국내 커뮤니케이션 연구의 통계분석방법의 현황과 문제점: 지난 10년간 〈한국언론학보〉게재 논문의 내용분석

이병관(Byoungkwan Lee),김재민(Jaemin Kim),김주환(Juhwan Kim),장다연(Dayeon Jang),권나현(Nahyun Gwon) 한국언론학회 2020 한국언론학보 Vol.64 No.5

Although statistical analysis methods are essential tools for quantitative researchers, controversy has persisted over the objectivity of inference through statistical procedures. The purpose of this study is to review the use and trends of statistical analysis methods in quantitative research papers published between 2010 to 2019 in the Korean Journal of Journalism and Communication Studies and to discuss its practices and problems of statistical use in communication research in Korea. For this purpose, 612 quantitative research papers using statistical analysis methods were content-analyzed out of a total of 845 papers published across 10 years. In this 612 quantitative research, the basic characteristics of the study, as well as the reliability between coders, the number of coders, and power for experimental design, were reviewed according to the methodology used. This study also checked for the use of null hypotheses and multi-item measures, and more specific details including the statistical packages, the basic assumptions of statistical analysis methods used in individual studies, such as t-test and regression, and the description of statistical results. Research papers were collected, reviewed, and analyzed by four graduate students majoring in advertising and public relations. The inter-coder reliability was measured by Kripendorff alpha, and the reliability for each item was between 0.71 and 1, thus ensuring a stable level of reliability. As a result of the analysis, research using surveys was the most common among the research methods, and regression was the most frequently used statistical method except for descriptive statistics. The most commonly used statistical package was SPSS. The current study found problems of over-reliance on a specific statistical package, erroneous interpretation of statistical analysis results, and misuse of statistical methods for yielding contrived results. In particular, over-reliance on a specific statistical package was related to over-reliance of specific statistical analysis methods such as partial eta squared and cronbach alpha. At the same time, in most studies, wrong practices were also found. For example, important information regarding the processes and results of statistical analysis was not provided, such as basic statistical assumptions and correlation between major variables, and neither was information on confidence intervals as supplementary indicators of null hypothesis significance testing. Given that this study empirically identified the criticisms and discussions that have been continuously raised about statistical analysis methods and reporting, this study holds implications. Through this study, it is hoped that future Korean communication researchers will actively carry out research on various problems and alternatives raised in individual statistical analysis methods, thereby enriching academic discussions.

한의학 연구에 활용된 통계분석 방법에 대한 고찰

장선일,윤용갑,최경호,Jang, Seon-Il,Yun, Young-Gab,Choi, Kyoung-Ho 대한한의학방제학회 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Objective : The purpose of this study is to indicate of problems in statistical analysis method of "The Korean Journal of oriental Medical Prescription" and we will be proposed the useful application of the statistical analysis method. Methods : In this paper, we were analysed statistical analysis methodology from published journal articles "The Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription" December, year 2000 to December, year 2008. We were investigated of problems in application of structured analysis methods those journal articles that including statistical analysis techniques and analysis methods. Results : 1. A random allocation of the experimental group and control groups are important factors in the planning process of statistical analysis. However, there are less explanation those journal articles. 2. There are no consideration in specimen size that there will be considerate by the level of significance and statistical test. 3. Many article authors were confused between parametric methods and non-parametric methods that they were applied parametric statistical analysis methods although inapplicable sample size. 4. There were applied the parametric methods consists of t-test instead non-parametric methods in the comparison of average intergroup relations. 5. There were less understanding posterior analysis and were confused with t-test. Conclusion : Our goal was to outline the key methods with a brief discussion of problems(statistical analysis methods), avenues for solutions. we recommend authors to use an appropriate statistical analysis methods for obtaining a more cautions results.

체육학에서의 통계적 연구: 회귀분석을 중심으로

정연택,최연재 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.3

체육학에서의 통계적 연구: 회귀분석을 중심으로정 연 택*ㆍ최 연 재** 요약: 통계적 연구 방법이 발전하면서 회귀분석을 체육학에서 사용하는 빈도가 높아지고 있다. 회귀분석은 상관분석에 비해 세밀한 연구 문제를 탐색할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그리고 타당한 결론을 얻기 위해 회귀분석은 변수 선정이 무엇보다 중요하다. 회귀분석의 오류와 주의할 점을 고려하여 1장에서는 회귀분석의 역사와 개념에 관해서 서술하였으며, 2장은 회귀분석의 기본 가정 중, 상관관계와 다중공선성에 관한 기술이 이루어졌다. 3장에서는 다중회귀분석의 추정 방식을 분석하였으며, 4장에서는 최소자승법, 표준화 회귀계수, 비표준화 회귀계수의 중요도를 설명하였다. 5장에서는 단순회귀모형과 중다회귀모형에 대하여 서술하였으며, 6장은 앞서 기술한 회귀분석을 바탕으로 논의가 이루어졌다. 그리고 7장에서는 회귀분석의 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 핵심어: 체육학, 통계적 연구, 회귀분석, 다중공선성, 상관분석 □ 접수일: 2022년 5월 11일, 수정일: 2022년 6월 6일, 게재확정일: 2022년 6월 20일* 주저자, 영남대학교 사범대학 특수체육교육과 교수. (First Author, Professor, Yeungnam Univ., Email: jyt7872@yu.ac.kr)** 교신저자, 영남대학교 사범대학 특수체육교육과 강사. (Corresponding Author, Lecturer, Yeungnam Univ., Email: 20802191@yu.ac.kr) Statistical Research Methods in Physical Education:Focusing on Regression AnalysisYeontaek Jeong & Yeonjae Choi Abstract: Development of statistical research methods, the frequency of using regression analysis in physical education is increasing. Regression analysis has the advantage of being able to explore detailed research problems compared to correlation analysis. And to obtain valid conclusions, the selection of variables in regression analysis is of paramount importance. In consideration of errors and cautions in regression analysis, Chapter 1 describes the history and concept of regression analysis, and Chapter 2 describes correlation and multicollinearity among the basic assumptions of regression analysis. Chapter 3 analyzed the estimation method of multiple regression analysis, and Chapter 4 explained the importance of least squares method, standardized beta coefficient, and non-standardized regression coefficient. Chapter 5 described the simple regression model and multiple regression model, and Chapter 5 discussed the regression analysis described above. And in Chapter 6 presented a way to activate regression analysis. Key Words: Physical Education, Statistical Research Methods, Regression Analysis, Multicollinearity, Correlation Analysis

시어의 언어적 분석의 효용성에 관하여

신희삼 한국어의미학회 2010 한국어 의미학 Vol.32 No.-

Literature is the art of language. Here’s a stylistic analysis of linguistic approaches to the efficiency with which that was studied. In chapter 2, statistical analysis and nonstatistical analysis were discussed. In statistical analysis, quantitative analysis of phonological and lexical dealt. Items syllable, coda consonants, ivowel, bisexual bar. Nasal, liquid, etc coda plosive. Analyzed and compared with the traditional style. In analyzing patterns of individual word nonstatistical two items dealt with the honorific. In chapter 3, the limits of linguistic analysis has been developed with the profession to discuss. Linguistic analysis, statistical analysis of the benefits of giving unity to the whole works, and works will benefit analysis. Nonstatistical analysis of the benefits of the writers and the overall image of the work and aesthetic interpretation is that a key role. Linguistic approach to the city, despite the many advantages, has some weaknesses and limitations. Stylistic analysis of the target audience without exception, only in the eyes of writers and analysts is overlooking. The stylistic analysis of the future response of the readers of scientific, objective and based on this new style of data analysis techniques in the direction of the development will have to.

Inappropriate Survey Design Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey May Produce Biased Results

Kim, Yangho,Park, Sunmin,Kim, Nam-Soo,Lee, Byung-Kook The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2013 예방의학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: The inherent nature of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) design requires special analysis by incorporating sample weights, stratification, and clustering not used in ordinary statistical procedures. Methods: This study investigated the proportion of research papers that have used an appropriate statistical methodology out of the research papers analyzing the KNHANES cited in the PubMed online system from 2007 to 2012. We also compared differences in mean and regression estimates between the ordinary statistical data analyses without sampling weight and design-based data analyses using the KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Results: Of the 247 research articles cited in PubMed, only 19.8% of all articles used survey design analysis, compared with 80.2% of articles that used ordinary statistical analysis, treating KNHANES data as if it were collected using a simple random sampling method. Means and standard errors differed between the ordinary statistical data analyses and design-based analyses, and the standard errors in the design-based analyses tended to be larger than those in the ordinary statistical data analyses. Conclusions: Ignoring complex survey design can result in biased estimates and overstated significance levels. Sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the design must be incorporated into analyses to ensure the development of appropriate estimates and standard errors of these estimates.

Inappropriate Survey Design Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey May Produce Biased Results

김양호,박선민,김남수,이병국 대한예방의학회 2013 예방의학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: The inherent nature of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) design requires special analysis by incorporating sample weights, stratification, and clustering not used in ordinary statistical procedures. Methods: This study investigated the proportion of research papers that have used an appropriate statistical methodology out of the research papers analyzing the KNHANES cited in the PubMed online system from 2007 to 2012. We also compared differences in mean and regression estimates between the ordinary statistical data analyses without sampling weight and design-based data analyses using the KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Results: Of the 247 research articles cited in PubMed, only 19.8% of all articles used survey design analysis, compared with 80.2% of articles that used ordinary statistical analysis, treating KNHANES data as if it were collected using a simple random sampling method. Means and standard errors differed between the ordinary statistical data analyses and design-based analyses, and the standard errors in the design-based analyses tended to be larger than those in the ordinary statistical data analyses. Conclusions: Ignoring complex survey design can result in biased estimates and overstated significance levels. Sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the design must be incorporated into analyses to ensure the development of appropriate estimates and standard errors of these estimates.

체육학에서 요인분석의 통계적 타당화: 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석을 중심으로

정연택,최연재 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.5

요인분석은 체육학에서 널리 이용되는 통계기법이며 사용 빈도가 높다. 요인분석은 변수를 축소하거나 제거하여 측정하는 항목의 타당성을 검증한다. 특히, 요인분석은 측정된 자료를 이용하여 변수 생성 등의 목적을 가진다. 따라서 이 연구는 체육학에서 널리 사용하고 있는 분석의 개념과 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석에 대하여 이해하고자 하였다. 1장에서는 요인분석의 특성과 중요성에 관하여 서술하였으며, 2장은 요인분석의 개념과 기본과정에 관한 서술이 이루어졌다. 3장에서는 분석 절차 중 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석의 중요도를 설명하였다. 4장에서는 앞서 설명된 요인분석을 바탕으로 논의를 하였으며, 5장은 통계분석의 합리적 방안을 제시하였다. Factor analysis is a statistical technique widely used in physical education and is frequently used. Factor analysis verifies the validity of items to be measured by reducing or removing variables. In particular, factor analysis has the purpose of creating variables using measured data. Therefore, this study tried to understand the concept of factor analysis widely used in physical education and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Chapter 1. describes the characteristics and importance of factor analysis, and Chapter 2. describes the concept and basic process of factor analysis. Chapter 3. explained the importance of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis among the procedures of factor analysis. In Chapter 4. discussions were made based on the factor analysis described above, and in Chapter 5. rational methods for statistical analysis were presented.

Statistical analysis of NPS Pollution in Saemangeum Watershed

난캬모니카 ( Nankya Monica ),이슬기 ( Seulgi Lee ),최경숙 ( Kyungsook Choi ) 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2014 No.-

This study performed a multivariate statistical analysis of NPS pollution data of Saemangeum watershed to understand spatial and temporal patterns and to identify potential pollution sources. Multivariate statistical methods, such as cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis (FA/PCA), were used to analyze the water quality dataset surveyed on monthly and 8-day basis including 6 parameters namely; DO, BOD, COD, SS, TN and TP from 22 monitoring sites within the study area for period of 2001 to 2013. Correlation between pollution items of the water quality data was carried using spearman’s correlation method. Results revealed strong positive correlation between BOD and COD, and also between BOD and TP indicating presence of biologically active organic matter. CA classified 12 months into 4 seasons and the 22 monitoring sites into two groups based on the two estuaries of Dongjin and Mangyeong. With the use of DA, 3 water quality parameters from the monthly dataset were identified namely DO, TN and TP and similarly for 8-day dataset were DO, BOD and COD were identified for distinguishing seasons, with 51.3% and 50.3% correct assignment respectively for temporal variation analysis. While 5 parameters that is BOD, COD, SS, TN and TP were revealed to correct assignment of 77.1% of monthly data and 4 parameters namely DO, BOD, SS and TN to 71.7% of 8-day data for the spatial variation analysis. FA/ PCA were applied to standardized log-transformed data sets of the 2 spatial groups for both monthly and 8-day datasets. This resulted in 2 latent factors each for both monthly and 8-day data explaining 70.6% and 60.9% of the total variance respectively in the dataset of Dongjin and similarly one latent factor each for both monthly and 8-day data explaining 76.9% and 63% of the total variance respectively of Mangyeong dataset. These results provide a basis for NPS pollution management and the extracted cluster analysis grouping information could be used in reducing the number of monitoring stations in the study area without missing much information.

무료 통계소프트웨어와 상업 통계소프트웨어의 비교: AMOS와 jamovi 비교를 중심으로

주지혁 한국융합과학회 2023 한국융합과학회지 Vol.12 No.12

연구목적 교육과 연구 과정에서 통계소프트웨어에 대한 접근 비용과 학습의 난이도는 중요한 문제이다. 통계소프트웨어에 대한 접근에서 비용 측면의 저렴함과 학습과 교육 측면의 용이성이 교육과 연구 현장에서 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 유료 통계 패키지 AMOS와 무료 통계 패키지 jamovi SEM을 이용하여 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하여 두 가지 소프트웨어의 결과를 비교하였다. 이를통해 교육과 연구에서 무료소프트웨어의 유용성과 활용 가능성을 평가해보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 본 연구의 자료는 구조방정식모형분석에서 자주 언급되는 Bollen(1989) 의 ‘정치적 민주주의(political democracy)’ 자료를 AMOS 18과 jamovi 2.3.18를 활용하여 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하여 결과를 도출하고, 두 통계 패키지에서 산출된 결과를 비교하였다. 결과 연구결과를 요약하면 두 통계 패키지의 확인적 요인분석 결과에서 비표준화 요인적재치와 표준화 요인적재치가 같았고, 각종 모형적합도 지수에서 미세한 차이를 보였다. 구조방정식모형 분석에서도 확인적 요인분석과 유사한 결과를 보였다. 하지만 AMOS의 경우 타당성분석을 위해 집중타당성과 판별타당성을 확인하기 위해 복잡한 계산이 필요하지만 jamovi의 경우 집중당성 평가를 위한 ω값들과 최근판별타당성 평가를 위해 권장되는 HTMT 상관계수를 출력해주어 편리하다. 결론 분석결과를 통해jamovi는 비용과 이용자의 학습과 교육 측면에서 유료 통계패키지와 비교할 때 활용용이성과 유용성이 있는 것으로 확인하였다. Purpose The cost of access to statistical software and the difficulty of learning it are important issues in education and research. Low cost of access to statistical software and ease of learning and teaching are required in the field of education and research. Therefore, this study conducted a structural equation modelling analysis using AMOS, a paid statistical package, and jamovi SEM, a free statistical package, to compare the results of the two software. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and applicability of free software in education and research. Methods In this study, the data of 'political democracy' of Bollen (1989), which is often referred to in structural equation modeling, were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using AMOS 18 and jamovi 2.3.18, and the results were compared with the results produced by the two statistical packages Result To summarize the results, the confirmatory factor analysis results of both statistical packages showed the same unstandardized and standardized factor loadings, with minor differences in various model fit indices. The results of the structural equation modeling analysis were similar to the confirmatory factor analysis. However, in the case of AMOS, complex calculations are required to check convergent and discriminant validity for feasibility analysis, but jamovi is convenient because it outputs ω values for convergent validity evaluation and the recently recommended HTMT correlation coefficients for discriminant validity evaluation. Conclusion The analysis confirmed that jamovi is easier to use and more useful than paid statistical packages in terms of cost and user learning and education.

A Review of the Statistical Analysis used in Clinical Articles Published on Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

Kang, Wee-Chang The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2006 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.40 No.4

Statistical analyses used in clinical articles published on the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society were identified and appropriateness of statistical aspects in reporting results was assessed. Forty seven clinical articles were selected in this study, which were published from February, 2005 to February, 2006 on the journal. The frequency of statistical analysis was as follows : descriptive statistics only 24 [51.1%]. one type of statistical method 10 [21.3%], two or more methods 13 [27.6%]. An assessment of statistical aspects was performed in 24 clinical articles reporting inferential statistics. Ten articles [41.7%] did not adequately describe or reference all statistical methods used. There were six articles [25.0%] not reporting the confidence level used as the critical criteria of the statistical significance. In thirteen articles [54.2%] it seems more appropriate to implement multivariate analyses in addition to univariate analyses. We recommend that the journal readers should concentrate on improving their knowledge of basic statistics and statistical review for manuscripts submitted should be sought from professionals in the fields of biostatistics and epidemiology.