판상엽 배합비와 공기희석율이 제품담배 연기성분 및 연소온도 변화에 미치는 영향

성용주,한영림,백신,김시몽,제병권,오인혁,이창국,김수호,신창호,김근수,Sung, Yong-Joo,Han, Young-Lim,Baek, Shin,Kim, Shi-Mong,Jeh, Byong-Kwon,Oh, In-Hyeog,Lee, Chang-Kook,Kim, Soo-Ho,Shin, Chang-Ho,Kim, Kun-Soo 한국연초학회 2008 한국연초학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The application of RECON(Reconstituted tobacco sheet) and the ventilation technology has been considered as very useful methods for controlling the tar and nicotine deliveries in modern blended tobacco. In this study, the effects of RECON contents in simulated blends on the smoke delivery and burning temperature were evaluated in three different ventilation levels. The ventilation showed a great influence on the burning temperature and smoke deliveries. The nicotine, tar and CO deliveries was greatly reduced by the ventilation. The amount of RECON showed the minor impacts on the smoke delivery. In high ventilation level such as 85 % ventilation, there was no distinct change in smoke deliveries by the amount of RECON.

비흡연 대학생의 전자담배 간접흡연에 대한 흡연태도와 흡연대처행동의 관계

위소정(Wi Sojeong),박덕민(Park Deokmin),김현진(Kim Hyunjin),박명주(Park Myungjoo),홍혜정(Hong Hye chong) 한국기초간호학회 2019 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.21 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking attitude and coping skills toward secondhand e-cigarette smoking among nonsmoking college students. Methods : This study was conducted with 148 students from a University in Seoul, Korea. Participants completed questionnaires and the data were analyzed using a T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results : The mean score of smoking attitude is 51.35±4.73. The mean score of coping skills is 13.89±2.53 in verbal skills, 10.16±2.37 in behavioral skills, and 8.32±2.30 in assertive skills. Coping skills toward secondhand smoking are noted as being different by current cohabitation smoker. A significant relationship between smoking attitude and behavioral coping skills(r=.23, p=.004) was found, which means that a better smoking attitude was correlated with more active behavioral coping skills. Conclusion : The results showed that nonsmoking college students with better smoking attitude react to the E-cigarette smoking with more active behaviors. Therefore, interventions are needed to be developed to encourage better smoking attitude and coping skills toward secondhand E-cigarette smoking.

Associations between the Frequency and Quantity of Heated Tobacco Product Use and Smoking Characteristics among Korean Smoking Adolescents

이해인,이보경 한국간호과학회 2023 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: Although heated tobacco product (HTP) use among adolescents is an emerging public health problem, little is known about the frequency and quantity of HTP use. Thus, we investigated the associations between the frequency and quantity of HTP use and smoking characteristics (i.e., combustible cigarette [CC] and electronic cigarette [EC] use, and attempts to quit smoking) among CC-smoking adolescents. Methods: We analyzed nationally representative data from 2,470 Korean adolescents who were current CC smokers. To investigate our aim, we conducted multinomial logistic and logistic regression analyses. Results: We found that daily and heavier CC users had greater likelihoods of more frequent and heavier HTP use. In addition, dual users of CCs and ECs were more likely to use HTPs more frequently and heavily than CC users who did not use ECs. Moreover, daily EC users had the highest risk of frequent and heavy HTP use. The frequency and quantity of HTP use were not associated with attempts to quit smoking. Compared to CC-only use, dual use of CCs and HTPs was not associated with quitting attempts, and triple use of CCs, ECs, and HTPs was associated with a lower likelihood of quitting attempts. Conclusion: HTP use was less likely to displace CC use and promote attempts to quit smoking. Thus, strict regulations are required to prevent the promotion of HTPs as a substitute for CCs or as a means of quitting smoking. Additionally, health professionals should consider preventive interventions for HTP, as well as CC and EC use among adolescents.

한국 성인에서 전자담배 흡연경험과 우울 증상과의 관계: 2016 국민건강영양조사 자료 이용

박가윤,여혜정,강동연,임승용,이준용,문나연 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Practice Vol.9 No.5

Background: Although the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking is increasing worldwide, the harmfulness of e-cigarette is not obvious. A previous study reported that e-cigarette smoking is associated with depressive symptoms in college students irrespective of tobacco smoking. However, there has been no research that has addressed this issue in the general population to date. This study was conducted to clarify the association between e-cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms in Korean adults. Methods: The cross-sectional study collected raw data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016) and included 5,742 adults, who were ≥19 years and responded to the survey of smoking and mental health section. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio of depressive symptoms by e-cigarette smoking experience and included sex, age, educational level, marital status, household income level, self-rated health, activity restriction, obesity, tobacco smoking experience, alcohol drinking experience, and stress perception level as covariates. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the patient health questionnaire-9, Korean edition. Results: The rate of depressive symptoms in subjects was 5.6% (n=354) in total. Individuals with depressive symptoms were more likely to have used e-cigarettes (15.6%) than those without depressive symptoms (8.6%; P=0.001). The e-cigarette experienced group showed a higher risk of depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–2.924) than the e-cigarette unexperienced group. The result was adjusted based on the abovementioned covariates. Conclusion: In Korean adults, a significant association between e-cigarette smoking experience and depressive symptoms was observed. 연구배경: 전자담배는 일반담배보다 덜 해롭다는 인식으로 일반담배의 금연을 위해 사용하는 경우가 많지만 전자담배의 안정성 및유해성에 대해서는 결론지을 수 없으며 전자담배에 대한 접근성이높아지면서 새롭게 전자담배를 접하는 인구도 증가하고 있다. 최근흡연자나 대학생을 대상으로 한 연구에서 전자담배 사용이 우울 증상과 상관관계가 있다고 보고되었다. 하지만 일반적인 성인을 대상으로 한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 한국 성인에서 전자담배사용경험 유무와 우울 증상의 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 2016년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 만 19세 이상 성인 중 흡연과 정신건강 설문에 응답한 5,742명을 연구 대상자로 하였다. 전자담배를 사용해본 적이 있는 대상자를 전자담배 흡연 경험군으로 선정하였고, 우울증 선별도구(PHQ-9)의 9문항 점수 합계 10점 이상을우울 증상이 있다고 정의하였다. 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 전자담배 경험 유무에 따른 우울 증상의 교차비를 구하였으며,성별, 연령, 교육 수준, 결혼 여부, 가구 소득, 주관적 건강 상태, 활동제한 여부, 비만 유병 여부, 평생 흡연 여부, 평생 음주 경험, 평소스트레스 인지 정도에 대해서 보정하였다. 결과: 전체 조사 대상자 중 우울 증상이 있는 비율은 5.6% (n=354)였고, 이 중 전자담배를 사용한 적이 있는 전자담배 흡연 경험군의비율은 15.6% (n=43)로 우울 증상이 없는 그룹의 8.6% (n=356)에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 또한 전자담배 경험군이전자담배 비경험군에 비해서 우울 증상이 있을 위험도가 1.71배 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이는 일반담배 흡연 경험 등우울 증상에 영향을 줄 수 있는 변수들을 보정한 결과이다. 결론: 한국 성인에서 전자담배를 사용한 적이 있는 전자담배 경험군에서 우울 증상이 있을 위험도가 전자담배 비경험군에 비해 1.71배 높게 나타났다.

청소년 흡연자의 전자담배 사용 빈도와 흡연 관련 특성 간의 연관성

이해인 한국아동간호학회 2019 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: We aimed to identify associations between the frequency of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking-related characteristics among adolescent smokers. Methods: We used data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The participants were 3,722 smokers who had smoked cigarettes on at least one day during the past 30 days. The frequency of e-cigarette use was defined as the number of days that participants used e-cigarettes during the past 30 days, and was divided into four categories: 0, 1~2, 3~9, and≥10 days. We used the x2 test and multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between the frequency of e-cigarette use and smoking-related characteristics. Results: Those who attempted to quit smoking, had used a heated tobacco product (HTP) at least once, or initiated e-cigarette use before middle school were more likely to use e-cigarettes for 3~9 days in the past 30 days. More frequent e-cigarette use (≥10 days) was associated with a higher frequency and greater amount of cigarette use, lifetime HTP use, and earlier initiation of e-cigarette use. Conclusion: Smoking-related characteristics differed by the frequency of e-cigarette use. Therefore, intervention programs targeting adolescent smokers should consider differences in smoking-related characteristics based on the frequency of e-cigarette use.

항산화 필터 제조 및 주류연중 free radicals 제거 효과

김수호,차성제,심원택,정봉수,서만석,송인범,장행현,신창호,김종열,김정열,최윤주,Kim, Soo-Ho,Cha, Sung-Je,Shim, Weon-Tack,Cheong, Bong-Su,Seo, Man-Seok,Song, In-Beom,Jang, Hang-Hyun,Shin, Chang-Ho,Kim, Jong-Yeol,Kim, Chung-Ryul,Choi, Yoo 한국연초학회 2009 한국연초학회지 Vol.31 No.1

This study describes the manufacturing method of antioxidant filter and evaluate the reduction of free radical and biological activity from mainstream smoke. When we used spray-brush for the application of antioxidant solution to the filter, cv(coefficient of variation) levels of antioxidant added to filter ranged within 3 %, which means stable and constant feeding process. 0.3~0.5mg per cigarette of antioxidant were sprayed to acetate and active carbon part in the filter plug, respectively. It was considered that the use of antioxidant added filter resulted in the reduction of the gaseous compounds of free radicals from 17 % to 19 % in the mainstream smoke. Variation for removal efficiency of free radical in antioxidant filter added to acetate part was more pronounced than that of filter added to active carbon part. Smoking deliveries of tar, nicotine for the antioxidant added filters were similar when comparing to the non-antioxidant added filter, but the delivering amounts of isoprene were significantly reduced. The estimation of consumed GSH(glutathion) showed that the gaseous toxicity of the antioxidant added filter was 14 % ~ 23 % lower than that of non-antioxidant added filter. No significant differences were observed for the total taste quality in sensory evaluation.

The Relationship between Electronic Cigarette Use with or without Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use among Adolescents: Finding from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey

Kwang Ho Oh,Cheol Min Lee,Bumjo Oh,Seung-Won Oh,Hee-Kyung Joh,Ho Chun Choi,Seung Jae Kim,Sho Rry Lea 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.4

Background: Electronic cigarette (EC) consumption (‘vaping’) is rapidly increasing, not only in adults but also in adolescents. Little is known about the association between vaping and problem behaviors such as drinking.Methods: We used data from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which was conducted in 2015 and included 68,043 participants who were Korean middle and high school students. The survey assessed EC, ciga-rette, and alcohol use. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine risk of current drinking and problem drinking across the following categories of users: never user (never used either product), former user (use of EC or cigarettes in the past, but not currently), vaping only, smoking only, and dual user (current use of both products).Results: EC only users were 1.2% in males, and 0.3% in females. Dual user of both conventional cigarettes and ECs were 5.1% in males, and 1.2% in females. Drinking frequency, drinking quantity per once, and problem drinking were higher among vapers than non-vapers and former-vapers, moreover, were higher among daily vapers than intermit-tent vapers. Compared to never users, EC only users were higher on risk of current drink and problem drink. The dual users were highest on risk of current drink.Conclusion: Vaping is independently associated with alcohol use problems in Korean students, even those not cur-rently smoking. Moreover, dual use of cigarettes and ECs is strongly associated with alcohol use problems. There-fore, vaping students should be concerned about their hidden alcohol use problems.

한국 성인의 전자담배의 종류(액상형, 궐련형)에 따른 사용 행태와 금연 계획: 제8기 국민건강영양조사(2019–2020)

도혜윤,심명섭,김대현,서영성,홍승완 대한가정의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Family Practice Vol.13 No.4

Background: The number of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette, EC) and heated tobacco product (HTP) users in Korea is increasing. Although many users intend to quit smoking, the association between EC or HTP use and smoking cessation has not been clearly proven. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of EC or HTP use on smoking cessation. Methods: This study used data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The association between sociodemographic variables and smoking cessation behaviors according to tobacco type were examined using a chi-squared analysis. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of smoking continuation according to tobacco type. Results: This study found that the risk of smoking continuation of EC users was 1.8 times higher than that of conventional cigarette (CC) users (odds ratio [OR], 1.760; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.172–2.633). When the regression model was adjusted for confounding variables, the risk of smoking continuation of EC users was 2.1 times higher than that of CC users (OR, 2.062; 95% CI, 1.346–3.157), while the risk of smoking continuation of HTP users was 1.5 times higher than that of CC users (OR, 1.498; 95% CI, 1.129–1.989). Conclusion: The risk of smoking continuation of EC or HTP users was higher than that of CC users, the risk being higher for EC smokers than HTP users. Therefore, there is a need for continuous research on the association between different tobacco types and smoking cessation. 연구배경: 국내 전자담배 사용자 수는 빠르게 증가하고 있고, 많은 전자담배 사용자들이 금연 의도를 가지고 전자담배를 사용하고 있으나, 실제 금연과의 상관성이 명확하게 입증되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 제8기 국민건강영양조사(2019–2020년) 자료를 이용하여 전자담배의 종류(액상형, 궐련형)에 따른 흡연 행태와 금연 계획에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 19세 이상 성인 흡연자 2,264명을 대상으로 하였고, 현재 사용 중인 전자담배의 종류에 따라 액상형 전자담배(155 명), 궐련형 전자담배(330명), 액상형+궐련형 전자담배(84명), 일반담배(1,695명) 그룹으로 나누어 분석하였다. 흡연자의 전자담배 종류에 따른 사회인구학적 변수 및 금연 행태는 카이제곱 분석, 흡연자의 전자담배 이용 여부와 그 종류에 따른 흡연 지속(6개월 이내에 금연 계획 없음) 위험은 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 현재 흡연 중인 전체 성인의 전자담배 흡연 여부에 따른 흡연 지속 위험을 분석한 결과, 액상형 전자담배를 피우는 사람의 흡연 지속 위험이 일반 담배 이용자보다 1.8배(OR, 1.760; 95% CI, 1.172–2.633) 높았다. 또한, 교란변수(연령, 소득수준, 교육수준, 거주지, 결혼 여부)를 보정한 회귀모델에서는 일반 담배 이용자와 비교하여 액상형 전자담배를 피우는 사람의 흡연 지속 위험이 2.1배(OR, 2.062; 95% CI, 1.346–3.157), 궐련형 전자담배를 피우는 사람의 흡연 지속 위험이 1.5배(OR, 1.498; 95% CI, 1.129–1.989) 높았다. 결론: 성인의 전자담배 흡연 여부 및 종류에 따른 6개월 이상의 흡연 지속 위험을 분석한 결과, 일반 담배 이용자보다 전자담배를 사용하는 흡연자의 지속 위험이 더 높았으며, 액상형 전자담배를 피우는 경우 흡연 지속 위험이 더 높았다. 그러므로 향후 전자담배의 종류에 따른 금연의 상관성에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

The Impact of Heated Tobacco Products on Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, and Tobacco Sales in South Korea

이철민 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.5

Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a hybrid between conventional and electronic cigarettes, were first launched in South Korea in June 2017. Owing to advertisements stating that HTPs are odorless, tar-free, and less harmful to health, the sales of HTPs have grown quickly enough to account for about 10% of the total tobacco market in a year. HTP use by young, highly educated, and high-income groups had a significant impact on both the overall tobacco market over the past 3 years and the smoking and quitting behaviors of smokers. Based on national smoking rate statistics, tobacco sales trends, and the number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics, the following changes have been identified: (1) The decline in current smoking rates has slowed or rose in some groups. (2) The decline in total cigarette sales has slowed but rose again in the first quarter of 2020. (3) The number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics decreased just after the advent of HTPs. These results may be due to the insufficient support of tobacco regulation policies but also coincide chronologically with the appearance of HTPs in South Korea. It is necessary to investigate the usage rate of various tobacco products, including HTPs and e-cigarettes, to examine the health risks of novel tobacco products and provide accurate information to users and policymakers. Finally, tobacco companies are continuously developing new product concepts to escape the regulation of existing cigarettes; thus, comprehensive management measures for all nicotine-containing products are needed.

금연을 위한 전자담배의 사용과 세계 규제 동향

진예지,강민구,박태은 한국임상약학회 2022 한국임상약학회지 Vol.32 No.2

E-cigarettes were considered safe at the early stage of market entry because they were thought not to contain harmful ingredientssuch as nicotine and because the smoke emitted was vapor. For this reason, the use of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to tobaccocigarettes or as a smoking cessation aid has emerged. However, the study results on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smokingcessation are mixed. In response to the increased use of e-cigarettes, foreign countries have implemented various regulations, such asutilizing e-cigarettes for smoking cessation with a prescription in Australia; however, South Korea is still standing firm onrecommending not to use e-cigarettes at all. Therefore, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and the regulatorytrends of e-cigarette use overseas will be reviewed to discuss the future direction in South Korea needs to take.