『태평광기언해』와 번역용례사전 구축

김영옥(Kim young-ok),김정숙(Kim jeong-suk),윤지나(Yun ji-na),김동숙(Kim dong-suk),권경순(Kwon kyoung-sun) 고려대학교 한자한문연구소 2009 동아한학연구 Vol.- No.5

번역용례사전은 조선시대의 번역서인 언해문을 원문과 대조 분석함으로써 어휘의 의미를 찾고, 그 용례를 수록한 사전이다. 따라서 번역용례사전이 구축되면 초학자들은 번역의 기초를 학습할 수 있고, 한문 독해 능력이 일정 수준 이상인 사람들은 번역시에 적절한 번역어를 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 구체적으로 다음과 같은 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 첫째, 번역어를 다양화 할 수 있다. 문학 작품의 경우 기존 사전상의 의미만으로는 작가의 의도 및 작품의 느낌을 제대로 살릴 수 없을 때가 있다. 이러한 문제를 번역용례사전을 통해 해결할 수 있다. 둘째, 현재의 사전에 등록되어 있지 않은 다양한 표제어를 등록할 수 있다. 이를 통해 번역이 용이해진다는 효과가 있다. 셋째, 효과적인 번역이 가능해진다. 기존 사전상의 의미로 번역을 할 경우 우리말이 어색해질 수 있다. 번역 용례사전은 실제 번역된 용례를 보여주기 때문에 이러한 문제를 해결할 것으로 생각된다. 그 밖에도 한문문법 지식의 습득과 번역 학습에 도움을 줄 수 있고 고어사전의 오류도 바로잡을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 'The dictionary of translation examples', contrasts and analyzes with original text of translation book the Korean annotation of Chinese classics' sentence (諺解文) in the Chosen Dynasty Period, looks for meaning of vocabulary, and is dictionary that collect the example. Therefore, if 'Translation example dictionary' is constructed, beginners can study basis of translation, and people who Chinese writing read and understand ability is more than comparative level can find suitable words used in a translation. Concretely, this dictionary can expect following effect. First, this dictionary can offer suitable words used in a translation variously. In the case of literary work, there is case that existent dictionary's meaning can not translate properly writer's intention and work's impression. 'The dictionary of translation examples' can solve through these problem. Second, this dictionary can register various headword that is not registered to current dictionary. Through this, there is effect that translation is easied. Third, effective translation becomes available. In case of translate to existing dictionary's meaning, our language can become awkward. 'The dictionary of translation examples' can solve these problem because show actuality translated example. Else, this dictionary can help learning of Chinese writing grammar knowledge and translation learning. And can correct mistake of archaic word dictionary.

한국문학 번역을 위한 특수 사전 현황 분석

도원영 ( Doh Won-young ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2021 民族文化硏究 Vol.91 No.-

한국과 한국문화에 대한 세계인들의 관심이 높아지면서 한국문학의 세계화가 주요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 다수의 한국문학이 해외 시장에 진출하고 있으나 여전히 한국문학의 수준 높은 작품들이 세계의 독자들에게 충분히 공급되지 못하고 있다. 번역가를 양성하고 번역 활동을 지원하는 일만큼 번역가가 활용할 수 있는 도구와 자원을 확충하는 일도 중요하다. 하지만 그간 학계에서는 이 부분에 크게 관심을 가지지 못하였다. 이에 이 연구에서는 한국문학 번역가들이 활용할 만한 사전의 현황을 살피고자 하였다. 2장에서는 한국문학 번역용 참조 사전의 사전학적 성격을 제시하고 한국문학에 관한 사전의 유형을 정리하였다. 3장에서는 문학어 사전, 작품 사전, 작가 사전, 문학용어 사전, 상징 사전, 이언어/다언어 참조 사전으로 구분하고 출간 현황과 사전의 특징, 한계 등을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 향후 한국문학 번역을 위한 사전 기획과 편찬과정에서 지향해야 할 사항을 정리하였다. As the world's interest in Korea and Korean culture is increasing, the globalization of Korean literature is emerging as a major task. Although a number of Korean literature is entering the overseas market, the high quality works of Korean literature are still not sufficiently supplied to readers around the world. As much as training translators and supporting translation activities, it is important to expand tools and resources that translators can utilize. However, lexicography has not been very interested in this part. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the current situation of dictionary resources that Korean literature translators can use. Chapter 2 summarizes the lexicographic characteristics and types of Korean literature translation dictionaries. In Chapter 3, reference dictionaries for literary translation are divided into novel language dictionary, poetry dictionary, literary dictionary, symbolic dictionary, and bilingual/multilingual reference dictionary, and the current status of publication, characteristics, and limitations of the dictionary are analyzed. Finally, I summarized the matters to be directed in the pre-planning and compilation process for future Korean literature translation.

韓ㆍ日翻訳授業に関する少考

김옥순(Kim Ok Soon,金玉順) 일본어문학회 2015 일본어문학 Vol.71 No.-

This study aims to analize the trend of mistranslation by student translation and machine translation respectively using the modern novels as a text with relatively high frequency of the usage of Japanese, and to consider the direction of instruction for the class of Korean-Japanese translation from now on. The case happens very often that the learners pay no attention to the understanding of meaning in the context of words and then apply to the meaning only in the dictionary. In order to resolve the problems mentioned above, the learners have to realize that dictionary itself is a text of translation, and also are recommended to use of various dictionary such as synonym and basic Japanese dictionary besides Korean-Japanese and Japanese-Korean dictionary. In the case of machine translation script, contrary to the translation by human, it occurs quite frequently that the understanding of context is very difficult and as the result the translation becomes terrible due to the translation by the unit of each vocabulary. The demands on the translation by human are still expected in the field of creative literature now and forever, thus, the more lecture on the Korean-Japanese translation will be needed in the undergraduate studies with reflecting the requirement of translation market of the future. 本研究では和語の使用頻度が比較的高い現代小説を討論のテクストにして、学習者翻訳と機械翻訳の誤訳の傾向を分析し、今後の翻訳授業に参考できる指導方向を考察した。学習者は語彙の文脈上の意味の把握には注意を払わず辞書に載っている意味に拘り誤謬を犯す事例が多発していることが分かった。こうした問題点を解消する方策としては学習者が依存する辞典そのものが一種の翻訳書であると言うことに注目して、韓ㆍ日辞典や日ㆍ韓辞典の他に類語辞典や基礎日本語辞典、日本語教育辞典など多様な辞典の活用を提案したい。機械翻訳文の場合は、人間の翻訳と違って文脈の把握は不可能で、個別の語彙単位の翻訳になって人間の訳文に比べて甚だ拙劣な訳文になってしまうケースが多々ある。特に、翻訳関連市場が和語の使用頻度が高い分野、例えば文学作品のような創作物等の分野では今後も人間による翻訳を必要とするというところに注目したい。将来の日本語翻訳に係わる市場の要求を見据え、学部の翻訳授業でも韓ㆍ日翻訳関連の講座を増やして行くことが望まれる。

이개어 사전의 대응어 기술을 위한 대응어주석말뭉치의 구축과 활용 방안 연구

황은하(Huang, Yinxia) 한국사전학회 2013 한국사전학 Vol.- No.21

In this paper, a systematic method on building and using translation-tagged corpus is proposed for adding translation equivalents to bilingual dictionaries. Inaccuracies and insufficiencies of definitions and translations in existing bilingual dictionaries of Korean and other languages often cause the bilingual dictionaries to fail to function as active dictionaries. This problem is due to the conventional editing method of publishing dictionaries: adding translations to monolingual dictionaries of source languages. This study selected the entry word ‘停’ from one Chinese-Korean dictionary as an example in order to identify problems with translations in existing bilingual dictionaries. Using this example, this study also attempted to build and analyze a translation-tagged corpus to suggest new methods of presenting translations. This study is meaningful because, throughout the process, it suggested fresh implications for the publication of bilingual dictionaries, added new translations, and corrected the errors of existing dictionaries.

사전과 번역과 현대 한국어문학, 고유한 근대 지성의 출현과 전파 번역의 황혼 - 이광수, 제임스 게일, 윌리엄 커의 근대 한국(어)관, The Korea Bookman을 중심으로 -

황호덕 ( Ho Duk Hwang ) 반교어문학회 2016 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.42

근대형성기의 한국어 정리 사업에 있어 서양 선교사들이 행한 위업은 성경과 한 세트가 된 일련의 이중어사전의 편찬으로 나타난 바 있다. 만약 한국근대 번역사의 세 줄기를 각각 문화 내 번역, 이질 언어간 수용 번역, 전파 번역으로 구분할 수 있다면, 서양 선교사들은 성경과 전도서, 서양 고전의 번역을그렇다고 할 때 이들의 활동이 1917년을 전후한 시점 특히 1919년을 기점으로 결정적인 변화 국면을 맞게 되었음에 주목할 필요가 있다. 총독부 통제 하의 초보적 근대 교육과 일본유학을 통해 성장한 청년 문사들이 대거 등장함으로써, ‘서양 문명’의 번역과 한국어와 세계 여러 언어들을 매개해왔던 서양 선교사들이 권위가 흔들리는 한편, 오히려 변화하는 포교 환경에 대응하기 위해서라도 서양 선교사들이 한국 매체의 비평적 담론들을 ‘리뷰’해야 하는 상황이 연출된 것이다. 예컨대 1917-8년에 들어서면서 이광수는 「신생활론」 등을 비롯한 일련의 평문을 통해 유교와 기독교를 한데 묶는 비판하였고, 제임스 스캇 게일 등의 선교사들은 이광수로 대표되는 새로운 근대 지성의 출현에 민감하게 반응했다.종래의 한국 근대 사전사 연구들에서 서양 선교사 그룹의 영향력이 일부 거론되기는 했으나, 서양 선교사가 개입했던 한국어문학의 주요 국면들에 있어 그 영향력이 차고 기우는 과정에 대해서는 설명이 미진하였다. 필자는 본고의 전반부를 통해 한국어문학 연구에 있어서의 서양 선교사 그룹의 담론적 헤게모니가 축소되어 간 과정을 이광수를 비롯한 고유 지성(vernacular intellectual)의 기독교 비판과 그에 대한 서양 선교사 제임스 스캇 게일의 비상한 주목을 통해 해명하려 했다. 또한 후반부에서는 The Korea Bookman(1920-1925)의 한국 근대 학술/매체에 대한 리뷰들, 특히 윌리엄 커의 한국 근대 매체 리뷰들을 통해 어떻게 근대 한국어가 서양어와 일본어라는 두 축 사이에서 하나의 고유성을 획득해 갔는지를 논증하려 했다. 윌리엄 커는 조선인들의 문예잡지의 생장에 각별히 주목하였고, 사상 술어 해제와 같은 말에 대한 자의식을 지켜보며 일본어식 글쓰기들이 한국의 담론장에서 고유화해가는 흔적들에 대한 상세한 보고를 남겼다. 이는 어떤 의미에서 근대 한국 학술에 있어 서양 선교사들의 헤게모니가 황혼에 이르렀음을 보여주는 역할 변경의 사례라 할 터이나, 보기에 따라서는 상보성의 원리 하에서 국내외 학술이 상호 전이되기 시작했음을 알리는 증표이기도 했다. 복수의 언어와 지식들 사이의 상호 전이(轉移)의 가능성, 상호 적용과 재적용(readaptation)의 순환이 시작되고 있었던 것이다. 이제 한국 근대 어휘들은 이중어사전이라는 형태 속의 틀잡기 외에도, 술어사전이나 단일어 사전과 같은 개별성 하에서도 외부의 지식을지시할 수 있게 될 터였다. The accomplishment of the western missionaries in terms of the Korean language readjustment project during the modern formative period has been discussed, focusing on the missionaries’ publishment of bilingual dictionary as a pair with the Bible. When the history of Korean modern translation is divided into three branches such as the translation between cultures, accepting translation between different languages, and propagating translation, we can call the western missionaries as the propagating translators who contribute to modern Korean literature through their translation of the Bible, the book of Ecclesiastes, and western classics. It is worthy of notice that the missionaries’ performance encounters its watershed point around 1917. In particular, 1919 was the time when the young literary men who grew up with a basic education on modernity under the observation of the Japanese Government General and the youth who studied in Japan appeared in the realm of intellectuals. With their appearance, the authority of the western missionaries who were not only in charge of the translation of western civilization but also mediated the Korean language with different languages of the world was dwindling. In order to adjust themselves to the changing missionary environment, the missionaries had to review the discourse of criticism in the Korean medium. As a result, when Yi Kwang-su criticized Confucianism along with Christianity in his essays between 1917 and 1918, such as the essays written in A New Life, the missionaries - for example, James Scarth Gale - sensitively reacted to this emergence of the new modern intellectuals like Yi Kwang-su. Although the influence of the western missionary group has partly addressed in the existing study of the history of Korean modern dictionary, a thorough examination on their significant intervention in the Korean literature was not satisfied. The first half of this paper examines how the discursive hegemony of the western missionary group has been diminishing, focusing on the criticism on Christianity by the vernacular intellectuals, such as Yi Kwang-su, and James Scarth Gale’s particular reaction on the criticism. The latter half of the paper analyzes how the modern Korean language achieves its vernacularity between western languages and the Japanese language, focusing on the Korean Bookman (1920-1925)’s review on the Korean modern scholarship and its medium. In particular, William Kerr’s reviews on the Korean medium need a special attention. He carefully observes the growth of Korean people’s literary magazines and their self-consciousness of words, and leaves a descriptive report on how Japanese style writings become vernacularized in the Korean discursive space. Kerr’s analysis attests that the hegemony of the western missionaries in the modern Korean scholarship reaches its twilight, but at the same time, it proves that the scholarships inside and outside of Korea begin to mutually transfer under the principle of complementarity. In other words, it was the initiation of the possibility of mutual transfer between plural languages and knowledge as well as the circulation of complementary application and readaptation. In this sense, the Korean modern vocabulary becomes enabled to designate the knowledge arrived from outside of Korea beyond its form of bilingual dictionary; it plays its role as an individual form such as a predicate dictionary and monolingual dictionary.

한국어 학습자를 위한 『국립국어원 한국어-외국어 학습사전』의 특징 분석 연구

박정아 ( Park Jung-a ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2017 언어와 문화 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to examine the key features of 『National Institute of Korean Language's Korean-Foreign language Learners' Dictionary』 in terms of dictionary structure, translation method, user convenience and to suggest the effective use of the dictionary. 『National Institute of Korean Language's Korean-Foreign language Learners' Dictionary』 is a bilingualised dictionary compiled on the web that translates the headwords and meanings of 『Basic Korean Dictionary』 into 10 languages. Therefore, this dictionary has all the features of learner's dictionary, translation dictionary, and web dictionary. In order to reflect the key features of the dictionary in the compilation of this dictionary, we designed a preliminary structure, clarified the translation method and detailed instructions, and tried to improve user convenience in searching and using. It is expected that we will analyze the dictionary use in the future and continuously reflect it in the supplement of the contents and service.(National Institute of Korean Language)

사전편찬과 번역 : 인도네시아-한국어, 한국어-인도네시아어 사전의 사례

전태현(Chun Tai-Hyun) 한국사전학회 2003 한국사전학 Vol.- No.2

This study aims to investigate some deficiencies of two bilingual dictionaries, Indonesian-Korean Dictionary (IKD) and Korean¬Indonesian Dictionary (KID). The focus of investigation is on the problems of translation, because each of these two bilingual dictionaries is the piece of translation. In this respect, this paper deals with several critical factors in translation work of IKD and KID from two different perspectives. Firstly from the cultural perspective, I analyze the ways of explanations about the information in entry words. Secondly, I explore the needs to add grammar descriptions in those two dictionaries from the linguistic perspective. The results shows that both of these bilingual dictionaries, IKD and KID uncover a large number of errors and mistakes in selection and translation of culture-specific entry words. In this respect, I argue that most of these kinds of problems are caused either by the translator's ignorance of the exact meaning and usage in the source and target language or by the original deficiencies of the source text. Based on this argument, I claim that bilingual dictionary making is not just an ordinary translation, but rather a professional translation work.

근대 번역문학사 연구와 번역 주체

박진영 ( Jin Young Park ) 한국문학연구학회 2013 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.50

한국 근대문학사에서 번역과 번역 주체는 철저히 외면당해 온 연구 주제다. 근대적인 문학 주체로서 번역가의 생애와 번역 활동을 실증적으로 정리하고 문학사적 위상과 역할을 체계적으로 평가하기 위해서는 번역가 사전 편찬이 시급하고 절실하다. 번역가 사전은 근대 번역문학 작품을 전수 조사하여 집대성하는 한편 광범위한 번역가를 치밀하게 고증하여 조직적으로 총망라해야 한다. 번역의 주체적 동력과 문학사적 효과에 대한 전면적인 재인식을 목표로 삼는 전문적인 인명사전으로서 번역가 사전편찬은 근대 번역문학사 연구의 학문적 근간을 확립하기 위한 출발점일 뿐 아니라 번역의 역사성과 사상사적 문제성을 포착하기 위한 집약적 과제다. 번역가 사전 편찬을 통해 한국 근대문학사 연구의 시각과 방법론을 일신하고 새로운 학문적 의제를 선도함으로써 연구 지평을 대폭 확대할 수 있다. Translation and translators have been completely neglected as a topic of research in the history of modern Korean Literature. In order to empirically organize the biographies and works of translators as figures in modern literature and to systematically evaluate their status and role in the history of literature, a biographical dictionary of translators is urgently needed. The dictionary of translators must be complied by conducting a complete survey of translated modern literature and must contain systematic data based on careful historical research into an extensive range of translators. A specialized biographical dictionary, facilitating new understanding of the effects and autonomous driving force of translation in the history of literature, will serve as not only a starting point or academic basis for the study of translated literature in modern history, but also an intensive project to capture the historicity of translation and its problems in the history of thought. The compilation of a dictionary of translators will significantly broaden the horizon of research by leading to new perspectives, mothodologies, and topics in the study of modern Korean literature.

검색 API를 이용한 빈도 정보 및 상호 정보 기반 명사구 대역어 사전 구축

정현기(Hyun-Ki Jung),김유섭(Yu-Seop Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2012 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.5

We propose a method for building a noun phrase translation dictionary automatically used in English-Korean machine translation, by using retrieval API supported by web search engines. Correct noun phrase translation in English-Korean machine translation much helps users to understand translation results, so it leads the importance of noun phrase translation dictionary. The noun phrase dictionary means a dictionary containing Korean translations appropriately corresponding to given English noun phrases. We firstly extract noun phrases from English sentences and then, retrieve proper Korean translated words corresponding to the words of the phrases from English-Korean dictionary. We then make all possible combinations and decide them to be candidates of appropriate translation and we try to find out the most proper noun phrase translation by using the frequency information and mutual information measures. We show the possibility of building the noun phrase translation dictionary automatically in this research.

对韩中双语词典翻译的批判性考察 — 基于翻译等值理论下的韩中双语词典翻译

왕보하 중국어문연구회 2018 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.85

The paper based on the case of the Korean-Chinese Dictionary published by the Institute of Korean Culture at Korea University, presents a study on the problem of headword translation and example translation of Korean-Chinese bilingual dictionaries on the viewpoint of learners’ lexicography with critical perspective, to discover problems and further be helpful for building up theories and practice activities of Korean-Chinese dictionaries’ compilation. In bilingual dictionaries, first of all, lexical meaning translation embodies in headword translation. The problem of headword translation in Korean-Chinese Dictionary, such as taking a part for the whole, regarding individual cases as general ones, having one-sided views, unequivalent situation, inaccurate translation, untranslated annotation, causes unequivalent lexical meaning of some words. Second, part of speech of the source language headwords is different from the target language words which causes unequivalent in grammar. Third, the situation that the stylistic and register of equivalent Chinese words are different from the source language headwords but they are not be defined or tagged in the original text, causes unequivalent in stylistic. Besides, the cases of explaining certain concepts by using category concepts causes the situation that the pragmatic value is not in existence. As an important part of a dictionary, example and headword translation constitute the soul of the dictionary. From the view of lexical meaning equivalence, form equivalence and function equivalence of example translation in Korean-Chinese Dictionary, some problems exist. First, because of the non-equivalence of lexical meaning between source language headwords and target language words in examples, the situation that the function of explanation could not be fulfilled occurred. Second, the forms of some target language of examples were adjusted,which causes non-equivalence of forms between source language and target language and makes certain differences from the lexical meaning of source language examples . Third, the expression of some target language is not standard and veritable enough, and the situation of adopting equivalences unthinkingly also exists.