Generation of Structural MR Images from Amyloid PET: Application to MR-Less Quantification

Choi, Hongyoon,Lee, Dong Soo Society of Nuclear Medicine 2018 The Journal of nuclear medicine Vol.59 No.7

<P>Structural MR images concomitantly acquired with PET images can provide crucial anatomic information for precise quantitative analysis. However, in the clinical setting, not all the subjects have corresponding MR images. Here, we developed a model to generate structural MR images from amyloid PET using deep generative networks. We applied our model to quantification of cortical amyloid load without structural MR. <B>Methods:</B> We used florbetapir PET and structural MR data from the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. The generative network was trained to generate realistic structural MR images from florbetapir PET images. After the training, the model was applied to the quantification of cortical amyloid load. PET images were spatially normalized to the template space using the generated MR, and then SUV ratio (SUVR) of the target regions was measured by predefined regions of interest. A real MR-based quantification was used as the gold standard to measure the accuracy of our approach. Other MR-less methods—a normal PET template–based, a multiatlas PET template–based, and a PET segmentation–based normalization/quantification—were also tested. We compared the performance of quantification methods using generated MR with that of MR-based and MR-less quantification methods. <B>Results:</B> Generated MR images from florbetapir PET showed signal patterns that were visually similar to the real MR. The structural similarity index between real and generated MR was 0.91 ± 0.04. The mean absolute error of SUVR of cortical composite regions estimated by the generated MR-based method was 0.04 ± 0.03, which was significantly smaller than other MR-less methods (0.29 ± 0.12 for the normal PET template, 0.12 ± 0.07 for the multiatlas PET template, and 0.08 ± 0.06 for the PET segmentation–based methods). Bland–Altman plots revealed that the generated MR-based SUVR quantification was the closest to the SUVRs estimated by the real MR-based method. <B>Conclusion:</B> Structural MR images were successfully generated from amyloid PET images using deep generative networks. Generated MR images could be used as templates for accurate and precise amyloid quantification. This generative method might be used to generate multimodal images of various organs for further quantitative analyses.</P>

Sensitive multiplex RNA quantification using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism

Shin, Gi Won,Hwang, Hee Sung,Nam, Hong Gil,Oh, Mi-Hwa,Jung, Gyoo Yeol Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Biotechnology and Bioengineering Vol.106 No.1

<P>Quantification of RNA provides information crucial for various biological studies, including analysis of mRNA expression and that of microRNAs. Reverse transcription (RT) coupled with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is known to be the most accurate method for quantifying nucleic acids, and thus represents the state-of-the-art for RNA quantification. However, the use of real-time PCR for RNA quantification is limited to a single target per analytical run because of reductions in quantification power and limitations of fluorescence dyes associated with multiplex applications. Here, we report a novel multiplex RNA quantification method that uses capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) coupled with modified RT and asymmetric PCR. The reverse transcripts of seven in vitro transcribed RNAs were modified with common sequence tags and amplified by asymmetric PCR using primers specific to the common tags. The resulting amplicons were separated and quantified by CE-SSCP. A series of experiments using different amounts of RNA demonstrated that the assay had a limit of detection of 2 amol and a dynamic range of ∼10<SUP>5</SUP>. These results clearly indicate the potential of this method to provide robust and precise multiplex RNA quantification. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 167–172. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

정도성 형용사 반의어 공기 구문의 양화에 대하여

이동혁 ( Lee Dong-hyeok ) 민족어문학회 2021 어문논집 Vol.- No.92

이 글은 한 문장 안에서 공기하는 정도성 형용사 반의어 구문의 양화 의미를 해석하는 것이 목적이다. 정도성 형용사는 개체를 나타내는 명사나 사건을 나타내는 동사와 달리 유계성이 없어서 정도성 형용사의 양화 의미를 해석할 수가 없다. 그러나 정도성 형용사가 반의어 쌍을 이루고 이 반의어 쌍이 한 문장에서 공기하며, ‘-건’, ‘-거나’, ‘-든’ 등의 연결어미가 각 반의어 뒤에 반복적으로 결합한 환경에서는 정도 반의관계에서 상보 반의관계로 변이한다. 이로써 정도성 형용사는 한계 형용사가 되어 유계성을 획득하게 되고, 정도성 형용사 반의어 공기 구문의 양화를 해석할 수 있는 자격을 갖추게 된다. 정도성 형용사 반의어 공기 구문의 분포는 ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-다’와 ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 하다’로 나눌 수 있다. 이를 양화의 삼부 구조에 대입하여 정도성 형용사 공기 구문의 양화 의미를 해석할 수 있다. ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-다’의 경우, 제약부는 X와 Y를 구성요소로 하는 상태의 전체 집합이고, 작용역은 ‘-CO1 -CO2’의 의미가 담당할 뿐만 아니라 ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2’와 ‘Z-다’ 간의 관계가 순서대로 담당한다. 그리고 ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 하다’의 경우에는 제약부는 ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-다’와 같고, 작용역은 ‘-CO1 -CO2’의 의미만 담당한다. 그 결과, ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-다’의 정도성 형용사 반의어 공기 구문은 전칭 양화로 해석되고, ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 하다’의 정도성 형용사 반의어 공기 구문은 반칭 양화로 해석된다. The purpose of this article is to interpret the quantification meaning of the construction of gradable adjective antonym (CGAA) that co-occurs in one sentence. Unlike nouns that represent objects or unlike verbs that represent events, gradable adjectives have no boundedness, so the meaning of gradable adjectives cannot be interpreted positively. However, the relation between antonyms changes from a gradable antonymy to a complementary antonymy in which gradable adjectives form an antonym pairs and these antonym pairs co-occurs in one sentence, and the connective ending such as ‘-geon’, ‘-geona’ and ‘-deun’ is repeatedly combined after each antonym. As a result, the gradable adjective becomes a marginal adjective and acquires boundedness, and is qualified to interpret the quantification of the CGAA. The distribution of the CGAA can be divided into ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-da’ and This can be substituted into the three-part structure of the quantification to interpret the quantification meaning of the CGAA. In the case of ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-da’, the restrictor is a complete set of states with X and Y as a component, and the nuclear scope is not only responsible for the meaning of ‘-CO1 -CO2’, but also the relationship between ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2’ and ‘Z-da’ in order. In the case of ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 hada’, the restrictor is the same as ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-da’, and the nuclear scope is only responsible for the meaning of ‘-CO1 -CO2’. As a result, the CGAA in ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 Z-da’ is interpreted as the universal quantification, and the CGAA in ‘X-CO1 Y-CO2 hada’ is interpreted as the half quantification.

Development and Evaluation of Simultaneous Quantification of Naringin, Prunin, Naringenin, and Limonin in Citrus Juice

Hui Ni,Su Fang Zhang,Qiu Feng Gao,Yang Hu,Ze Dong Jiang,Feng Chen 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.4

Quantification of limonin, naringin, prunin, and naringenin is an important approach for monitoring of debittering processes of citrus products. Naringin and limonin have different polarity and solubility values, causing difficulty in simultaneous extraction and quantification. A procedure combining HPLC and solid-phase extraction was developed to simultaneously quantify these analytes in citrus juice. Analytes exhibited calibration curves of good linearity along with low limit of detection and limit of quantification values. Naringin, prunin, naringenin, and limonin exhibited respective recovery values of 92.2-100.6, 92.0-97.3, 98.1-102.2, and 102.4-103.9%, respectively. Relative standard deviations were lower than 5%. For analysis of naringin, prunin, naringenin, and limonin in citrus juices, the simultaneous method displayed analytical results identical to traditional respective quantification methods. The simultaneous method is highly effective for monitoring naringin, prunin, naringenin, and limonin levels in citrus juice.

Quantité et quantification dans le cas du français : une analyse logique

앙뚜안블레,노희진 프랑스학회 2016 프랑스학연구 Vol.76 No.-

L’emploi de la quantification dans une langue permet avant tout l’expression d’une quantité plus ou moins déterminée de quelque chose. Nous proposons dans cet article une analyse logique de la quantification classique en l’expliquant notamment plus explicitement par les nombres. La justification de l’aspect logique de notre analyse s’explique par le fait que depuis Aristote on dispose en logique d’une description claire de la quantification. Toutefois, notre travail cherchera à placer l’analyse sur le plan linguistique et non pas seulement logique. Nous préciserons pour cela les différences entre le plan logique et le plan linguistique en ce qui concerne la manière d’aborder la quantification. Nous proposerons alors une présentation différente des quantifications universelle, particulière et singulière, mais aussi une description de base des énoncés comparatifs.

Quantite et quantification dans le cas du francais : une analyse logique

Antoine BLAIS,Heejin RO 프랑스학회 2016 프랑스학연구 Vol.76 No.-

L’emploi de la quantification dans une langue permet avant tout l’expression d’une quantite plus ou moins determinee de quelque chose. Nous proposons dans cet article une analyse logique de la quantification classique en l’expliquant notamment plus explicitement par les nombres. La justification de l’aspect logique de notre analyse s’explique par le fait que depuis Aristote on dispose en logique d’une description claire de la quantification. Toutefois, notre travail cherchera &agrave; placer l’analyse sur le plan linguistique et non pas seulement logique. Nous preciserons pour cela les differences entre le plan logique et le plan linguistique en ce qui concerne la maniere d’aborder la quantification. Nous proposerons alors une presentation differente des quantifications universelle, particuliere et singuliere, mais aussi une description de base des enonces comparatifs.

Development of a rapid method to quantify <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium using a combination of MPN with qPCR and a shortened time incubation

Kim, Sun Ae,Park, Si Hong,Lee, Sang In,Ricke, Steven C. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2017 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel method was developed for the specific quantification of <I>S</I>. Typhimurium using a most-probable-number (MPN) combined with qPCR and a shortened incubation time (MPN-qPCR-SIT). For <I>S</I>. Typhimurium enumeration, dilutions of samples were transferred into three wells on a microtiter plate and the plate was incubated for 4 h. The <I>S</I>. Typhimurium presence in the wells was identified using a qPCR and populations were determined based on an MPN calculation. The R<SUP>2</SUP> between the MPN-qPCR-SIT and conventional MPN exhibited a high level of correlation (0.9335–0.9752), suggesting that the MPN-qPCR-SIT offers a reliable alternative method for <I>S</I>. Typhimurium quantification. Although plating and qPCR were limited in their ability to detect low levels of <I>S</I>. Typhimurium (e.g. 0.18 log MPN/ml), these levels could be successfully detected with the MPN-qPCR-SIT. Chicken breast samples inoculated with <I>S</I>. Typhimurium were incubated at 0, 4, and 24 h and incubated samples were subjected to microbiome analysis. Levels of <I>Salmonella</I> and Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly with incubation time. The obvious benefits of the MPN-qPCR-SIT are: 1) a further confirmation step is not required, 2) the detection limit is as low as conventional MPN, but 3) is more rapid, requiring approximately 7 h to simultaneously complete quantification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> It is essential to develop more rapid and reliable quantification methods for <I>Salmonella.</I> </LI> <LI> We have developed a new quantification method for <I>S.</I> Typhimurium. </LI> <LI> The developed method demonstrated high accuracy and selectivity with a lower detection limit than the previous methods. </LI> <LI> This current method can be utilized to quantify <I>S.</I> Typhimurium by significantly reducing both time and labor. </LI> <LI> It may be particularly useful for the food industry and related applications where quantification is important. </LI> </UL> </P>

Interindividual reproducibility of glutamate quantification using 1.5-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Jang, Dong-Pyo,Lee, Jong-Min,Lee, Eun,Park, Sangjin,Kim, Jae-Jin,Namkoong, Kee,Yoon, Kang-Jun,Kim, In-Young,Kim, Sun I. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol.53 No.3

<P>The goal of this study was to measure the interindividual reproducibility of glutamate quantification in 1.5-T <SUP>1</SUP>H MRS of human brains. To determine the effective echo time (TE) for glutamate quantification, spectra from a phantom and 12 participants were obtained with TE = 30, 35, 40, and 144 ms (repetition time (TR) = 2000 ms and volume of interest = 4 cm<SUP>3</SUP>). The average Cramér–Rao lower bounds for glutamate quantification using LCModel was lowest in two experiments when TE = 40 ms.</P><P>Twenty-one subjects participated in experiments that measured interindividual reproducibility of glutamate quantification. Spectra were acquired with TR = 6000 ms and TE = 40 ms. Results showed that the coefficients of variance were 11.0 and 13.1% in the anterior cingulate cortex and insula, respectively. This suggests that glutamate can be reproducibly measured from 1.5-T <SUP>1</SUP>H MRS with long TR, effective TE, and the LCModel. Magn Reson Med 53:708–712, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Linear correlation of aliphatic diamines to response factors by number of carbons in GC-MS

Yi, D.H.,Sathiyanarayanan, G.,Seo, H.M.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, H.J.,Kim, Y.G.,Jang, K.S.,Lee, Y.K.,Park, K.,Yang, Y.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.30 No.-

Diamines are widely used as building blocks for the chemical synthesis of bio-based polymers such as polyamides, polyimides, and polyurea. However, the detection and quantification of diamines are still being as difficult tasks due to their high toxicity and polarity and other hazardous standards are needed to obtain the calibration curve for the diamine quantification. Hence, we have established a simple method for the analysis of aliphatic diamines using GC-MS based on the linear correlations between carbon number, retention time and response factors of diamines. The aliphatic diamines were derivatized with ethylchloroformate (ECF) by applying total ion current (TIC) and single ion monitoring (SIM) at the m/z of 102. The linear correlation of the aliphatic diamines to the retention time (RT) (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.9949) and response factor (RF) (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.9538) was determined by using carbon numbers from C3 to C12, via experimentation. The finding of linear correlations between aliphatic diamines are more advantageous and requires less authentic samples of using or calibrating of each diamine sample of the quantification and identification. The established method was successfully employed on a bacterium Shewanella oneidensis which is known to produce potential precursors of the biopolymer synthesis and assessed by, based on the predicted retention time and response factor of 1,4-diaminobutane for the quantification of secreted putrescine and cadaverine. By applying one or two diamines, the retention time, peak area and response factors can easily be expected depending on the concentration and this approach could be applied for the quantification of aliphatic diamines in various industrial sectors.

일부 의료서비스업 VDT작업자의 상지 근골격계 증상의 정도와 관련된 요인

김형렬,원종욱,송재석,김현수,김치년,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 상지 근골격계 질환의 유병율이 높은 집단으로 알려진 VDT작업자를 대상으로 이들의 근골격계 통증을 정량화하고, 정량화된 통증점수를 종속변수로 하여, 이와 관련성을 갖는 작업요인, 사회심리적 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울지역에 위치한 1500병상 규모의 대학병원에 근무하고 단말기 작업을 주로 수행한다고 알려진 부서에 대해 병원내 안전관리과와 협의를 거쳐 163명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 이중 138명이 설문에 참가하였고, 이들을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 설문지를 가지고 연구변수를 측정하여, 나이, 근무연수, 가사노동의 정도 등의 인구학적 변수와 직무스트레스 및 사회적지지, 근골격계 증상, 통증의 양상 등을 조사하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성 및 작업특성, 통증의 양상을 성별에 따라 파악하였고, 통증점수의 타당성을 검정하기 위해, 통증점수의 구성요소와 통증점수를 시각적 상사척도와 상관성 검정을 시행하였다. 통증점수를 종속변수로 하고 직무요구도, 직무재량도, 동료의지지, 상사의지지, 여러작업환경특성, 인구학적 특징 등을 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 첫째 통증의 정량화를 위해 사용한 통증평정지수는 시각적 상사척도와의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타나, 어느 정도의 타당성을 지닌 방법으로 해석할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 통증 점수를 종속변수로 하여, 관련요인 분석한 다중회귀분석에서 직무요구도가 높을수록 통증의 정도가 높고(p<0.01), 여성일수록 남성에 비해 높은 통증점수를 보였다(p<0.01). 결론: 근골격계 질환의 높은 유병율을 보이는 집단의 경우, 이들의 증상 유무만을 가지고 관련요인을 분석하는 방법을 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서 이런 경우, 통증을 정량화하여, 다양한 관련요인을 찾으려는 노력이 필요하며, 본 연구에서 사용한 통증평정지수는 타당성을 지닌 정량화 방법이라고 여겨진다. 또한 본 연구에서는 직무요구도가 높을수록, 여성일수록 높은 통증점수를 보였다. Objectives: This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals. Methods: The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program. Results: First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level. Conclusions: These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.