프로스포츠 반도핑 정책 개선방안

박은균,김종채 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2015 스포츠와 법 Vol.18 No.1

The use of doping has had a long history in sports. Doping is becoming a more importantissue nowadays, especially in professional sport leagues. Because of commercialization of sports,sports for winning sake, and development of science and technology, players in theprofessional leagues are always facing pressure to stay on top and fall into temptation of theuse of performance-enhancing drugs. The use of drugs in sport is definitely considered asdeviant behavior among the players as well as one of the major current issues in sport teamsand their leagues. Therefore, it is highly required to have legal device and institutionalstrategies/policies in the professional leagues in order to do advanced prevention. Professionalsports leagues should realize that performance-enhancing drugs use among their players canlead to start losing their fans and eventually destruction of the leagues. Since 2008, professional sports leagues in South Korea such as Korean BaseballOrganization (KBO), Korean Basketball League (KBL), and Korean Football League(K-League) started to seriously take action against doping by forming their own drugs-relatedpolicies and rules. In the current study, we want to examine potential legal issues andinstitutional matters from policies established in those Korean professional leagues. At thesame time, we will also look over the Big Four American professional sports leagues’ (i.e.,Major League Baseball, National Football League, National Basketball League, and NationalHockey League) anti-doping rules and policies. By comparisons of policies, we would like tosuggest some improvement points and the direction for future anti-doping policy to theKorean professional sports leagues and their stakeholders. 도핑의 역사는 길다. 하지만 오늘날 프로스포츠 리그에서처럼 도핑이 중요한 문제로 떠오른 적은 많지 않다. 스포츠 정신의 근간 위에 시작해 상업화, 승리지상주의, 과학기술의 발전 등으로 급성장한 프로스포츠 리그가 도핑이란 문제와 직면한 것은 당연한 귀결일 수도 있다. 선수 개인에게는 일탈행위로, 프로스포츠 리그에게는 구조적인 문제로 지적되는 도핑을 사전에 예방하고 재발을방지하기 위해서는 실효성 있는 법적, 제도적 장치가 필요하다. 스포츠 정신에 반하는 도핑은 결국프로리그의 신뢰를 무너뜨려 프로리그의 근간을 뿌리채 흔들고 그 성장동력도 멈추게 할 수 있기때문이다. 국민체육진흥법에 근거한 한국도핑방지위원회(KADA)설립과 함께 프로야구(KBO)를 시작으로 프로농구(KBL), 프로축구(K-League) 등 국내 주요 프로스포츠 리그들이 반도핑 규정을 제정해 시행해오고 있다. 이들 규정들의 법적, 제도적 쟁점이 무엇인지 살펴보는 한편, 미국 4대 프로리그인 메이저리그(MLB), 미식축구리그(NFL), 미프로농구(NBA), 북미아이스하키리그(NHL)의 반도핑 정책과비교해 봄으로써 국내 프로스포츠 리그의 반도핑 규정 및 정책의 개선점을 모색하는 것은 유의미한 일이 될 것이다. 아래에서는 스포츠 정신의 고찰과 반도핑 정책의 필요성, 그리고 프로스포츠리그의 반도핑 정책의 법적 근거와 국내 프로스포츠 리그의 반도핑 정책을 살펴보고 미국 주요 프로스포츠 리그의 반도핑 정책을 비교해 봄으로써 국내 반도핑 정책의 실효성 확보를 위한 시사점을 모색해 본다.

중학생의 스포츠클럽 활동 몰입, 스포츠가치관 및 지속적 스포츠 참여의도간의 관계

성희제(Sung, Hee-Je),한진욱(Han, Jin-Wook),김태형(Kim, Tai-Hyung) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among sport club participation flow, sport value, and future intention to participate in sports of middle school students. Toward this end, a total of 334 students participating on school sports clubs was selected using a convenient sampling method. 293 usable questionnaires were returned to the researchers. Data analyses were conducted for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis, descriptive analysis, and multiple regression analyses with PASW 18.0. The results of this study indicated that (1) sports club participation flow had a significant effect on future intention to participate in sports, (2) sports club participation flow had a significant effect on sports value, and (3) sport value had a significant effect on future intention to participate in sports. Additional implications and directions for future research were discussed.

수상레저스포츠 참여자의 여가관여도와 스포츠소비문화의 관계에서 소비욕구의 매개효과 연구

이동욱(Lee, Dong-Wook) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure involvement and sports consumption culture in water leisure sports, and whether these relationships are mediated by consumption desire. For this purpose, a survey was conducted 308 users of water leisure sports. The data were treated with the SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. As a result, the following conclusion were drawn. First, research model about leisure involvement, sports consumption desire and sports consumption culture of water leisure sports suit research’s purpose. Second, leisure involvement, consumption desire and consumption culture of water leisure sports are related to each other. Truth, leisure involvement influence on the Sports consumption desire and Sports consumption culture positively. The more Sports consumption desire is, the more positive sports consumption culture is changed. Third, Sports consumption desire of water leisure sports facilitates leisure involvement to have an effect on sports consumption culture. So the route model set up for this study is appropriate to develop researches on the samples. These results were discussed based on previous literature and theory.

스포츠클라이밍 센터 시설디자인 구성요소가 소비자만족과 구매 후 행동에 미치는 영향

김한진(Kim, Han-Jin),김경현(Kim, Kyung-Hyun),전호문(Jeon, Ho-Moon) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the recognition for facility-design components of sports-climbing center, customer satisfaction and customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center is different by demographic variables or not, and verify whether facility-design components in sports-climbing center have a impact on customer satisfaction and customer behavior after purchase. The subjects on this study were extracted from the members of sports-climbing center by conducting preliminary survey and main survey. The aim of preliminary survey was to diagnose the validity and reliability of questionnaires. The preliminary survey was conducted for 45 members of K sports-climbing sports center located in Gangbuk-Gu, Seoul. Main survey was conducted for 500 members of sports-climbing sports center on Oct. 2015 where was established and remodeled in recent 5 years and located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province by applying to convenience sampling. By utilizing SPSS(for Windows, released 20.0, NY, IBM corporation), this study is performed to conduct frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, independent two-samples t-test, ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study are as follow. First, testing the significance of recognition for facility-design component of sports-climbing center by demographic variables, the difference by ages is statistically significant but is not statistically significant on gender and usage duration. Second, testing the significance of recognition for customer satisfaction and customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center by demographic variables, the difference by ages is also statistically significant but is not statistically significant on gender and usage duration. Third, testing the causality between facility-design component and customer satisfaction, customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center, the sub factor of facility-design component, safety, move-flow convenience, harmony, rationality, convenience affect customer satisfaction and customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center. But it is verified that functionality does not have a impact on customer satisfaction and customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center. Fourth, testing the causality between customer satisfaction and customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center, the sub factor of customer satisfaction, facility satisfaction, happiness, satisfaction for decision affect customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center. But it is verified that pleasure of sports-climbing center does not affect customer behavior after purchase in sports-climbing center.

여가스포츠 종목별 참여동기 요인 탐색을 통한 최적의 척도 재구성 연구

김지영(Kim, Ji-Young),이충영(Lee, Chung-Young) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The purpose of this study is to come up with the optimal criteria for 16 leisure sports (ball game, racket, water sport, athletic sport, ice sport, snow sport, winter sport, mixture, gymnastics, dance, nature friendliness, new sport, expression, entertainment, leisure and air sport. For this, I have selected 200 subjects who engage in each sport, conducted a survey comprised of 25 factors and 165 questions upon completion of expert meeting among them, and performed validity study and reliability test on the collected data with the use of SPSS 22.0. The results have shown that 12 out of 16 sports have been selected with 10 factors for ball game, 9 for racket sport, 13 for water and leisure sports,10 athletic sports, 10 snow, ice and winter sports, 8 mixture sports, 11 gymnastics, 8 dance and martial arts sports, 7 nature friendliness sports, 8 new sports, 8 expression sports, and 9 entertainment sports. These results present a need to reconstitute criteria for participation motives based on the characteristics of each type of sport.

스포츠분야 거버넌스의 법적 의의와 발전 방향에 관한 연구: 최근 판례 분석과 국제 비교를 중심으로

한승범(Seungbum Han) 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2025 스포츠엔터테인먼트와 법 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 2020년 국민체육진흥법 개정으로 지방체육회가 법인화된 이후 변화된 한국 스포츠 거버넌스의 법적 구조를 최근 판례 분석과 국제 비교를 통해 고찰한다. ‘스포츠 거버넌스’란, 체육 활동에 관련된 공공 및 민간 주체들이 정책의 수립, 집행, 평가에 참여하는 제도적 구조와 운영 방식을 의미하며, 이해관계자 간 권한과 책임의 분배, 투명한 의사결정 과정, 규범적 질서 형성까지 포함한다. 이는 단순한 조직 운영을 넘어, 공공성과 자율성, 민주성과 효율성, 책임성과 윤리성 간의 균형을 모색하는 규범적 틀이다. 최근 판례 분석을 통해 지방체육회의 법적 지위와 권한, 체육단체 선거 거버넌스, 체육시설업 권리·의무 승계, 체육지도자 자격 관리, 체육단체의 공적 성격과 책임 등 주요 쟁점을 검토한다. 특히 대법원 2022. 7. 14. 선고 2021두62287 판결(체육지도자 자격취소), 수원지방법원 2023. 1. 19. 선고 2021가합15751 판결(체육단체 선거 거버넌스), 춘천지방법원 2023. 12. 12. 선고 2023구합30510 판결(지방체육회의 법적 지위) 등은 체육 거버넌스의 법적 구조 변화를 보여주는 중요한 사례들이다. 이와 함께 미국의 NCAA 중심 자율규제 모델, 유럽의 스포츠 자치와 공공 개입의 균형 모델, 일본의 스포츠청 중심 거버넌스 등 주요국의 스포츠 거버넌스 체계를 비교 분석함으로써 한국 스포츠 거버넌스의 특수성과 보편성을 파악한다. 이를 통해 한국 스포츠 거버넌스가 법적·제도적 차원에서 어떻게 발전하고 있는지, 그리고 체육의 공공성과 자율성, 전문성과 윤리성, 효율성과 민주성 등 다양한 가치들 간의 균형을 어떻게 모색하고 있는지 분석한다. This study examines the evolving legal structure of sports governance in South Korea following the 2020 amendment to the National Sports Promotion Act, which resulted in the incorporation of local sports councils. Sports governance encompasses the regulation of relationships among stakeholders involved in physical activities, including policy formulation and implementation, the management of sports organizations and facilities, and the resolution of sports-related disputes. It serves as a critical legal and institutional foundation for ensuring democratic operations and transparency in the sports sector. Through recent case law analysis, this study explores key legal issues such as the legal status and authority of local sports councils, governance in sports organization elections, succession of rights and obligations in sports facility operations, certification and revocation of sports instructors, and the public character and responsibilities of sports organizations. Notable cases include the Supreme Court Decision 2021Du62287 (July 14, 2022) on the revocation of a sports instructor license; Suwon District Court Decision 2021Gahap15751 (January 19, 2023) on governance in sports organization elections; and Chuncheon District Court Decision 2023Guhap30510 (December 12, 2023) on the legal status of local sports councils. Furthermore, by comparing international models—including the NCAA-centered self-regulatory model in the United States, the balance of autonomy and public intervention in European sports governance, and Japan’s centralized governance led by the Japan Sports Agency—this study identifies both the particularities and commonalities of Korea’s sports governance framework. It ultimately analyzes how the Korean system is evolving to achieve a balance among competing values such as publicness and autonomy, professionalism and ethics, and efficiency and democracy within the legal and institutional framework of sports governance.

The Effect of College Student Participants in Sports Clubs Lifestyle on Ego-Resilience and Life Satisfaction

( Hyo Rim Kim ),( Ik Ki Jeon ),( Chul Woo Kang ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: This study was to examine the effect of life style on ego-resilience and life satisfaction in the college sports clubs. Accordingly, the goal is to provide foundational materials for forming leisure and sports culture through continuous participation in sports clubs activities. Method: For the purpose of the study, 250 surveys samples were to distribute college student participants in sports clubs located in Gyeonggi-do area through purposive sampling. Due to the reliability of data, 9 samples were discarded and 241 samples were put to actual analysis. Then data processing, PASW-WIN 22.0 program was used and frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. Result: The study results are as follows. First, the lifestyle of college student participants in sports clubs gave a significant effect to the ego-resilience. Second, the lifestyle of college student participants in sports clubs gave a significant effect to the life satisfaction. Third, the ego-resilience of college student participants in sports clubs gave a significant effect to the life satisfaction. Conclusion: It is possible to know that lifestyle, ego-resilience and satisfaction have influencing relationship to college students participating in sports clubs. Therefore, it is thought that students must continuously engage in sports club activities as leisure to enhance their self-resilience, improve life-satisfaction and enjoy a happy life. Moreover, there should be further researches on student participation in sports club activities to help students enjoy sports activities throughout their lifetime after starting a sport.

일본 스포츠정책에 관한 연구

김영성(Kim, Young-Sung) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

This paper presents the case of the establishment process and the operating system of the central sports governance of Japan newly established on October 1, 2015. First, The Sports Agency reflected the ideals of the Basic Law of Sports and was positioned at a higher level than the previous level and was launched outside the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Second, The Sports Agency was established in a complex action which includes successful hosting of international events such as the 2019 Rugby World Cup, the 2020 Tokyo Olympics; the improvement of plural sports governance which has been pointed out before; the demand of sports-related legal and administrative maintenance in response to the change over time; a campaign to connect the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 to the Olympics and so on. Third, as an important policy task of ‘entering the sport’, Japan has systematically adjusted the institutional aspects of establishing the Sport Agency, such as the establishment of the Sports Basic Law and the establishment of the Sports Basic Plan, as well as internal and external research and review. Fourth, the basic direction and linkage system with related ministries that carry out sports promotion were improved and became active. This is to enhance efficiency and to create new and various synergy effects through coordination and cooperation among various ministries such as the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of National Transportation, and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

e스포츠 리그에 대한 법적 고찰

장민 ( Min Chang ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구소 2012 과학기술법연구 Vol.18 No.2

e스포츠는 ‘electronic sports’의 약자로서 컴퓨터 등에 의하여 구현된 가상의 전자 환경에서 정신적, 신체적인 능력을 활용하여 승부를 겨루는 여가활동을 말한다. 이러한 e스포츠는 다른 스포츠와 마찬가지로 신체활동성, 유희성, 경쟁성, 규칙성을 가지기 때문에 스포츠의 일종이라 할 수 있다. 우리나라 e스포츠 분야에서는 스타크래프트 등 대중의 사랑을 받는 게임을 전문적으로 하는 프로게이머라는 직업이 나타나게 되었으며, 현재 한국e스포츠협회가 주도하는 e스포츠 리그가 운영되고 있다. e스포츠 리그는 협회가 정하는 일정에 따라서 프로게임단에 소속된 선수들이 지속적인 경기를 치르고 그 결과를 통합하여 우승팀을 정하는 대회로서 다른 일반 스포츠 리그와 그 운영 및 구조적인 측면에서 매우 유사하며, 일반 스포츠 리그의 구단과 선수 사이에 체결되는 선수계약의 특징들이 e스포츠 리그에서도 그대로 나타난다. 즉, 드래프트제도, 자유계약선수제도, 선수이적 제도, 웨이버 제도 등 일반 스포츠리그에서 시행되는 대부분의 경쟁제한제도들이 e스포츠 리그에서도 그대로 시행되고 있다. 이러한 점은 e스포츠 리그가 다른 스포츠 리그와 마찬가지로 엔터테인먼트 사업의 특성을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 일반 스포츠 리그에서 시행되는 다양한 경쟁제한제도들로 인한 법적 문제들은 e스포츠 리그에서도 동일하게 나타날 수 있으며, 그 해결책을 찾는 일에도 일반 스포츠 리그에서의 경험이 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 다른 스포츠 리그와 구별되는 e스포츠 리그의 특수한 법적 문제라 할 수 있는 저작권 문제, 종목 변경의 불가피성 문제는 향후 협회와 게임제작사 및 선수사이의 협의를 통하여 적절히 해결해 나아갈 필요가 있을 것이다. E-sports comprises the competitive play of video game (computer game). The most common computer game genre associated with E-sports is real-time strategy (RTS) like Starcraft, which was developed by Blizzard Entertainment in 1998. In Korea, The Korean e-Sports Association(KeSPA) was founded in 2000 after the approval of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Its official goal is to make E-Sports an official sporting event, and to solidify the commercial position of E-Sports in all sectors. KeSPA manages the broadcasting of E-Sports, the formation of new events, and run E-sports Leagues like Starleague, viewed by millions of fans. In E-sports leagues, teams employ pro-gamers to participate in the competition held by league. The contract between team and pro-gamer includes draft clause, reserve clause, free agent clause, and trade clause, which are the characteristics of sports player contract in Sports League. These clauses restrain pro-gamers` freedom of contract for the competition balance of teams and the restriction of pro-gamers` salaries, which are necessary to manage E-sports league like the other sports Leagues. These restraints are necessary to preserve the sound finance of teams. But, from the point of pro-gamers` view, these clauses infringe on their contractual rights. It is the best way to unravel the unfairness of the contract between team and pro-gamer that KeSPA negotiates all about their contractual rights and duties with pro-gamers like U.S. sports leagues.

스포츠강좌이용권 사업의 문제 : 공급자와 이용자 중심으로

김지선(Kim, Ji-Sun),장승현(Jang, Seung-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

‘Sports vouchers’, which allow children and adolescents from lower-income families on basic living to receive tuition aid when they use designated sports facilities, are a representative sports-related social welfare policy of Korea. This study attempted to observe recognitions with sports voucher service through interviews with suppliers and beneficiaries. This study chose case studies. Research subject selection was made using ideal case selection, a standard form of selection. Three facility owners who provide sports lectures and three parents of subjects who take sports lectures in city A were selected. Interviews were conducted from the year 2015-2018 and the data analysis was conducted based on cultural analysis methods. The policy background of sports voucher is as follows. The voucher is to increase the efficiency of government operations in social welfare terms. The sports voucher belongs to express vouchers, welfare-promoted vouchers, and special-purpose vouchers. Next, the problems of sports voucher were as follows. First, there was ‘fragmentation, inaccessibility and unaccountability’. There were a limited range of lectures and issues of inaccessibility in which services could not be received because the residential areas of beneficiaries. The second problem was ‘exploiting institutional loopholes’. In the sports voucher service, immoral events are occurring for the financial profit of these businesses. The last problem was ‘lack of supervision’. Service oversight and enforcement were very loose, and this lukewarm audit can set a precedent for acquiring budget waste. And this study suggests‘Efforts to secure suppliers of many sports" and "Improvement of operation, management, and supervision of sports voucher service.