Real time observation of mouse fetal skeleton using a high resolution X-ray synchrotron

장동우,김보라,신재훈,윤영민,제정호,Yeu kuang Hwu,윤정희,성제경 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.2

The X-ray synchrotron is quite different from conventional radiation sources. This technique may expand the capabilities of conventional radiology and be applied in novel manners for special cases. To evaluate the usefulness of X-ray synchrotron radiation systems for real time observations, mouse fetal skeleton development was monitored with a high resolution X-ray synchrotron. A non-monochromatized X-ray synchrotron (white beam, 5C1 beamline) was employed to observe the skeleton of mice under anesthesia at embryonic day (E)12, E14, E15, and E18. At the same time, conventional radiography and mammography were used to compare with X-ray synchrotron. After synchrotron radiation, each mouse was sacrificed and stained with Alizarin red S and Alcian blue to observe bony structures. Synchrotron radiation enabled us to view the mouse fetal skeleton beginning at gestation. Synchrotron radiation systems facilitate real time observations of the fetal skeleton with greater accuracy and magnification compared to mammography and conventional radiography. Our results show that X-ray synchrotron systems can be used to observe the fine structures of internal organs at high magnification.

Radioactivation Investigation for Concrete in Synchrotron-Type Proton Therapy Facilities

Hiroshi Matsumura,Go Yoshida,Akihiro Toyoda,Kazuyoshi Masumoto,Hajime Nakamura,Taichi Miura,Takeji Sakae,Naoaki Kondo The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2025 방사선방어학회지 Vol.50 No.S1

Background: This study aimed to investigate the activation characteristics of concrete in synchrotron-type proton therapy facilities for future decommissioning. The larger synchrotron-type proton therapy facilities have a greater potential impact on decontamination than the cyclotron proton therapy facilities investigated in our previous study. Specific activity levels in the concrete after 30 years of operation in synchrotron-type proton therapy facilities were predicted from the measured thermal neutron fluence rates on the concrete during the operation to compare them with the clearance level. Materials and Methods: The investigations were conducted in the synchrotron-type proton therapy facilities at Medipolis Proton Therapy Research Center and Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital. The thermal neutron fluence rates on the concrete during the operation were measured by three different methods: using 24Na radioactivity produced in concrete, thermoluminescence dosimeters, and Au foils. Results and Discussion: The specific activity levels in the concrete throughout the synchrotron proton therapy facilities were negligible compared with the clearance level. The specific activity level of concrete in the accelerator room in synchrotron-type proton therapy facilities where an accelerator controls the proton energy was much lower than that in cyclotron-type proton therapy facilities where a degrader controls the proton energy. Conclusion: Concrete does not need to be treated as radioactive waste when decommissioning synchrotron-type proton therapy facilities.

Synchrotron infrared spectroscopy and its applications

채복남 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0

Most synchrotron facilities offer a port dedicated to infrared (IR) spectroscopy and infrared-microspectroscopy. The main advantage of synchrotron-based infrared spectroscopy is the brightness of synch-rotron radiation source. The synchrotron radiation source provides brightness 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than a thermal infrared source. Thus, synchrotron based infrared spectroscopy has allowed high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution, especially for low throughput technologies and far-infrared spectroscopy. Infrared beamlines are now facing an increasing demand of beamtime from various disciplines: Polymer Science, Biology, biomedical applications, Earth Science, Environmental science, Chemistry, Cultural Heritage, Archaeology and soft matter. Synchrotron-based infrared spectroscopy and its applications will be presented. In addition, the current status of infrared beamline of PAL will be discussed.

Lattice Design and Electron Cloud Instability in a High-Intensity Proton Synchrotron

김은산 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.4

The proton accelerators for the neutron spallation source and nuclear experiments usually consist of a high-intensity linac and a synchrotron. An important issue in such a high intensity accelerator is to keep particle losses by beam injection from the linac and beam instabilities in the synchrotron down to an acceptable level. We show the analysis results of optics design and beam dynamics for a 4-GeV high-intensity proton synchrotron. A lattice with a high transition gamma is chosen to avoid the beam loss at the transition crossing, and the stabilities on the lattice are also investigated by examining the effects of machine errors. We investigate the characteristics of the electron cloud instability, which may limit the beam performance in the high-intensity proton synchrotron. We present the analysis on the beam dynamics in the proton synchrotron with a low injection energy of around 100 MeV. From these results, we present the results on the choice of injection beam energy and on the available beam power in terms of the space charge effects and the electron cloud instability.

Strip-line injection kicker for PAL-EUV booster synchrotron

Ko Jun Ho,Kim Min Woo,Lee Sojeong,한장희,홍주호 한국물리학회 2024 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.84 No.3

There has been a demand for compact-size extreme ultraviolet (EUV) storage ring synchrotron facilities with sizes within tens of meters for use in the semiconductor industry. To meet this demand, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory developed the PAL-EUV facility in an area of 15 m × 15 m or less. From the constraint, PAL-EUV has a photocathode RF gun, a 3 m S-band linear accelerator, a 22.2 m circumference booster synchrotron, and a 36 m circumference storage ring synchrotron. We use the strip-line injection kicker for the booster synchrotron injection. The booster synchrotron strip-line injection kicker has a 0.24 m efective length, 7.3 kV strip-line kick voltage, and about 10 ns pulse duration. In this paper, we introduce the overall parameters of the strip-line injection kicker, the signal simulation and wake-feld simulation, the result of the high voltage conditioning test under vacuum, and the operation result after the installation in the PAL-EUV tunnel.

Fluorapatite diagenetic differences between Cretaceous skeletal fossils of Mongolia and Korea

Kim, Taehyun,Lee, Yongjae,Lee, Yuong-Nam Elsevier 2018 Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol.490 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The skeletal tissue of modern bones is mostly composed of hydroxyapatite, which contains calcium and phosphate. During diagenesis, calcium, phosphorus and minerals of the hydroxyl group can be exchanged with other elements to form carbonate-fluorapatite. It is well-established that paleoenvironmental evolution and geological events have played a significant role in the compositional changes of fossilized bones. For example, skeletal fossils from the Hasandong Formation (Aptian- early Albian) of the Gyeongsang Basin in Korea are characterized by black and dark colors, whereas dinosaur bones from the Nemegt Formation (early Maastrichtian) of the Nemegt and Altan Uul ranges in Mongolia are light brown and white. This study investigated the mineralogical and geochemical causes for the differences in coloration between these two groups of fossilized bones. Multiple synchrotron-based techniques were utilized, including synchrotron–XRF, –XRD, –X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), micro-XRF and SEM-EDX data to analyze the elemental composition and mineral phases in dark Korean fossilized bones, which are characterized by the presence of iron, aluminum, magnesium and other trace elements. Chamosite was identified as a secondary mineral at 5% by weight of the total fossil mass, which is primarily composed of carbonate-fluorapatite. However, skeletal fossils from Mongolia are characterized by secondary minerals, such as barite, goethite and calcite, which accumulate in pore spaces. Since different secondary minerals result from different alteration procedures, the presence of chamosite in the Korean fossils suggests alteration by spatial replacement, and the presence of barite in the Mongolian fossils suggests alteration by accumulation. The investigation of these two skeletal groups, analyzed using a suite of synchrotron-based multidisciplinary techniques, revealed contrasting mineralogical and geochemical details and helps to determine the origin of fossil colorization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two distinct colorizations in fossilized bones show different degrees of alteration in the original bone material. </LI> <LI> Secondary mineral phases have indicated spatial replacement and precipitation processes during respective alteration. </LI> <LI> Synchrotron-based X-ray techniques are shown to be useful in revealing mineralogical and chemical information of fossils. </LI> </UL> </P>

Design of the KHIMA Synchrotron

임희중,안동현,한가람,박차원,김근범 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.8

The Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator project (KHIMA) has been proposed as an ion-beam synchrotron facility for cancer therapy. The facility will be installed at Gijang, Busan with completion in 2017. The proposed maximum energy of the ions is 430 MeV/u (for carbon) to cover various tumor depths up to 30 cm. For the synchrotron design, we optimized the lattice configuration to fit the therapy. We discuss here the status of the synchrotron’s design.

Current Status and Future Directions of Synchrotron-Based Research on Used Fuel and Radioactive Waste

윤인호,이상호,신영호,김성만,이정묵,김태형,임상호,김종윤 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

Disposal of used Nuclear Fuels and Radioactive wastes is becoming a critical concern in Korea where the decommissioning of nuclear power plants is just around the corner. Improvement in remediation and treatment technologies is now urgently required to reduce the amount of wastes by understanding the complex chemical system composed of various elements. Used fuels are not actually a waste. They contain plenty of artificial elements which can be useful in some specialized applications for the future. Synchrotron techniques such as X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray scattering (XRS), etc. are expected to provide a powerful tool to search for new strategic materials as well as to solve the critical issues in decommissioning and remediation, and safety of the final disposal of the radioactive wastes.

Optimization of the Multi-Turn Injection Efficiency for a Medical Synchrotron

J. Kim,M. Yoon,H. Yim 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.6

We present a method for optimizing the multi-turn injection efficiency for a medical synchrotron. We show that for a given injection energy, the injection efficiency can be greatly enhanced by choosing transverse tunes appropriately and by optimizing the injection bump and the number of turns required for beam injection. We verify our study by applying the method to the Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (KHIMA) synchrotron which is currently being built at the campus of Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS) in Busan, Korea. First the frequency map analysis was performed with the help of the ELEGANT and the ACCSIM codes. The tunes that yielded good injection efficiency were then selected. With these tunes, the injection bump and the number of turns required for injection were then optimized by tracking a number of particles for up to one thousand turns after injection, beyond which no further beam loss occurred. Results for the optimization of the injection efficiency for proton ions are presented.

방사광 X-선을 이용한 리튬이온전지 소재의 실시간 구조 분석 연구

한다슬(Daseul Han),남경완(Kyung-Wan Nam) 한국세라믹학회 2019 세라미스트 Vol.22 No.4

The development of next-generation secondary batteries, including lithium-ion batteries (LIB), requires performance enhancements such as high energy/high power density, low cost, long life, and excellent safety. The discovery of new materials with such requirements is a challenging and time-consuming process with great difficulty. To pursue this challenging endeavor, it is pivotal to understand the structure and interface of electrode materials in a multiscale level at the atomic, molecular, macro-scale during charging / discharging. In this regard, various advanced material characterization tools, including the first-principle calculation, high-resolution electron microscopy, and synchrotronbased X-ray techniques, have been actively employed to understand the charge storage- and degradationmechanisms of various electrode materials. In this article, we introduce and review recent advances in in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray techniques to study electrode materials for LIBs during thermal degradation and charging/ discharging. We show that the fundamental understanding of the structure and interface of the battery materials gained through these advanced in-situ investigations provides valuable insight into designing next-generation electrode materials with significantly improved performance in terms of high energy/high power density, low cost, long life, and excellent safety.