深沢七郎文学のアイロニー構造と戦争批判 『笛吹川』「異説太閤記」を中心に = Irony and the Critique of War in Fukazawa Shichiro’s Works: On Fuefuki-gawa River and Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Heterodoxy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As a writer who experienced WWII, Fukazawa Shichiro (1914-1987) highlights anti-war themes in his work. This paper mainly focuses on his two novels Fuefuki-gawa River and Heterodoxy about Toyotomi Hideyoshi in order to analyze the ironic framework in which Shichiro levels sharp criticisms of war. The paper is comprised of three parts, namely an analysis of the discordancies that are internal to common folk in Shichiro's work, those between the common folk and the ruling classes, and those which are internal to the ruling class.
In the Afterword to Fuefuki-gawa River, Shichiro proposes the term “backhand”, which denotes a kind of philosophical schizophrenia, as the key concept that expresses the unique outlook of the common folk in his novels. There are ironic contradictions between the expectations of the people who are at the bottom of the social hierarchy and the fate that will realistically be theirs. Despite hating the war, they can’t utterly reject it. They are involved in wars involuntarily, but they simultaneously have a deeprooted and blind belief in the ruling classes who start those wars. In contrast, the ruling classes control the people by disseminating a spirit of self-sacrifice merely in order to satisfy their lust for glory. In this sense, it can be said that in Shichiro’s work the ruling classes are depicted as deeply stupid. He portrays both those at the bottom and the ruler in a wartime context, creating a contrapositive ironic composition. Through the description of the multiple relationships between and among social classes, the complexities of human nature are conveyed objectively, while the anti-war theme is emphasized from the perspective of home and of lived reality. As individuals who are living in the midst of collective violence, including war, we must reflect on our own moral fiber, which is the important subject that Fukazawa Shichiro’s works have presented to us.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

第二次世界大戦を体験した作家深沢七郎(1914~1987)は､しっかりとした反戦思想の持ち主であり､小説で辛辣な戦争批判を表している｡本稿では､小説『笛吹川』と「異説太閤記」を取り上げ､作品全体のアイロニー構造に着目しながら､庶民内部の矛盾､庶民と支配者との対立､支配者内部の虚妄の三つの部分から深沢七郎の「庶民文学」における戦争批判を具体的に検討した｡ 深沢七郎は「『笛吹川』あとがき」で自ら「逆手」という独自の文学観を提示している｡庶民としての作中人物の期待とその運命の間には食い違いが露呈している｡このような「運命の逆転」を受けている庶民は厭戦的な態度をとりながら､戦争を徹底的に否定することもできない｡彼らは戦争に巻きこまれているにもかかわらず､戦争の責任者である支配者階級を根強く盲信している｡それに対し､支配階級は貪欲に「立身出世」を追い求めるがゆえに「殉死」のような「精神」で民衆をコントロールし戦争を引き起こした「アホー者」でもある｡深沢七郎は戦争という極端な場において庶民と支配者を対照的なアイロニー構図として描いている｡両者間の多重関係を通して複雑な人間性を即物的に表現した上､「家」と「生活者」の視点からの辛辣な戦争批判をしている｡戦争をはじめとする集団暴力の場に身を置かれている個人はどのように自分自身を認識すべきか､どのように対応すべきか､この問題への思索喚起が現代における深沢七郎文学の意味であろう｡

참고문헌 (Reference)

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2 松本鶴, "｢笛吹川｣は渉れるのか―その思想を生かした小説技法を中心に―" 山梨県立文学館 (5) : 2000

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6 本多秋五, "現代芸術家の変貌(座談会)" 13 (13): 1958

7 深沢七郎, "深沢七郎集 第三､五､八､九巻" 筑摩書房 1997

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10 深沢七郎, "対談集盲滅法" 創樹社 1971

11 リンダ·ハッチオン, "アイロニーのエッジ-その理論と政治学" 河南大学出版社 2010

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13 D.C.Muecke, "Irony and the Ironic" Methuen 1982

14 J.A.Cudden, "A Di ctionary of Literary Terms" Penguin Books 1977