Operation of bio-aviation fuel manufacturing facility via hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids process and optimization of fuel property for turbine engine test

한기보,장정희,안민회,서영웅,최민기,박노국,이미은,김재곤,정병훈 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.6

Bio-aviation fuel to satisfy ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specification was prepared through the stable operation of bio-aviation fuel manufacturing facility scale-expanded up to the production of bio-aviation fuel for turbine engine test. First, powder-typed 1.0 wt% Pt/Al2O3 and 0.5wt% Pt/zeolite catalysts, respectively applicable to the hydrotreating and upgrading processes, were prepared and then their performance was evaluated in laboratory scale reactor. Thereafter, pellet-shaped 1.0 wt% Pt/Al2O3 and 0.5 wt% Pt/zeolite catalysts were prepared and applied to a bench-scale hydrotreating process and an upgrading process reactor, applied in the catalytic processes to prepare bio-aviation fuel. At this time, reaction characteristics under various operating conditions were investigated along with their catalytic performance evaluation. Stable long-term operation based on optimal reaction conditions, obtained in bench-scale reactor was performed using the hydrotreating process and the upgrading process reactors in a pilot-scale bio-aviation fuel manufacturing facility to continuously operate during a long time under optimal reaction conditions controlled, and then synthetic bio-crude oil including bio-aviation fuel composition was prepared. Through the separation and purification process that can selectively obtain bio-aviation fuel components, bio-aviation fuel conforming to ASTM specification standards was produced from the synthetic bio-crude oil obtained through combined hydrotreating-upgrading process.

작전적 수준과 작전술

김정익 ( Jung Ik Kim ) 미래군사학회 2015 한국군사학논총 Vol.4 No.1

The application of the theory of the level of war depends on mostly the size of the area with which one nation``s military concerns. It cannot be applied indiscriminately. In Big countries like the United State, the Joint Chiefs of Staffs is strategic level while theaters and areas are operational level. On the other hand, middle and small country like Republic of Korea, the Joint Chiefs of Staffs is strategic level as well as operational level at the same time in the sense that the war plan for the Korean Peninsula has to be made at this level. Because of this complication, a thorough consideration is needed in applying miliary theory. Operational art is a skill that the commanders and staffs of the operational level echelon use to develop a campaign plan. Operational Design is a tool of the operational art the result of which is an Operational approach. Operational approach is the conceptual basis for structuring campaigns and operations. This conceptual basis becomes a campaign plan through the Joint operation planning process(JOPP). JOPP is a tool to develop a campaign plan and its encompass operational design and approach and other procedures in its process.

Pre-processing of load data of agricultural tractors during major field operations

Myong-Jin Ryu,Md. Shaha Nur Kabir,Youn-Kug Choo,Sun-Ok Chung,Yong-Joo Kim,Jong-Kyou Ha,Kyeong-Hwan Lee 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.1

Development of highly efficient and energy-saving tractors has been one of the issues in agricultural machinery. For design of such tractors, measurement and analysis of load on major power transmission parts of the tractors are the most important pre-requisite tasks. Objective of this study was to perform pre-processing procedures before effective analysis of load data of agricultural tractors (30, 75, and 82 kW) during major field operations such as plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, bale wrapping, and to select the suitable pre-processing method for the analysis. A load measurement systems, equipped in the tractors, were consisted of strain-gauge, encoder, hydraulic pressure, and radar speed sensors to measure torque and rotational speed levels of transmission input shaft, PTO shaft, and driving axle shafts, pressure of the hydraulic inlet line, and travel speed, respectively. The entire sensor data were collected at a 200-Hz rate. Plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, wrapping, and loader operations were selected as major field operations of agricultural tractors. Same or different farm works and driving levels were set differently for each of the load measuring experiment. Before load data analysis, pre-processing procedures such as outlier removal, low-pass filtering, and data division were performed. Data beyond the scope of the measuring range of the sensors and the operating range of the power transmission parts were removed. Considering engine and PTO rotational speeds, frequency components greater than 90, 60, and 60 Hz cut off frequencies were low-pass filtered for plow tillage, rotary tillage, and baler operations, respectively. Measured load data were divided into five parts: driving, working, implement up, implement down, and turning. Results of the study would provide useful information for load characteristics of tractors on major field operations.

Pre-processing of load data of agricultural tractors during major field operations

Ryu, Myong-Jin,Kabir, Md. Shaha Nur,Choo, Youn-Kug,Chung, Sun-Ok,Kim, Yong-Joo,Ha, Jong-Kyou,Lee, Kyeong-Hwan Institute of Agricultural Science 2015 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.42 No.1

Development of highly efficient and energy-saving tractors has been one of the issues in agricultural machinery. For design of such tractors, measurement and analysis of load on major power transmission parts of the tractors are the most important pre-requisite tasks. Objective of this study was to perform pre-processing procedures before effective analysis of load data of agricultural tractors (30, 75, and 82 kW) during major field operations such as plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, bale wrapping, and to select the suitable pre-processing method for the analysis. A load measurement systems, equipped in the tractors, were consisted of strain-gauge, encoder, hydraulic pressure, and radar speed sensors to measure torque and rotational speed levels of transmission input shaft, PTO shaft, and driving axle shafts, pressure of the hydraulic inlet line, and travel speed, respectively. The entire sensor data were collected at a 200-Hz rate. Plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, wrapping, and loader operations were selected as major field operations of agricultural tractors. Same or different farm works and driving levels were set differently for each of the load measuring experiment. Before load data analysis, pre-processing procedures such as outlier removal, low-pass filtering, and data division were performed. Data beyond the scope of the measuring range of the sensors and the operating range of the power transmission parts were removed. Considering engine and PTO rotational speeds, frequency components greater than 90, 60, and 60 Hz cut off frequencies were low-pass filtered for plow tillage, rotary tillage, and baler operations, respectively. Measured load data were divided into five parts: driving, working, implement up, implement down, and turning. Results of the study would provide useful information for load characteristics of tractors on major field operations.

On dual processes of non-symmetric diffusions with measure-valued drifts

Kim, P.,Song, R. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2008 Stochastic processes and their applications Vol.118 No.5

For μ=(μ<SUP>1</SUP>,...,μ<SUP>d</SUP>) with each μ<SUP>i</SUP> being a signed measure on R<SUP>d</SUP> belonging to the Kato class K<SUB>d,1</SUB>, a diffusion with drift μ is a diffusion process in R<SUP>d</SUP> whose generator can be formally written as L+μ@?@? where L is a uniformly elliptic differential operator. When each μ<SUP>i</SUP> is given by U<SUP>i</SUP>(x)dx for some function U<SUP>i</SUP>, a diffusion with drift μ is a diffusion in R<SUP>d</SUP> with generator L+U@?@?. In [P. Kim, R. Song, Two-sided estimates on the density of Brownian motion with singular drift, Illinois J. Math. 50 (2006) 635-688; P. Kim, R. Song, Boundary Harnack principle for Brownian motions with measure-valued drifts in bounded Lipschitz domains, Math. Ann., 339 (1) (2007) 135-174], we have already studied properties of diffusions with measure-valued drifts in bounded domains. In this paper we first show that the killed diffusion process with measure-valued drift in any bounded domain has a dual process with respect to a certain reference measure. We then discuss the potential theory of the dual process and Schrodinger-type operators of a diffusion with measure-valued drift. More precisely, we prove that (1) for any bounded domain, a scale invariant Harnack inequality is true for the dual process; (2) if the domain is bounded C<SUP>1,1</SUP>, the boundary Harnack principle for the dual process is valid and the (minimal) Martin boundary for the dual process can be identified with the Euclidean boundary; and (3) the harmonic measure for the dual process is locally comparable to that of the h-conditioned Brownian motion with h being an eigenfunction corresponding to the largest Dirichlet eigenvalue in the domain. The Schrodinger operator that we consider can be formally written as L+μ@?@?+ν where L is uniformly elliptic, μ is a vector-valued signed measure on R<SUP>d</SUP> and ν is a signed measure in R<SUP>d</SUP>. We show that, for a bounded Lipschitz domain and under the gaugeability assumption, the (minimal) Martin boundary for the Schrodinger operator obtained from the diffusion with measure-valued drift can be identified with the Euclidean boundary.

십진수 기반의 암호화 연산 프로토콜을 이용한 프라이버시 보호형 kNN 질의처리 알고리즘

송영호,김형진,장재우 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2023 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.5

With the development of cloud computing, interest in database outsourcing has recently increased. However, when the database is outsourced, there is a problem in that the information of the data owner is exposed to internal and external attackers. Therefore, in this paper, we propose decimal-based encryption operation protocols that support privacy preservation. The proposed protocols improve operational efficiency compared to binary-based encryption operation protocols by eliminating the need for repetitive operations based on bit length. In addition, we propose a privacy-preserving kNN query processing algorithm using decimal-based encryption operation protocols. The proposed kNN query processing algorithm provides high query processing performance by utilizing efficient decimal-based protocols which enhance the efficiency of the encryption operations. Meanwhile, the security analysis of the proposed algorithm is performed to prove its data protection, query protection, and access pattern protection. Through our performance analysis, the proposed kNN query processing algorithm shows about 5 times better query processing performance, compared with the existing algorithms.

정보 매개 융합 환경에서 중소제조기업의 선택적 디자인 프로세스 효용에 대한 연구

정태연,박경진 한국전시산업융합연구원 2019 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.37 No.4

Generally, every step in the perceived design development process reflects sequential nature. However, at the present time, the information encountered in the market environment and the management environment of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies is increasing in volume and converging into various types of media. In the process of responding to the quantitative increase of information in the present form, mediation convergence was added, and the design development information of SMEs became more advanced. In addition to simple inflation of information, the addition of diversification of paths has created a reaction to the difficulty of strategic judgment for SMEs. The operational limits of the process, which reflects each of the conventional methods, have emerged. Based on this problem consciousness, this study proposes a method to integrate and reduce the necessary processes selectively by introducing the convergent and complex concept of the existing design development process. To this end, the basic research aims to simplify the development factors so that they can be applied to each product line based on the classification criteria considering the product's production characteristics. To this end, in the introduction, we reviewed the existing SME design management environment and researched preliminary studies and open cases based on the problem awareness. Based on this, the conclusion of the study is drawn through the process of investigating and analyzing how the existing design development process can be selectively operated when applying the product characteristics of SMEs and demonstrating the utility of the development process that is reduced accordingly. As a result, it was confirmed that the efficiency of the process could be reduced by converging the necessary processes in the environment that cannot accommodate all the existing processes. Based on this, we expect to reduce costs, select and concentrate by operating design development process effectively and efficiently based on product characteristics of SMEs. 일반적으로 인식되는 디자인 개발 프로세스의 모든 단계는 시퀀셜한 특성이 반영된 것이다. 그러나 현 시 점, 시장 환경, 중소제조기업의 경영 환경에서 접하는 정보는 양적 증가와 함께 다양한 유형의 매개로의 융 합 현상이 심화되고 있다. 정보의 양적 증가에 현재진 행형으로 대응하는 과정에서 매개 융합 현상이 더해 지면서 중소제조기업의 디자인 개발 정보는 더욱 고 도화 되었다. 정보의 단순 인플레이션에서 나아가 경 로의 다변화가 더해지는 것은 중소제조기업의 입장에 서 전략적 판단에 어려움으로 작용하게 되는 반작용 을 일으켰다. 기존 방법인 각각의 시퀀스를 모두 반영 하는 프로세스의 운영 한계가 나타나게 되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 기존의 디 자인 개발 프로세스의 융·복합적 개념을 도입하여 선 택적으로 필요한 프로세스를 통합 축소하여 운영하는 방법을 제안하기 위해 시작되었다. 이를 위해 제품의 생산 특성을 고려한 분류 기준에 의해 각각의 제품군 에서 응용할 수 있도록 개발 요인을 간명하게 하는 것을 기본 연구 골자로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 서론에 서 기존의 중소기업 디자인 경영 환경을 알아보고 이 에 대한 문제의식을 바탕으로 사전 연구 및 개안 사 례를 조사하였다. 본론에서 이를 바탕으로 기존의 디 자인 개발 프로세스를 중소기업의 제품 특성을 적용 할 경우 어떻게 선택적으로 운영될 수 있는지를 조사 및 분석하고 이에 따라 축소되는 개발 프로세스의 효용을 실증하는 과정을 통해 연구의 결론을 도출하였 다. 연구 결과 기존의 프로세스를 모두 수용할 수 없 는 환경에서 필요한 프로세스 중심으로 융합하여 축 소 운영할 경우 효율성 측면에서의 장점이 확인되었 다. 이를 바탕으로 중소기업의 제품 특성을 바탕으로 실효성 있으며 효율적으로 디자인 개발 프로세스를 운영하여 비용 절감, 선택과 집중을 기대한다.

국내하추처리시설 설계인자 대비 운영현황 비교 분석

김진식 ( Jin Sik Kim ),민상윤 ( Sang Yun Min ),이승필 ( Seung Pil Lee ),박종운 ( Jong Un Park ),김만수 ( Man Soo Kim ) 한국수처리학회 2013 한국수처리학회지 Vol.21 No.1

For waste water processing facilities distributed throughout Korea, design F/M ratio, actual operation F/M ratio, design SRT and actual SRT by processing capacity and processing method were compared to review a design application parameter and to draw an operation parameter value right for the environment in Korea. For design F/M ratio by processing capacity and SRT, 0.1~0.3kg BOD/kg MLSS·day and 10~30 day were applied regardless of capacity, but operation F/M ratio of actual waste water processing facility was 0.1 ~0.16kg BOD/kg MLSS·day, and average SRT was in the range of 15~25 days. And, in the case of design F/M ratio by a processing method, SBR system was being designed and operated lower than media or active sludge method. It is estimated that as SBR method is operated in extended aeration, which is operated by high LMSS, unlike the other method. When design and actual SRT are compared, in the case of media and active sludge type, wide range of 9.4~24.6 days was applied in design, but facilities were actually operated in 14~19 days. And, in the case of SBR system, while design SRT was long as 25.1~40.0days, operation SRT in SBR method in Korea was in average 32.1 days. Therefore, it is considered that this study can be used as an operation index of waste water operation facility based on the common operation standard of engineering methods applied in Korea, and as main operation parameter in development of logic to stabilize the process.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TO AID COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES OF OPERATORS

Lee, Seung-Jun,Seong, Poong-Hyun Korean Nuclear Society 2007 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.39 No.6

As digital and computer technologies have grown, human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have evolved. In safety-critical systems, especially in nuclear power plants (NPPs), HMIs are important for reducing operational costs, the number of necessary operators, and the probability of accident occurrence. Efforts have been made to improve main control room (MCR) interface design and to develop automated or decision support systems to ensure convenient operation and maintenance. In this paper, an integrated decision support system to aid operator cognitive processes is proposed for advanced MCRs of future NPPs. This work suggests the design concept of a decision support system which accounts for an operator's cognitive processes. The proposed system supports not only a particular task, but also the entire operation process based on a human cognitive process model. In this paper, the operator's operation processes are analyzed according to a human cognitive process model and appropriate support systems that support each cognitive process activity are suggested.

유사 연산과 중복 연산을 고려한 효율적인 복합 이벤트 처리 기법

김대윤(Daeyun Kim),고건식(Geonsik Ko),김병훈(Byounghoon Kim),노연우(Yeonwoo Noh),임종태(Jongtae Lim),복경수(Kyoungsoo Bok),유재수(Jaesoo Yoo) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.17 No.3

최근 다양한 응용에서 실시간으로 발행하는 이벤트들을 신속하고 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 복합 이벤트 처리 시스템을 도입하고 있다. 기존 복합 이벤트 처리 연구는 연산자의 유사성과 중복성을 고려하지 않기 때문에 많은 연산과 많은 메모리를 소비하는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 유사 연산과 중복 연산을 고려한 효율적인 복합 이벤트 처리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 동일한 기본 이벤트들이 유사한 연산을 가지면 그 연산들을 하나의 가상 연산자로 결합한다. 중복된 연산을 가질 경우에는 우선 하나의 연산만을 처리하고 이후에 같은 연산이 나오면 먼저 처리된 연산의 결과를 이용하여 처리한다. 기존 기법과의 성능 비교를 통하여 전체 연산 처리량 측면에서 제안하는 기법의 성능이 우수함을 보인다. Recently, a complex event processing system has been introduced to quickly and efficiently process real-time events in various applications. Since the existing complex event processing schemes do not consider the similarity and duplication of operators, they perform a lot of computations and consume memory. To solve such problems, this paper proposes an efficient complex event processing scheme considering similar operators and duplication operations. When the same primitive events have similar operations, the proposed scheme combines them into one virtual operator. For duplicated operations, the proposed scheme processes only one of them first, and then processes the others using the results of the already processed operation when the same operation is subsequently performed. It is shown through performance comparison that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of the whole operation throughput.