Identification and Organization of Task Complexity Factors Based on a Model Combining Task Design Aspects and Complexity Dimensions

Dong-Han Ham 대한인간공학회 2013 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a task complexity model combining task design aspects and complexity dimensions and to explain an approach to identifying and organizing task complexity factors based on the model. Background: Task complexity is a critical concept in describing and predicting human performance in complex systems such as nuclear power plants(NPPs). In order to understand the nature of task complexity, task complexity factors need to be identified and organized in a systematic manner. Although several methods have been suggested for identifying and organizing task complexity factors, it is rare to find an analytical approach based on a theoretically sound model. Method: This study regarded a task as a system to be designed. Three levels of design abstraction, which are functional, behavioral, and structural level of a task, characterize the design aspects of a task. The behavioral aspect is further classified into five cognitive processing activity types(information collection, information analysis, decision and action selection, action implementation, and action feedback). The complexity dimensions describe a task complexity from different perspectives that are size, variety, and order/organization. Combining the design aspects and complexity dimensions of a task, we developed a model from which meaningful task complexity factors can be identified and organized in an analytic way. Results: A model consisting of two facets, each of which is respectively concerned with design aspects and complexity dimensions, were proposed. Additionally, twenty-one task complexity factors were identified and organized based on the model. Conclusion: The model and approach introduced in this paper can be effectively used for examining human performance and humansystem interface design issues in NPPs. Application: The model and approach introduced in this paper could be used for several human factors problems, including task allocation and design of information aiding, in NPPs and extended to other types of complex systems such as air traffic control systems as well.

원전 노즐댐 설치 및 제거 작업의 지연요인 및 지연시간에 대한 전문가 예측 성능 평가

이동하(Dhong Ha Lee) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the expert prediction method for estimating the delay factors and the delay time of the nozzle dam installation and removal tasks. Background: The radiation managers of nuclear power plants have tried to find the delay factors to reduce the delay time of the nozzle dam installation and removal tasks, one of the highest radiation dose tasks performed during the scheduled preventive overhaul period of nuclear power plants. Method: Five experts on nozzle dam installation and removal tasks estimated relative weights for delay factors and the delay time of the task using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. In the experiment using the steam generator water chamber mockup simulator the maximum delay time was measured from the difference between the longest and the shortest performance time of the tasks repeated by the three skilled workers. Results: Some unexpected events during the simulation trial lead to a low statistical correlation between the estimated delay time and the measured delay time of the nozzle dam installation and removal tasks. Expert estimations using the AHP method could not reflect the accidental event such as an unexpected excessively tightening of the bolts on the nozzle dam making the performance time prolonged. Conclusion: The estimates on the delay time using the AHP method were limited in usefulness but the debriefing results showed that the estimates of the delay factors predicted well the real situation of the nozzle dam installation and removals tasks. Application: The AHP method for delay factor estimation might be usefully applied to the other high radiation dose overhaul tasks of nuclear power plants such as refueling, reactor water clean-up, works for decommissioning and so on.

증기발생기 수실 노즐댐 설치 및 제거작업의 피폭선량 저감에 영향을 주는 관리요인에 관한 연구

이동하,Lee, Dhong Ha 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effective managerial factors influencing dose reduction of the nozzle dam installation and removal tasks ranking within top 3 in viewpoint of average collective dose of nuclear power plant maintenance job. Background: International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommended to reduce unnecessary dose and to minimize the necessary dose on the participants of maintenance job in radiation fields. Method: Seven sessions of nozzle dam installation and removal task logs yielded a multiple regression model with collective dose as a dependent variable and work time, number of participants, space doses before and after shield as independent variables. From the sessions in which a significant reduction in collective dose occurred, the effective managerial factors were elicited. Results: Work time was the most important factor contributing to collective dose reduction of nozzle dam installation and removal task. Introduction of new technology in nozzle dam design or maintenance job is the most important factor for work time reduction. Conclusion: With extended task logs and big data processing technique, the more accurate prediction model illustrating the relationship between collective dose reduction and effective managerial factors would be developed. Application: The effective managerial factors will be useful to reduce collective dose of decommissioning tasks as well as regular preventive maintenance tasks for a nuclear power plant.

Hi Herzberg ? : The Role of Compensation Factors and Suggestions for Performance Compensation System

김유규,양우령,김하룡,양회창 국제융합경영학회 2017 융합경영연구 Vol.5 No.1

Purpose - This study extracts performance-reward factors based on the previous studies related to Herzberg’s two-factor theory and performance-reward and proposes a research method to identify how these factors have an influence on task performance directly related to production performance and contextual performance that has an indirect influence. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This study draws performance-reward factors through Focus Group Interview(FGI), classifies them into economic/uneconomic and direct/indirect factors, draws maintenance/improvement factors and unnecessary ones through IPA, and maximizes the effectiveness of performance-reward factors. Results - It also identifies how performance-reward factors have an influence on internal and external motives based on previous studies, classifies performance-reward factors into task performance and contextual performance and identifies the influence relationship between these, and proposes a research model to identify the roles of equity sensitivity based on equity theory. Conclusion - The findings from this study are expected to lay the groundwork for drawing various methods to reduce the turnover rate of employees and be important resources for reinforcing the competitiveness of businesses by classifying the performance -reward factors that may cause internal and external motives from the small and medium-sized manufacturing perspective and presenting methods to identify if these have an influence on task performance and contextual performance.

청소년 문학 텍스트 선정 요인 및 원리에 관한 연구

선주원 한국초등국어교육학회 2010 한국초등국어교육 Vol.42 No.-

이 글은 다양한 요인을 고려한 청소년 문학 텍스트 선정 원리를 이론적으로 모색하고 체계화하는 연구 목적을 설정하였다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 연구자는 첫째, 청소년들의 학교 밖 문학 현실을 구체적인 예를 들어 설명하였다. 둘째, 청소년들의 문학 현실을 건전하게 견인하는, 청소년 문학교육현상에 부합하는 텍스트 선정의 원리를 ‘관련 요인 맥락 피라미드’에 따라 청소년 독자 요인, 텍스트 요인, 매개자 요인, 배경 요인, 과제 요인 등으로 나누어 논의하였다. 셋째, 텍스트 선정 요인 및 원리에 따라 2000년대 후반에 창작된 청소년 소설을 중심으로 청소년들이 읽을 만한 텍스트 목록을 제시하였다. 물론 이러한 논의가 이 글만의 일회적인 시도로 끝날 수도 있을 것이다. 청소년 문학 텍스트 선정의 요인들을 온전히 충족시키는 텍스트 선정이란 있을 수 없기 때문이다. 그러나 일리(一理) 있는 선정은 있을 수 있다. 청소년 문학 텍스트 선정 원리를 논의했다면, 그에 따라 청소년 문학 텍스트를 실제로 선정하고 그 취지를 밝히는 것이 이 글의 본래 의도에 부합하는 것일 것이다. This work established the research purpose groping and systemming theorilly on the selection prinile of the adolescent literary text considering a various factors. For the accomplishment of a research purpose, researcher, the first, made plainthe literary actuality of the outer-school with a concrete example. The second, the selection principle of the text, drawing soundly the literary actuality of a adolescent, coinciding with the adolescent literary teaching phenomenon, was examined dividing into adolescent reader factor, text factor, mediator factor, background factor, task factor, with ‘relation factor context pyramid’. The third, presented the adolescent’ readable text list focused on the adolescent novel created in the latter 2000 through the selection factor and principle of the text. Of course, this examination could be finished the one time trial of the this work. Because the text selection could’nt be perfectly sufficient with selection factor of the adolescent literary text. But could be the selection some truth. Once examined the selection principle of the adolescent literary text, may be concide with the original intention of the this work that selected the adolescent literary text actually, and lightened the aim through that.

청년기 발달과업 성취가 청소년의 5요인 성격특성과 자기존중감 및 행복에 미치는 영향

장휘숙 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2010 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.23 No.2

This study examined how many developmental tasks based on Havighurst's ones in adolescence were achieved and whether there was sex difference in the levels of achievement of developmental tasks with 515 male and female adolescents. Also it was examined whether there were differences in 5-factor personality characteristics, self-esteem and happiness according to the achievement level of developmental tasks. As 6 tasks among 17 developmental tasks had highest proportion in 'already achieved,' 8 tasks in 'just starting' and 3 tasks in 'not yet'. High school period was the beginning time for achievement of typical developmental tasks of adolescence. Interestingly male adolescents tended to be maturer than female counterparts in 4 tasks among 17 developmental tasks. Also it was found higher group in achievement levels of developmental tasks had higher extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, self-esteem and happiness than lower group in achievement levels. 이 연구는 한국 고등학교 남녀 청소년 515명(남: 245명, 여: 270명)을 대상으로 발달과업의 성취가 청년기 발달에 미치는 영향을 규명하려고 하였다. 이를 위해 Havighurst의 청년기 발달과업을 수정하고 확장한 17개의 발달과업들이 사용되었고, 이 과업들이 어느 정도로 성취되었는지 그리고 성차가 있는지를 규명하는 동시에 발달과업의 성취수준에 따라 청소년들의 5요인 성격특성과 자기존중감 및 행복에서 차이가 있는지를 확인하였다. 연구결과 17개 발달과업 중 6개의 과업에서는 이미 이루었다는 응답이 가장 높은 비율을 나타내었으나 8개의 과업은 ‘이제 막 시작했다’는 비율이 가장 높고 3개의 과업은 ‘아직 시작하지 못했다’는 비율이 가장 높아 고등학교 시기는 전형적인 청년기 발달과업을 성취하기 위한 노력이 시작되는 시기임을 보여 주었다. 또한 4개의 과업에서 유의한 성차가 나타나 남자 청소년들이 여자 청소년들보다 더 성숙하다는 해석을 할 수 있었다. 이와 함께 발달과업 성취수준 상집단은 하집단보다 더 높은 외향성과 호감성, 성실성, 경험에 대한 개방성 및 자기존중감을 지니고 더 큰 행복을 경험하여 발달과업의 성취는 곧 성공적 적응을 의미하는 것으로 해석할 수 있었다.

Different Learning Factors and Online Task Completion Scores in the Korean University EFL Context

( Myong-hee Ko ),( Jee Eun Kim ) 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2024 멀티미디어 언어교육 Vol.27 No.1

The present study examines the effects of three learning factors (L2 motivation, academic self-efficacy, L2 grit) on learners’ task completion using 239 Korean EFL university students who studied TOEIC materials online. Participants attended a face-to-face class once a week and completed three types of tasks (videos, assignments, and tests) independently on their own time via an online TOEIC site. At the end of the semester, they completed online surveys on the three learning factors. Gap statistics and the k-medoid clustering technique was used to separate the data for the three learning factors and their sub-domains into two groups. The results showed that there were significant differences in all learning factors as well as their sub-domains. Students with higher motivation, self-efficacy, and L2 grit all scored statistically higher on task completion than their counterparts. In the case of the six sub-domains of motivation, IMK, IMA, IMS and IdR significantly contributed to the effectiveness of motivation. Regarding the three sub-domains of self-efficacy, ‘self-regulation’ and ‘task difficulty’ strongly contributed to the effectiveness of self-efficacy. For the two sub-domains of grit, ‘consistency of interest’ was the major influencing factor. Implications for online L2 instruction were discussed.

병원근로자의 근골격계질환 증상 특성 및 관리방안

박정근(Jung?Keun Park),김대성(Day?Sung Kim),서경범(Kyung?Beom Seo) 대한인간공학회 2008 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) problems have been increasingly reported in hospital sector but the problems were not addressed with respect to holistic aspects of the target population in Korea. Often, it is required to understand how MSD symptoms are associated with factors such as personal, work environmental and psychosocial stressors. To examine features of association between sets of MSD symptoms and the factors, a questionnaire survey was conducted in a university hospital. A 140-item questionnaire was developed and used for collecting information including factors (e.g., job/occupation, task/activity, job stress) and MSD symptoms. A total of 1,091 workers (male 23.7% and female 76.3%) were finally determined for data analyses. Prevalence rate for the whole body was 72% and, among body parts, the highest was 48.7% for the shoulder, followed by 34.6%(the low back), 32.7%(the leg/foot), 27.9%(the neck), 26.7%(the wrist) and 12%(the elbow). The symptoms were significantly different by job/occupational variable in each of all body parts except the neck. The symptoms were very significantly different by task/activity variables in each of all body parts while those symptoms were significantly different by psychosocial variables, depending on body part and gender. In the logistic regression analyses performed for MSD symptoms by body part and each of 3 factors, odds ratio values varied, ranging from 0.7 to 3.3. The controls for reducing the symptoms were discussed on the basis of the findings. The results show that the MSD symptoms can remarkably vary by the factors and, in particular, can be highly differential for the task/activity factor. This study suggests that MSD symptom features be examined by using various factors and then a higher differential factor be primarily utilized for controling MSD symptoms in general industry including hospital settings.

Task Assignment Model for Crowdsourcing Software Development: TAM

Tunio, Muhammad Zahid,Luo, Haiyong,Wang, Cong,Zhao, Fang,Gilal, Abdul Rehman,Shao, Wenhua Korea Information Processing Society 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.3

Selection of a suitable task from the extensively available large set of tasks is an intricate job for the developers in crowdsourcing software development (CSD). Besides, it is also a tiring and a time-consuming job for the platform to evaluate thousands of tasks submitted by developers. Previous studies stated that managerial and technical aspects have prime importance in bringing success for software development projects, however, these two aspects can be more effective and conducive if combined with human aspects. The main purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for task assignment model for future research on the basis of personality types, that will provide a basic structure for CSD workers to find suitable tasks and also a platform to assign the task directly. This will also match their personality and task. Because personality is an internal force which whittles the behavior of developers. Consequently, this research presented a Task Assignment Model (TAM) from a developers point of view, moreover, it will also provide an opportunity to the platform to assign a task to CSD workers according to their personality types directly.

Task Assignment Model for Crowdsourcing Software Development: TAM

Muhammad Zahid Tunio,Haiyong Luo,Cong Wang,Fang Zhao,Abdul Rehman Gilal,Wenhua Shao 한국정보처리학회 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.3

Selection of a suitable task from the extensively available large set of tasks is an intricate job for the developersin crowdsourcing software development (CSD). Besides, it is also a tiring and a time-consuming job for theplatform to evaluate thousands of tasks submitted by developers. Previous studies stated that managerial andtechnical aspects have prime importance in bringing success for software development projects, however,these two aspects can be more effective and conducive if combined with human aspects. The main purpose ofthis paper is to present a conceptual framework for task assignment model for future research on the basis ofpersonality types, that will provide a basic structure for CSD workers to find suitable tasks and also a platformto assign the task directly. This will also match their personality and task. Because personality is an internalforce which whittles the behavior of developers. Consequently, this research presented a Task AssignmentModel (TAM) from a developers point of view, moreover, it will also provide an opportunity to the platformto assign a task to CSD workers according to their personality types directly.