Submerged Culture Medium Composition for the Antioxidant Activity by Grifola frondosa TFRI1073

En-Shyh Lin 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.4

Effects of nutritional requirements for superoxide anion scavenging activity and reducing power by a newly screened Grifola frondosa TFRI1073 were studied in submerged cultures. The results clearly showed that the culture medium significantly affected superoxide anion scavenging activity and reducing power. In addition,both superoxide anion scavenging capability and reducing power were found to be greatly affected by varying the carbon source, the nitrogen source, the growth factor, and the mineral elements. The best superoxide anion scavenging activity could be obtained when the medium compositions (carbon source, nitrogen source, growth factor, and the mineral elements) were sucrose, ammonium chloride,nicotinic acid, K3PO4, and CuSO4; while a maximal reducing power could be achieved when the medium composition setting as: xylose, arginine, ascorbic acid,K2HPO4, and MgSO4. From a series experiments, the maximal superoxide anion scavenging activity and reducing power were 98.36±0.59% and 0.947±0.06 at 100 μg/mL,respectively. This study proved that modifying the composition of the medium can dramatically enhance the superoxide anion scavenging ability and reducing power by a newly screened G. frondosa TFRI1073.

(-)-Catechin 및 배당체의 환원력 및 α-glucosidase저해 활성

왕명현,정미정,허성일 한국생약학회 2007 생약학회지 Vol.38 No.4

the EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract of Ulmus davidiana, (-)-catechin (1), (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-api-ofuranoside (2), and (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D- xylopyranoside (3) were isolated and characterized on the basis of 1H-and 13C-NMR,and FABMS spectral data. Compounds 1-3 showed more strong reducing power activities than α-tocopherol, a positive control.Key wordsUlmus davidiana, (-)-catechin, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, (-)-catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside,reducing power.... (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica). .. ...

Power Series Rings Satisfying a Zero Divisor Property

Kim, Nam,Lee, Ki,Lee, Yang Taylor Francis 2006 Communications in Algebra Vol.34 No.6

<P>In this note we continue to study zero divisors in power series rings and polynomial rings over general noncommutative rings. We first construct Armendariz rings which are not power-serieswise Armendariz, and find various properties of (power-serieswise) Armendariz rings. We show that for a semiprime power-serieswise Armendariz (so reduced) ring R with a.c.c. on annihilator ideals, R [[ x ]] (the power series ring with an indeterminate x over R ) has finitely many minimal prime ideals, say B 1 ,…, B m , such that B 1 … B m = 0 and B i = A i [[ x ]] for some minimal prime ideal A i of R for all i , where A 1 ,…, A m are all minimal prime ideals of R . We also prove that the power-serieswise Armendarizness is preserved by the polynomial ring extension as the Armendarizness, and construct various types of (power-serieswise) Armendariz rings.</P>

Enrichment of CO2-Fixing Bacteria in Cylinder-Type Electrochemical Bioreactor with Built-In Anode Compartment

( Bo Young Jeon ),( Il Lae Jung ),( Doo Hyun Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6

Bacterial assimilation of CO2 into stable biomolecules using electrochemical reducing power may be an effective method to reduce atmospheric CO2 without fossil fuel combustion. For the enrichment of the CO2-fixing bacteria using electrochemical reducing power as an energy source, a cylinder-type electrochemical bioreactor with a built-in anode compartment was developed. A graphite felt cathode modified with neutral red (NR-graphite cathode) was used as a solid electron mediator to induce bacterial cells to fix CO2 using electrochemical reducing power. Bacterial CO2 consumption was calculated based on the variation in the ratio of CO2 to N2 in the gas reservoir. CO2 consumed by the bacteria grown in the electrochemical bioreactor (2,000 ml) reached a maximum of approximately 1,500 ml per week. Time-coursed variations in the bacterial community grown with the electrochemical reducing power and CO2 in the mineral-based medium were analyzed via temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) of the 16S rDNA variable region. Some of the bacterial community constituents noted at the initial time disappeared completely, but some of them observed as DNA signs at the initial time were clearly enriched in the electrochemical bioreactor during 24 weeks of incubation. Finally, Alcaligenes sp. and Achromobacter sp., which are capable of autotrophically fixing CO2, were enriched to major constituents of the bacterial community in the electrochemical bioreactor.

항산화활성 비교를 통한 발효 칠피의 추출용매 조건 탐색

김명옥,김주성,사여진,정현주,전완주,권용수,김태영,최한석,유창연,김명조 한국약용작물학회 2010 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.18 No.4

In this study, we investigated antioxidant capacity and determined the phenolic and flavonoid contents using each of various solvent conditions from fermented Rhus verniciflua stem bark (F-RVS). Each extracts displayed markedly similar content of extraction yield. However, M80 extract showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity in comparison to other extract investigated. M80 exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with RC50 value of 10.5±1.4μg/ml, reducing power value 1.04 Abs (concentration of 1 mg/ml), and anti-lipid peroxidation activity value of 94.6% (concentration of 10 mg/ml). M80 extract showed the high content of total phenolic (319.7 mg GAE/ml extract) and total flavonoid (111.6 mg QE/ml extract). Phenolic and flavonoid compounds showed significant relationship in DPPH radical scavenging (R2=0.911 and 0.912, each extract) and reducing power (R2=0.903 and 0.837, each extract) from fermented R. verniciflua stem bark. However, antilipid peroxidation activity (R2=0.589 and 0.441, each extract) was not significant like DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power. Therefor the result indicated that the potential antioxidant activities and functional values were ovserved significantly at M80 solvent condition from the fermented R. verniciflua stem bark.

미국 도입 수수 유전자원의 항산화활성과 항균활성

고은정,유지혜,성은수,이재근,황인성,김남준,유창연 한국자원식물학회 2012 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study was carried out to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and biological activities of Sorghum bicolor germplasms introduced from USA. Plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf vein color, ear type, ear length and ear width have different from the cultivated accessions. Sweet-N-Sterile (#4) showed the tallest height,widest ear-width and stem diameter. Most of Sorghum bicolor plants may be available to use for bio-energy from these results showing big biomass. Antioxidant activities of 11 cultivars collected from USA were examined by DPPH assay and reducing power. Among the cultivars, Premium stock (#1), Early Sumac (#7), SS Silage (#9) and WGF Grain Sorghum (#11) showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity in comparison to others. Early Sumac (#7) and SS silage (#9)showed more strong reducing power activities than α-tocopherol, a positive control. Premium stock (#1), Sweet-N-Sterile (#4), Early Sumac (#7) and SS Silage (#9) were also showed high antioxidant activities by DPPH assay and reducing power experiment. BMR Gold I (#3) displayed strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at minimum inhibitory concentrations (125 μg/ml). 본 연구는 미국 수수 수집종의 작물학적 특성 및 생리활성을 검정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 대부분의 미국 수수 수집종은 200 cm 이상의 큰 초장을 보였으며, 간경 또한 2cm 이상의 값을 나타냈다. 수수 수집종 중에서는 Sweet-N-Sterile(#4)이 가장 우량한 수수의 생장 특성을 보였다. 수수의 DPPH를 이용한 활성 검정 결과, Premium stock (#1), Early Sumac(#7), SS Silage(#9), WGF Grain Sorghum(#11) 4개의 수집종에서 기존의 항산화제인 α-tocopherol과 BHA와 비슷한 활성을 보였고 BHT보다는높은 활성을 보였다. 항미생물 실험결과 BMR Gold I(#3)이 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, 특히 Escherichia coli 에서 125 μg/ml으로 높은 활성수치를 나타냈다.

마가목의 부위별 추출물과 수용성 키토산의 항산화 활성

서예주 ( Ye Ju Seo ),정병옥 ( Byung-ok Jung ),정석진 ( Suk-jin Chung ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2017 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.22 No.1

마가목의 부위별 추출물 수율은 대체로 추출 시간에 비례하여 증가하였다. 각 마가목 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 항산화성분 함량을 조사한 결과, 껍질의 항산화 활성 및 항산화 성분 함량이 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 가지, 열매 순서였다. 항산화 성분은 폴리페놀 화합물보다는 플라보노이드의 함량이 높았다. 시간별로는 대개 24 hr 추출물이 3 hr, 48 hr보다도 높은 활성을 보였다. WSC와의 상승효과는 DPPH free radical 소거 활성에서 가장 잘 관찰되었다. 가지 추출물의 라디칼 소거 활성은 18.23±0.82%였고 WSC와의 상승효과는 보이지 않았다. 껍질 추출물의 활성은 34.06±0.97%로 추출물 중 가장 높았으며, WSC1 혹은 WSC 3과 추출물을 1:4 부피비로 혼합한 경우 약간의 상승효과를 보였다. 열매 추출물의 경우, 활성은 8.47±1.94%로 추출물 중 가장 낮았으나 WSC 1, WSC 2, WSC 3 모두와 뚜렷한 상승효과를 나타냈다. ABTS free radical 소거활성은 가지 추출물에서 46.51±2.57%, 껍질 추출물에서 68.66±0.99%, 열매 추출물에서 12.28±0.86%로 나타났다. 가지와 껍질 추출물에서는 상승효과가 보이지 않았고, 열매 추출물에서 나타난 상승효과도 미약한 수준이었다. 환원력은 가지 추출물에서 23.57±2.50 AA eq ppm, 껍질추출물에서 41.20±2.43 AA eq ppm, 열매 추출물에서 12.96±0.91 AA eq ppm으로 나타났다. 가지 추출물은 WSC 2와의 1:4 비율에서, 껍질 추출물은 WSC 1과의 1:4 비율에서 상승효과를 보였다. 열매 추출물의 경우 환원력의 변화폭이 작아 상승효과가 있다고 보기에는 어려웠다. FRAP assay에서 각 추출물의 활성은 가지 추출물이 31.48±1.88 AA eq ppm, 껍질 추출물이 50.35±0.63 AA eq ppm, 열매 추출물이 10.73±0.88 AA eq ppm이었다. 세 추출물 모두 상승효과는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 통해 마가목의 각 부위가 가지고 있는 항산화 효과를 더욱 자세히 규명하였고, 마가목 추출물과 수용성 키토산 간에 항산화 활성의 상승효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 각 실험의 항산화 실험 상승효과 양상이 다르게 나타난 점에 대해서는, 상승효과가 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 외에도 다른 항산화 물질들의 복합적인 작용에 기인하기 때문이라고 추측된다. 본 연구의 결과로 마가목의 천연 항산화 물질로서 가치를 확인하였으며, 꾸준한 추후 연구를 통해 마가목이 다양한 분야로 활용 가능할 것이라 판단된다. In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with the extracts obtained from different parts of Sorbus commixta Hedl.. This study determined DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and FRAP assay of three kinds of WSC (water-soluble chitosan)s added with extracts of Sorbus commixta Hedl.`s twig, cortex and fruit. Among the extracts from Sorbus commixta Hedl., fruit extracts showed the lowest antioxidant activity. But fruit extracts showed the most distinct synergy effect with WSC (water-soluble chitosan) at DPPH. Cortex extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity and it also showed synergy effect at DPPH and reducing power. Twig extracts showed very weak synergy effect with WSC (water-soluble chitosan) at reducing power.

Zero-valent Iron Enhances Acetate and Butyrate Production from Carbon Monoxide by Fonticella tunisiensis HN43

임현성,공다슬,Chae Ho Im,김창만,송영은,오상은,김중래 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.5

The use of carbon monoxide (CO) as a valuable feedstock for producing various platform chemicals through biorefinery processes has attracted considerable research interest. Acetate is an intermediate chemical synthesized from CO and CO2 through acetogenesis via the Wood– Ljungdahl pathway. Acetate can further serve as a substrate for chain elongation into a higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) when sufficient reducing power is provided. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is used widely as a reducing agent in environmental remediation applications. This study established that the externally provided reducing power from ZVI oxidation increased the acetate production (approximately 13 times) from CO and the further synthesis of VFA. The effect of ZVI on CO/CO2 conversion was evaluated by quantifying the formation of acetate and butyrate. The carbon and electron balance provide information on the mechanism of C1 gas conversion and chain elongation. These findings highlight a useful intermediate production under the reducing power-limited bioprocesses, such as C1 gas bioconversion.

Correlation Test by Reduced-Spread of Fuzzy Variance

Kang, Man-Ki The Korean Statistical Society 2012 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.19 No.1

We propose some properties for a fuzzy correlation test by reduced-spread fuzzy variance for sample fuzzy data. First, we define the condition of fuzzy data for repeatedly observed data or that which includes error term data. By using the average of spreads for fuzzy numbers, we reduce the spread of fuzzy variance and define the agreement index for the degree of acceptance and rejection. Given a non-normal random fuzzy sample, we have bivariate normal distribution by apply Box-Cox power fuzzy transformation and test the fuzzy correlation for independence between the variables provided by the agreement index.

REDUCED PROPERTY OVER IDEMPOTENTS

Kwak, Tai Keun,Lee, Yang,Seo, Young Joo The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2021 한국수학논문집 Vol.29 No.3

This article concerns the property that for any element a in a ring, if a²ⁿ = aⁿ for some n ≥ 2 then a² = a. The class of rings with this property is large, but there also exist many kinds of rings without that, for example, rings of characteristic ≠2 and finite fields of characteristic ≥ 3. Rings with such a property is called reduced-over-idempotent. The study of reduced-over-idempotent rings is based on the fact that the characteristic is 2 and every nonzero non-identity element generates an infinite multiplicative semigroup without identity. It is proved that the reduced-over-idempotent property pass to polynomial rings, and we provide power series rings with a partial affirmative argument. It is also proved that every finitely generated subring of a locally finite reduced-over-idempotent ring is isomorphic to a finite direct product of copies of the prime field {0, 1}. A method to construct reduced-over-idempotent fields is also provided.