Whole-genome identification and salt- and ABA-induced expression trends of the Nicotiana tabacum CKX gene family

Chen Wenwen,Wang Genhong,Yi Meiqin,Gao Tianke,Song Chunman,Gao Qian,Xia Qingyou,Xiang Haiying 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.3

Cytokinin hormones are indispensable for plant growth and development. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) helps regulate the dynamic balance of endogenous cytokinin levels. However, little is known about the CKX genes of Nicotiana tabacum (NtCKXs). In silico analyses were used to isolate, characterize, and elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of 15 NtCKX genes. Multi-species phylogenetic tree construction placed NtCKX1–15 on five of the eight branches of the CKX phylogenetic tree. Protein structure and network analyses revealed that NtCKX genes located on the same phylogenetic branch generally contained several conserved motifs and have highly similar structures, with structural domains related to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and cytokinin-binding found on all of the predicted NtCKX-encoded proteins. The upstream promotor region of NtCKX genes contained many abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements, including DRE, ERE, MBS, MYB, and MYC. Gene expression analysis revealed that each NtCKX gene responded differently to salt stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Four NtCKX genes exhibited ABA-induced expression trends with varying peak times. Under salt stress, NtCKX expression was significantly suppressed in two genes and upregulated in five others. In summary, we provided basic information regarding the CKX gene family of N. tabacum and elucidated their gene expression patterns under abiotic stresses, including ABA treatment and salt stress. The findings of this work can serve as a foundation for future study of the functions of NtCKX genes.

Molecular characterization of a heat inducible rice gene, OsHSP1, and implications for rice thermotolerance

문준철,장철성,함덕재,황선구,박용찬,이찬희 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.2

Higher plants have acquired complex molecularmechanisms to withstand heat stress through years ofnatural evolutionary processes. Although physiologicalresponses to elevated temperatures have been well studied,thermotolerance mechanisms at the molecular level arepoorly understood in rice plants. In order to identify thegenes involved in the thermotolerance of rice, we used apublicly available microarray dataset and identified anumber of heat stress-responsive genes. Herein, we reportdetails of the rice gene OsHSP1, which is upregulated byheat stress. In addition, OsHSP1 is highly expressed whenexposed to salt and osmotic treatments but not cold treatment. Sequence analysis indicated that OsHSP1 belongs tothe heat shock protein 90 family of genes. The biologicalfunction of OsHSP1 was investigated by heterologousoverexpression in Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsisoverexpressing the OsHSP1 gene exhibited enhancedthermotolerance but was hypersensitive under salt andosmotic stresses. Subcellular localization analysis indicatedthat the OsHSP1 protein is predominantly targeted to thecytosol and nucleus under heat stress. The coexpressionnetwork showed 39 interactions for the functionallyinteracting genes of OsHSP1. Taken together, these findingssuggest that OsHSP1 is a heat-inducible gene that mayplay an important role in the thermotolerance of rice.

Development of Environmental Stress-Tolerant Plants by Gene Manipulation of Antioxidant Enzymes

Kwon, Suk-Yoon,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Kwak, Sang-Soo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.2

Oxidative stress is one of the major limiting factor in plant productivity. Reactive oxygens species (ROS) generated during metabolic processes damage cellular functions and consequently lead to disease, senescence and cell death. Plants have evolved an efficient defense system by which the ROS is scavenged by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Attempts to reduce oxidative damages under the stress conditions have included the manipulation of 갠 scavenging enzymes by gene transfer technology. Increased SOD activities of transgenic plants lead to increased resistance against oxidative stresses derived from methyl viologen (MV), and from photooxidative damage caused by high light and low temperature. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing APX showed reduced damage following either MV treatment of photooxidative treatment. Overexpression of glutathion reductase (GR) leads to increase in pool of ascorbate and GSH, known as small antioxidant molecules. These results indicate through overexpression of enzymes involved in ROS-scavenging could maintain or improve the plant productivities under environment stress condition. In this study, the rational approaches to develop stress-tolerant plants by gene manipulation of antioxidant enzymes will be introduced to provide solutions for the global food and environmental problems in the $21^\textrm{st}$ century.

Characterization of the Hormone and Stress-Induced Expression of FaRE1 Retrotransposon Promoter in Strawberry

pinghe,Yue Ma,Hongyan Dai,Linguang Li,Yuexue Liu,He Li,Guiling Zhao,Zhihong Zhang 한국식물학회 2012 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.55 No.1

Retrotransposons are the most abundant mobile elements in the plant genome and seem to play an important role in genome reorganization induced by environmental challenges. Their success in this function depends on the ability of their promoters to regulate plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the promoter region of FaRE1 was amplified in the strawberry genome, and promoter::GUS fusion was constructed. We produced transgenic strawberry plants carrying FaRE1 promoter::GUS-fusion genes, and monitored GUS reporter activity. Histochemical and fluorimetric GUS analysis these plants showed the characteristics of the FaRE1 promoter were activated by either hormones treatments with ABA, NAA,and 2,4-D or cold stress. In addition, we found the GUS reporter was activated in the leaves of transgenic strawberry plants using 5-azaC. These results suggest that the promoter of FaRE1 may act as different signal transduction pathways,allowing FaRE1 retrotransposon to be activated in response to multiples challenges.

Symposium : Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ; Development of Environmental Stress-Tolerant Plants by Gene Manipulation of Antioxidant Enzymes

Suk-Yoon Kwon,Haeng-Soon Lee,Sang-Soo Kwak 한국식물병리학회 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.2

Expression Characteristics of Pokeweed Antiviral Proteins(PAPs) : Two Distinct Types of Proteins

Hur, Yoonkang,Han, Ching-Tack,Maeng, Jueson 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1998 생물공학연구지 Vol.6 No.-

Pokeweed antiviral proteins (PAPs) become novel therapeutic agents in relation to application in human viral diseases and cancer, as well as potent tools in plant system for defending viral infection. We have studied the expression characteristics of PAAs in pokeweed plants by western blot analysis. PAP-Ⅰwas constitutively expressed in leaves, stems and roots of the pokeweed plant, while PAP-Ⅱ was not expressed in roots. The expression of PAP-Ⅱ began in May and then gradually increased with development of the plants. The PAP-Ⅱ expression was induced and/or stimulated not only by biotic stresses, such as insect pests and viral infection, but also by abiotic stresses, like drought. Interestingly, low-light intensity was found to be more effective than high-light in the expression of both PAP-Ⅰand PAP-Ⅱ. Our results suggest the PAP-Ⅱ appears to have an additive effect in terms of proteciton of the plant against pathogens during summer-time when the plant actively grows and is attacked by various pathogens.

Transcriptome Profiling and Characterization of Drought-Tolerant Potato Plant (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Moon, Ki-Beom,Ahn, Dong-Joo,Park, Ji-Sun,Jung, Won Yong,Cho, Hye Sun,Kim, Hye-Ran,Jeon, Jae-Heung,Park, Youn-il,Kim, Hyun-Soon Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.11

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is vital research goal. However, detailed molecular mechanisms in response to drought stress in potatoes are not well known. In this study, we developed EMS-mutagenized potatoes that showed significant tolerance to drought stress compared to the wild-type (WT) 'Desiree' cultivar. In addition, changes to transcripts as a result of drought stress in WT and drought-tolerant (DR) plants were investigated by de novo assembly using the Illumina platform. One-week-old WT and DR plants were treated with -1.8 Mpa polyethylene glycol-8000, and total RNA was prepared from plants harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for subsequent RNA sequencing. In total, 61,100 transcripts and 5,118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displaying up- or down-regulation were identified in pairwise comparisons of WT and DR plants following drought conditions. Transcriptome profiling showed the number of DEGs with up-regulation and down-regulation at 909, 977, 1181, 1225 and 826 between WT and DR plants at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Results of KEGG enrichment showed that the drought tolerance mechanism of the DR plant can mainly be explained by two aspects, the 'photosynthetic-antenna protein' and 'protein processing of the endoplasmic reticulum'. We also divided eight expression patterns in four pairwise comparisons of DR plants (DR0 vs DR6, DR12, DR24, DR48) under PEG treatment. Our comprehensive transcriptome data will further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in tetraploid potato cultivars.

Transcriptome Profiling and Characterization of Drought-Tolerant Potato Plant (Solanum tuberosum L.)

문기범,안동주,박지선,정원용,조혜선,김혜란,전재흥,박연일,김현순 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.11

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is vital research goal. However, detailed molecular mechanisms in response to drought stress in potatoes are not well known. In this study, we developed EMS-mutagenized potatoes that showed significant tolerance to drought stress compared to the wild-type (WT) ‘Desiree’ cultivar. In addition, changes to transcripts as a result of drought stress in WT and droughttolerant (DR) plants were investigated by de novo assembly using the Illumina platform. One-week-old WT and DR plants were treated with -1.8 Mpa polyethylene glycol-8000, and total RNA was prepared from plants harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for subsequent RNA sequencing. In total, 61,100 transcripts and 5,118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displaying up- or down-regulation were identified in pairwise comparisons of WT and DR plants following drought conditions. Transcriptome profiling showed the number of DEGs with up-regulation and down-regulation at 909, 977, 1181, 1225 and 826 between WT and DR plants at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Results of KEGG enrichment showed that the drought tolerance mechanism of the DR plant can mainly be explained by two aspects, the ‘photosyntheticantenna protein’ and ‘protein processing of the endoplasmic reticulum’. We also divided eight expression patterns in four pairwise comparisons of DR plants (DR0 vs DR6, DR12, DR24, DR48) under PEG treatment. Our comprehensive transcriptome data will further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in tetraploid potato cultivars.

β-Glucan Suppresses LPS-stimulated NO Production Through the Down-regulation of iNOS Expression and NFκB Transactivation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Jeong-Lye Yang,Ji-Hyun Jang,Vinodhkumar Radhakrishnan,Yang-Ha Kim,Young-Sun Song 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of β-glucan from barley on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations (0-200 μg/mL) of β-glucan and stimulated with LPS to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The β-glucan treatments were found to reduce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) accumulation, and enhance glutathione levels and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the LPS-stimulated macrophages as compared to the LPS-only treated cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) with an IC50 of 104 μg/mL. Further treatment with β-glucan at 200 μg/mL suppressed NO production to 2% of the LPS-control, and suppressed the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The specific DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) was significantly suppressed by β-glucan treatment with an IC50 of 220 μg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, barley β-glucan ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NFκB activity, which may be mediated by attenuated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

LPS 감염 스트레스가 닭의 품종간 스트레스 연관 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

하승우,최태호,김재영,김지선,정혜주,박주연,장인석,손시환,문양수 한국가금학회 2016 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.11