역도 인상동작 불안정성 수준에 따른 발바닥 체성감각요인 분석

( Young Jin Moon ) 한국운동역학회 2020 한국운동역학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objective: It is to find factors related to stability through analysis of plantar pressure factors according to the level of instability when performing Snatch. Method: Foot pressure analysis was performed while 10 weightlifters performed 80% of the highest level of Snatch, and motion was classified and analyzed in 3 grades according to the level of instability. Results: First, in Bad Motion, the movement distance of the pressure center in the direction of ML and AP was larger significantly in Phase 2. Second, in Phase 2, the number of zero-crossing in the AP direction was larger statistically significantly in Good Motion. Third, in the bad motion in Phase 3, the number of zero-crossing in the ML direction showed a significantly larger value. Fourth, in Phase 4, it was found that the more stable the lock out motion, the greater the activity of foot controlling in the left and right directions. Fifth, Phase 3, the greater the Maximum/Mean foot pressure value, the more stable the pulling action. Sixth, in Phase 2, the foot pressure was concentrated with a wide distribution in the midfoot and rearfoot. Seventh, the triggering number of the forefoot region was small in the last pull phase. Eighth, the number of triggers in the toe area was significantly higher during Good Motion in Phase 4. Conclusion: Summarizing the factors of instability in Snatch, there was no significant difference in Phase 1 for each condition. In order to enhance the stability in Phase 2, the sensory control ability in the AP direction is required, and focusing the foot pressing motion with a wide distribution in the middle and rear parts increases the instability. In Phase 3, it was found that the more unstable, the more sensory control activity was performed in the ML direction, the stronger the forefoot pressing action should be performed for a stable Snatch. In Phase 4, It is important that the feet sensory control activity in ML directions and the control ability of the toes in order to have stable Lock out motion.

역도 인상동작 불안정성 수준에 따른 발바닥 체성감각요인 분석

문영진 한국운동역학회 2020 한국운동역학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objective: It is to find factors related to stability through analysis of plantar pressure factors according to the level of instability when performing Snatch. Method: Foot pressure analysis was performed while 10 weightlifters performed 80% of the highest level of Snatch, and motion was classified and analyzed in 3 grades according to the level of instability. Results: First, in Bad Motion, the movement distance of the pressure center in the direction of ML and AP was larger significantly in Phase 2. Second, in Phase 2, the number of zero-crossing in the AP direction was larger statistically significantly in Good Motion. Third, in the bad motion in Phase 3, the number of zero-crossing in the ML direction showed a significantly larger value. Fourth, in Phase 4, it was found that the more stable the lock out motion, the greater the activity of foot controlling in the left and right directions. Fifth, Phase 3, the greater the Maximum/Mean foot pressure value, the more stable the pulling action. Sixth, in Phase 2, the foot pressure was concentrated with a wide distribution in the midfoot and rearfoot. Seventh, the triggering number of the forefoot region was small in the last pull phase. Eighth, the number of triggers in the toe area was significantly higher during Good Motion in Phase 4. Conclusion: Summarizing the factors of instability in Snatch, there was no significant difference in Phase 1 for each condition. In order to enhance the stability in Phase 2, the sensory control ability in the AP direction is required, and focusing the foot pressing motion with a wide distribution in the middle and rear parts increases the instability. In Phase 3, it was found that the more unstable, the more sensory control activity was performed in the ML direction, the stronger the forefoot pressing action should be performed for a stable Snatch. In Phase 4, It is important that the feet sensory control activity in ML directions and the control ability of the toes in order to have stable Lock out motion.

역도 인상동작 불안정성 수준에 따른 발바닥 체성감각요인 분석

Moon, Young Jin 한국운동역학회 2020 한국운동역학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objective: It is to find factors related to stability through analysis of plantar pressure factors according to the level of instability when performing Snatch. Method: Foot pressure analysis was performed while 10 weightlifters performed 80% of the highest level of Snatch, and motion was classified and analyzed in 3 grades according to the level of instability. Results: First, in Bad Motion, the movement distance of the pressure center in the direction of ML and AP was larger significantly in Phase 2. Second, in Phase 2, the number of zero-crossing in the AP direction was larger statistically significantly in Good Motion. Third, in the bad motion in Phase 3, the number of zero-crossing in the ML direction showed a significantly larger value. Fourth, in Phase 4, it was found that the more stable the lock out motion, the greater the activity of foot controlling in the left and right directions. Fifth, Phase 3, the greater the Maximum/Mean foot pressure value, the more stable the pulling action. Sixth, in Phase 2, the foot pressure was concentrated with a wide distribution in the midfoot and rearfoot. Seventh, the triggering number of the forefoot region was small in the last pull phase. Eighth, the number of triggers in the toe area was significantly higher during Good Motion in Phase 4. Conclusion: Summarizing the factors of instability in Snatch, there was no significant difference in Phase 1 for each condition. In order to enhance the stability in Phase 2, the sensory control ability in the AP direction is required, and focusing the foot pressing motion with a wide distribution in the middle and rear parts increases the instability. In Phase 3, it was found that the more unstable, the more sensory control activity was performed in the ML direction, the stronger the forefoot pressing action should be performed for a stable Snatch. In Phase 4, It is important that the feet sensory control activity in ML directions and the control ability of the toes in order to have stable Lock out motion.

역도 인상 동작 시 중량 증가에 따른 하지근육의 길이 및 수축 속도 변화

문영진 ( Young-jin Moon ),문제헌 ( Je-heon Moon ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2017 체육과학연구 Vol.28 No.1

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 역도 인상동작 시 중량 증가와 하지근육의 길이 변화를 관찰하여 주동근을 확인하고 근 수축 속도를 분석을 통하여 빠른 근 수축이 필요한 근육을 밝히는 것이다. [방법] 연구대상자는 국가대표 역도선수 10명으로 이들의 평균 연령은 29±3.84 yrs, 체중 71.3±16.04 kg, 신장 1.63±0.07 m, 인상 최고기록 128±36.30 kg이다. 실험은 개인 최고기록의 70%, 80%, 90% 중량으로 인상 동작을 수행하는 동안 동작분석을 실시하였다. 분석 변인은 근 길이와 근 수축 속도이며 생체역학 모델링에 의하여 산출하였다. 통계처리는 바벨 중량 증가(최고기록의 70%, 80%, 90%)와 근육에 따른 종속변인(하지 각도, 각속도, 근육의 길이, 수축 속도)의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 반복측정 이원분산분석(repeated measure with one-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. [결과] 연구결과에 의하면 중량 증가에 따른 하지 각도 이동범위, 최대 신전 각속도, 근 길이 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 근육 간 길이 비교에서는 대퇴 근육에 해당하는 내측광근, 외측광근, 대퇴이두근, 대퇴직근의 길이 차이가 다른 근육 길이 차이 보다 높아 주동근으로 예상된다. 인상 동작 시 빠르게 동원되어야 하는 근육을 확인하기 위해 수행한 근 수축 속도 분석한 결과에 의하면, 대퇴직근, 내측광근, 외측광근, 대퇴이두근이 그 대상으로 나타났다. [결론] 인상동작에서 주동근은 대퇴 주변의 근육이고 대퇴이 두근과 대내전근의 동시수축은 경기력 향상에 기여할 것이다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify the lower extremity muscles length change according to the increase of the weight during snatch. Also, through the muscle contraction velocity analysis, it is necessary to identify muscles that require rapid muscle contraction. [Methods] The subjects were 10 national weight-lifters. Their mean age was 29 ± 3.84 yrs, body weight 71.3 ± 16.04 kg, height 1.63 ± 0.07 m, and the highest recorded height 128 ± 36.30 kg. Experiments were performed during the snatch to 70%, 80%, and 90% of the individual highest records. The analysis variables were the lower extremity angle, angular velocity, muscle length and muscle contraction velocity and were calculated by biomechanical modeling. Statistical analysis was performed with a repeated measure with one-way ANOVA to analyze the difference between the increase weight (70%, 80%, 90% of peak) and the dependent variable (angel, angular velocity, muscle length and muscle contraction velocity). [Results] According to the results of the study, there was no statistical difference in angle, angular velocity and muscle length with increasing weight. However, in the comparison of the muscle length, muscle length of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, rectus femoris were statistically higher than other muscles. Also muscle contraction velocity of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris were statistically higher than other muscles. [Conclusion] In the snatch, the dominant muscles were the muscles around the femur, and the co-contraction of biceps femoris and great adductor muscles would contribute to improve the performance.

역도 인상 동작 시 그립유형별 운동역학적 특성분석

박태민 ( Tae-min Park ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2021 스포츠사이언스 Vol.39 No.2

본 연구는 인상동작 시 그립유형에 관한 연구가 없음을 인지하고 훈련 현장에서 가장 많이 사용하는 스트랩그립(strap grip), 훅그립(Hook grip), 오버핸드그립(over hand grip)유형들의 변인분석을 통해 어떤 특성이 있는지 비교 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해서 K부대 역도선수 10명을 대상으로 3가지 그립 유형에 따른 신체부위 각도를 측정하기 위해 운동역학적 변인들을 측정할 수 있는 마커를 붙이고 지면 반력기 위에서 인상동작을 실시하였다. 바벨중량은 최고기록의 75%의 강도로 동작을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 2국면 이중굽힘구간에서 오버핸드그립이 스트랩그립과 훅그립에 비해 느리게 나타났다. 둘째, 발목관절각은 3국면 잡아채기구간에서 오버핸드그립이 스트랩그립과 훅그립에 비해 크게 나타났다. 셋째, 무릎관절각은 1국면 끌기구간에서 오버핸드그립이 스트랩그립과 훅그립에 비해 작게 나타났다. 넷째, 엉덩관절각은 2국면 이중굽힘구간에서 오버핸드그립이 스트랩그립과 훅그립에 비해 크게 나타났다. 다섯째, 바의 변위는 1국면 끌기구간에서 오버핸드그립이 스트랩그립과 훅그립에 비해 작게 나타났다. 여섯 번째, 지면반력 전·후값은 이벤트1 끌기구간에서 스트랩그립이 훅그립보다 크게 나타났고, 지면반력 수직값은 이벤트3 이중굽힘구간에서 스트랩그립이 오버핸드그립보다 크게 나타나는 특성이 나타났다. 따라서 그립유형 별 특성을 고려하여 훈련프로그램 적용 시 스트랩그립은 90%이상 고강도 고중량을 할 때, 훅그립은 80% 이내 중강도 중량으로, 오버핸드 그립은 역도에 입문한 비숙련자, 팔 길이나 손가락이 작아 유형별 기록차이가 많이나는 선수, 과도한 팔의 사용을 하는 선수, 끌기 동작 시 지면을 누르지 못하고 무릎각이 커지거나 작아지는 선수, 앉아받기 동작이 불안정한 선수, 즉 인상기술과 및 파워가 부족한 선수들에게 70%이내 저강도 중량으로 반복 연습한다면 경기력 향상에 효과적일 수 있다고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different weightlifting grips in snatch. For this notion, Ten weightlifters from K military unit were put on markers that could measure kinematic variables to measure the body part angles according to the three grip types (strap grip, hook grip and over hand grip) and performed impression actions on the ground reflector. The barbell weight was performed at 75% of the highest record. First, our results showed that the time required was decreased in over hand grip than strap grips and hook grips in the double bending section of phase 2. Second, the ankle joint angle was increased in over hand grip than the strap grip and hook grip in the pull of phases 3. Third, the Knee joint angle was decreased in over hand grip than strap grip and hook grip in the deadlift of phases 1. Forth, The hip joint angle was larger in over hand grip than strap grip and hook grip in the double bending section of the phase 2. Fifth, the displacement of the bar was decreased in over hand grip than strap grip and hook grip in the deadlift of phases 1. Sixth, The pre- and post-ground rebound values showed that the strap grip was increased than the hook grip between the event 1 deadlift, and the vertical ground reaction vertical value showed that the strap grip was larger than the overhand grip in the event 3 double bending section. Therefore, considering the characteristics of each type of grip, when applying a training program, the strap grip can be effective of 90% or more high-intensity, the hook grip is within 80% heavy weight, and the over hand grip is for beginner, small arms or fingers, and excessive arm use, players with weak knees and knees. In other words, if players who lack impression skills and power repeatedly practice with a low-intensity weight within 70%, it can be effective in improving their performance.

역도 인상, 용상 기록향상과 관계가 높은 주요 훈련종목 추출

( Young Jin Moon ),( Tae Min Park ) 한국운동역학회 2021 한국운동역학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Objective: It is to extract training items that have a high relationship with the improvement of weightlifting records through correlation and regression analysis between training methods used commonly in the field and Snatch records and jerk records. Through this, it is intended to promote training efficiency to improve the records of weightlifters. Method: For 90 elite weightlifters of the professional teams, 4 groups (lightweight (30 people): 61 kg, 67 kg, 73 kg., middleweight (30 people): 81 kg, 89 kg, 96 kg., heavyweight (30 people): 102 kg, 109 kg, +109 kg., the whole group (90 people)) were divided. At the significance level of 0.05, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed between record of training methods used widely in the field and Snatch records and Jerk records. Results: First, the better the record in Jerk, the better the Snatch record. Second, the three training methods HS, ForceS and WP performed in the field were all found to be important factors related to the improvement of Snatch record. Third, In the jerk where there are more types of training than Snatch, three training methods (HC, ForceS, BPP) appeared to be an important training method for improving the jerk record. Conclusion: While many training methods have been devised and carried out in the field, 3 types of training (HS, ForceS, WP) for improving Snatch record and 3 types of training (HC, ForceS, BPP) for improving Jerk record was found to be the most influential training method. Since all of them showed a large value of explanatory power by regression analysis, it is considered that this study is meaningful in that it can promote training efficiency by simplifying although there are many types of training for athletes.

역도 인상동작에 대한 근력의 기여도 분석

강찬금,박은혜,Kang, Chan-Keum,Park, Eun-Hye 한국운동역학회 2003 한국운동역학회지 Vol.13 No.3

The objective of this research is to provide basic data for improving athletic performances, suggesting methods that can be utilized at games and coaching movements in the snatch, by analyzing the level of contribution of muscles to the movements of the snatch lift through three-dimensional imaging and EMG analysis between skilled and unskilled lifters. To this end, three high school students (the skilled group), three middle school student (the unskilled group) were selected; two digital video cameras and electromyography were used. The muscles measured by an EMG include gastrocnemius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, and brachioradialis. Based on the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) program, the results of the analysis are summarized as follows. 1. In performing snatch pulls, the skilled lifters were found to simultaneously move the weight centers of the body and the barbell close to vertical, close to the shoulders in the pulling portion; in snatching and grabbing the barbell from a sited position, it was observed that the shorter the time for adjusting to change in the height of the barbell by using rotational inertia, the better it is to perform the movements. 2. The skilled lifters were observed to perform stable and efficient movements in grabbing the bar in a sited position, by moving the barbell and weight center of the body close to vertical and moving the shoulder joint under the bar fast. 3. The results of the EMG analysis of the entire movements from the snatching portion to the portion of grabbing the bar in a sited position show that when the skilled lifters lifted the barbell vertically during the pulling portion, their shoulder joints were extended to put more weight on biceps femoris muscle and brachioradialis; and in snatching and grabbing the bar from a sited position, it was found desirable to increase the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae in order to achieve a balance in the movements of the hip joint between font and rear, as the weight centers of the body and the barbell move higher. On the other hand, the unskilled lifters were found that in response to change in posture, they increase their muscular strength inefficiently in performing the movements throughout the entire lifting process.

A study on the relations between criminal behaviors in purse-snatching and urban spaces

Takumi Kasuya,Hidenori Tamagawa 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2012 도시과학국제저널 Vol.16 No.3

Many purse-snatching cases occur near or around stations or entertainment areas where many people gather. We examined 16 purse-snatching cases closely and verified how purse-snatching offenders utilized urban spaces and how they behaved. Our results showed that purse-snatching offenders headed for hunting grounds looking for their targets based on the distance between their bases and their hunting grounds. It also depended on the transportation means they used. Urban elements also affected the behaviors of the purse-snatching offenders and the offenders often utilized urban structures such as parks as their escape routes or hiding places.

12주 동안의 역도 특이적 기술훈련이 역도선수들의 인상기술에 미치는 영향

김동현,문제헌,김성민 한국융합과학회 2022 한국융합과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic changes on the snatch technique for 12 weeks weightlifting-specific training of Korean weightlifters. Methods Nine male weightlifters(age: 1.73±0.08 m, weight: 95.5±21.6 kg, BMI 31.5±4.8 kg/m2, snatch record: 165.1±14.9 kg) performed weightlifting-specific training for 12 weeks, and this program was consisted of ‘press’, ‘squat’, ‘snatch’ and ‘clean and jerk’. The pre/post-test was analyzed by barbell and joints of kinematic variables in sagittal plane. All analyses was evaluated with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test using SPSS 21.0. Result Results indicated that the left/right barbell’s maximum height during post-test was increased than the pre-test(p<.01). The left/right barbell’s maximum velocity druing post-test was faster than the pre-test(p<.01). The range of motion for trunk and right knee joint was decreased(p<.01). The maximum extension angular velocity for trunk, hip, right joint during post-test was faster than pre-test(p<.01). Conclusion In conclusion, the kinematic variables of weightlifters was changed by performing developed weightlifting-specific training, it would be used in training methods to improve performance. 연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 역도 전문 선수들을 대상으로 12주 동안 역도 특이적 기술훈련 프로그램을 통해 인상기술의 운동학적 변화를 조사하는데 있다. 연구방법 역도 남자선수 9명(신장: 1.73±0.08 m, 몸무게: 95.5±21.6 kg, BMI: 31.5±4.8 kg/m2, 인상 기록: 165.1±14.9 kg)을 대상으로 12주 동안의 역도 코어 및 근 밸런스 기술훈련을 실시하였고, 이 프로그램은 press, squat, snatch, clean and jerk로 구성되었다. 사전/사후측정은 시상면 방향의 바벨 움직임과 몸통~발목관절까지의 운동학적 변인을 분석하였고 모든 분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 정규성 검정을 실시한 후 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정에 의한 종속변인의 차이를 검증하였다. 결과 좌/우측 바벨 최대 수직 높이는 사후측정 시 사전측정 보다 증가하였고(p = .008). 좌/우측 바벨의 최대 수직 속도는 사후측정 시 사전측정 보다 빠르게 나타났다(p = .008). 몸통 관절과 우측 무릎 관절의 가동범위는 사후측정 시 모두 감소하였다(몸통: p = .008; 우측 무릎: p = .015). 몸통, 좌/우측 엉덩관절, 우측 무릎 관절의 최대 신전 각속도는 사후측정 시 사전측정 보다 빠르게 나타났다(몸통: p = .008; 좌측 엉덩이: p = .038; 우측 엉덩이: p = .015; 우측 무릎: p = .021). 결론 본 연구에서 개발한 역도 특이적 기술훈련 프로그램 수행 후 역도 선수들에게서 운동학적 변인에 대한 긍정적인 변화가 나타났고 향후 개선된 기술훈련 프로그램을 선수들에게 제공하여 경기력을 향상시키는데 효과적인 운동방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

운동역학 : 여자 역도 선수와 우수 남자 역도 선수 인상 동작의 운동학적 비교 분석

이건범(GunBumLee) 한국체육학회 2002 한국체육학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The snatch techniques of 2 highly skilled man weight lifters were compared to those of 4 skilled woman weight-lifters while performing the snatch, from the lift-off of the barbell to the catch of the barbell overhead with the body in a squatting position The performing of them were videotaped using two digital cameras with the frame rate being 30 Hz. This data was reduced to 3D coordinates using DLT method.The results was the following;1) Especially, the time performing the lock out, the duration time` in the snatching of the women was longer than it of the men. 2) The women raised the barbell to a relatively higher height, and catched it to a relatively lower height. 3) The women pulled up the barbell with the declined position of the trunk far off the vertical axis of the start position, and the backward declined position of the trunk and the upper extremities for the lock out phase was correlated with the height of the barbell, the transverse distance between the vertical axis and barbell, c.g. of body at the 3rd event. 4) The maximum vertical velocity of the barbell for the pull up phase was no difference between the women and the men, it of KO-M and S4 of the women was seemed it of world-class level. 5) The peak angular velocity of the ankle, knee, hip joints for all subjects` showed in the second pull phase, and it of the hip joints for the men and S3, S4 of the women revealed prior to the other joints, just after that, it of the ankle and the knee joints did at the same time for it phase, but the peak angular velocity of the hip joint for S1, S2 of the women revealed, immediately after, it of the ankle-the knee joint did in sequence. The angular velocity of, the ankle, knee, hip joints for all subjects decelerated in sequence for the lock out phase. The connecting timing of the peak angular velocity of the joints for the women was slower than the men in the second pull phase.