lower class, middle class to upper class. Chae Man-Sik and Vu Trong Phung use indirect methods, i.e. satirical to deeply condemn the bad sides of society at that time. Therefore, understanding the two works requires the reader to spend time brooding over each sentence and every situation. The study of two works is not only an opportunity for readers to learn about the social situation of Korea and Vietnam in the 1930s but also a chance to recognize the spirit of national unity and patriotism of both nations.