Development of multiplex PCR for species-specific identification of the Poaceae family based on chloroplast gene, rpoC2

문준철,김주희,장철성 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.2

In this study, we report the development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using species-specific primers for the simultaneous detection of Poaceae members, including adlay, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, based on sequence polymorphism in DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta-prime chain genes (rpoC2). Species-specific primer pairs were constructed with a common forward primer and reverse primers differing by sequence polymorphisms and gene location. Each primer pair was designed to PCR-amplify products of five chloroplast genes of 443, 346, 278, 221, and 96 bp for rice, barley, adlay, wheat, and maize, respectively. Multiplex PCR with a series of template DNA concentrations (0.01–10 ng/lL) was used to optimize amplification of fragments from pooled Poaceae. In addition, speciesspecific primers were used to detect components of seven commercial flour-mixed products. This combination of the sensitivity of multiplex PCR with the specificity of primers designed to detect unique species has broad applications in the processed food industry.

DNA 염기서열에 기초한 벼과 잡초의 분자생물학적 동정

이정란,김창석,이인용,오현주,김중현,김선유 한국잔디학회 2015 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.4 No.1

Korean Poaceae includes approximately 80 species of the agricultural weeds. Precise species identification is thefirst step for more effective weed management in the agricultural fields. However, the identification of species in Poaceae is noteasy without the assistance of taxonomists or identification experts although they are relatively easy to distinguish from the plantsof the other family by the unique characteristics of caryopsis. Thus, DNA barcode was suggested as an alternative powerfultechnique for species identification by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcodemarkers of vascular plants, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)region were used for barcode of major Korean Poaceae weeds, 403 individuals of 84 taxa. All the barcode markers revealed a goodlevel of sequencing success with the lowest 73.7% for matK and the highest 88.8% for rbcL. The barcode sequences were depositedto the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use. Combined matK and ITS showed very highresolving power with 92.9%. Besides the identification of weeds for weed managment, the generated DNA barcode data could beused for many other applications such as rapid biodiversity assessment and conservation prioritization 최근에 전 세계적으로 동물, 식물뿐만 아니라 균류, 해조류 등에서 활발하게 이용하는 DNA 바코드는 게놈 DNA의단편을 이용해 종들 간의 DNA 변이를 발견하여 형태적 지식 없이 정확하게 종을 동정하고 분류하는 방법이다. 고등식물에서는 단일마커로 바코드 조건을 충족할 수 없어 엽록체 DNA의 rbcL과 matK 유전자를 표준마커로 이용하고있다. 본 연구는 식물 표준 바코드마커와 핵 DNA의 ITS부위를 이용하여 국내 벼과 식물 252 분류군 중 주로 농경지에서 발생하는 잡초 총 84분류군 403생태형을 바코드하여 데이터베이스를 구축하기 위하여 수행하였다. 바코드결과 PCR 증폭과 염기서열 분석 성공률은 rbcL에서 가장높았으며 matK에서 가장 낮았다. 그러나 바코드 갭과 종식별 해상력은 matK에서 가장 높았다. 80.9%의 염기서열분석 성공률을 보인 ITS는 matK와의 조합에서 92.9% 까지종 식별 해상력을 높일 수 있어 벼과 바코드에 매우 유용한 조합이었다. 벼과의 바코드데이터는 미국의 국립생물공학정보센터에 기탁하여 genbank 번호를 부여받아 공개하였다. 그러므로 형태적으로 동정이 어려운 벼과 잡초를matK와 ITS 부위의 염기서열을 분석하여 미국의 국립생물공학정보센터에 기탁한 데이터와 비교함으로써 쉽고 간편하게 동정할 수 있게 되었다.

한국 미기록 벼과식물: 애기향모(Anthoxanthum glabrum (Trin.) Veldkamp)와 큰개사탕수수(Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.)

정수영,이유미,박수현,양종철,장계선 한국식물분류학회 2011 식물 분류학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Two unrecorded Poaceae species, Anthoxanthum glabrum and Saccharum arundinaceum, are herein newly reported from Korea. Anthoxanthum glabrum (Ae-Gi-Hyang-Mo) was found in Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do. It is distinguished from A. nitens by the length of its spikelet, glume and lemma. Saccharum arundinaceum (Keun-Gae-Sa-Tang-Su-Su) was found in Mapo-gu, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, and Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do. It is distinguished from S. spontaneum by hair on the lower glume and according to the length of the hair on the callus of its spikelet. In this study, a description and illustrations of the species and photos of the habitat are provided. 한국 미기록 벼과(Poaceae Barnhart) 식물인 애기향모(Anthoxanthum glabrum)와 큰개사탕수수(Saccharum arundinaceum)가 확인되었다. 애기향모는 경기도 안산시, 경북 상주시 그리고 전남 화순군에서 확인 되었고, 근연 분류군인 향모(A. nitens)와 비교하여 소수, 포영 및 호영 길이의 특징으로 구별된다. 큰개사탕수수는 서울 강남구, 마포구와 전남 화순군에서 확인 되었고, 근연 분류군인 개사탕수수(S. spontaneum)와 비교하여 제 1 포영 털의 유무와 소수기모의 길이 특징으로 구별된다. 그에 따른 미기록 분류군에 대한 형태적 특징과 도해 및 생태사진을 제시하였다.

한국 미기록 외래식물: 날개카나리새풀(벼과)

류태복,이승은,김덕기,최동희,김남영 한국자원식물학회 2018 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.31 No.1

제주특별자치도 서귀포시 안덕면에서 국내 벼과 미기록 외래식물인 날개카나리새풀(Phalaris paradoxa L.)을 발견하였다. 이 종은 유럽 지중해 원산으로, 전 세계에 분포하고 있다. 한국에 분포하는 동속 식물인 갈풀, 카나리새풀, 애기카나리새풀, 흰줄갈풀에 비해 6개의 불임성 소수가 1개의 임성 소화를 감싸고, 포영상부에 치아상의 날개가 발달하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 국명은 이러한 특징을 바탕으로 날개카나리새풀로 신칭하였고, 이에 대한 기재, 사진 및 검색표를 제시하였다. An unrecorded alien species plant, Phalaris paradoxa L. (Poaceae) was found in Andeok-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju island, Korea. It is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe, and it is currently found worldwide. Phalaris paradoxa is distinguishable from related taxa (P. arundinacea, P. canariensis, P. minor and P. arundinacea var. picta) in Korea by the following combination of characterstics: spikelets in clusters (the upper central fertile spikelet surrounded by six lower sterile spikelets), wing of the keel. This taxon was named ‘Nal-gae-ca-na-ri-sae-pul’ in Korean based on its character. We provide its description, illustrations, photographs and a key of related taxa in Korea. Key words - Phalaris paradoxa, Phalaris, Poaceae, Unrecorded alien plant

A newly naturalized species in Korea, Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. (Poaceae)

Kim, Chang-Seok,Lee, Jeongran,Lee, In-Yong,Han, Young-Woo The National Institute of Biological Resources 2013 Journal of species research Vol.2 No.2

Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. (Poaceae) is native to Central Asia. While monitoring Poaceae weeds nationwide in Korea, we found its new naturalized distribution in Gunsan, Jeonrabuk-do. The species is distinguished from P. alopecuroides var. alopecuroides by subsessile involucres and plumose bristles. We provide the first documented record of P. flaccidum Griseb. for Korea with the description and illustration. We also provide a taxonomic key to the species of Pennisetum in Korea.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 녹화용 벼과식물 종자의 채종시기 및 온도별 발아특성

강희경 ( Hee Kyoung Kang ),이자연 ( Ja Yeon Yi ),조용현 ( Yong Hyeon Cho ),송홍선 ( Hong Seon Song ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2016 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This text was experimented and investigated the optimum production time and germination characteristics of seed that collect in Korean Chungnam, in order to offer the basic informations for slope restoration and revegetation using Poaceae plant. Optimum time of seed production was mid-late October of Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, early November to late October of Themeda triandra var. japonica and M. sacchariflorus, and mid November of Phragmites communis. Epiphytic amount of seed full ripe was the most times in mid October of M. sinensis, P. alopecuroides and M. sacchariflorus, early November of T. triandra var. japonica, and mid November of P. communis. Seed rate of maturity was the highest times in early November of M. sinensis, P. alopecuroides and M. sacchariflorus, and mid November of T. triandra var. japonica and P. communis. Germination rate by seed collection time was the highest times in early October of M. sacchariflorus, mid October of T. triandra var. japonica, early November of M. sinensis and mid November of P. communis. Germination days by seed production time was the shortest times in early November of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, mid November of T. triandra var. japonica and P. communis. Optimum temperature of germination was 20~25°C in M. sinensis and P. alopecuroides, 25°C in T. triandra var. japonica, and 25~30°C in P. communis.

포아풀아과(Pooideae subfamily)의 진화와 육종: 맥류 중심의 고찰

성연준,오희원,강유나,김창수,Sung, Yeon Jun,Oh, Hee Won,Kang, Yuna,Kim, Chang soo 한국작물학회 2021 한국작물학회지 Vol.66 No.3

Grasses (Poaceae) belong to the biggest plant family among angiosperms and it cover around 20% of the earth's surface. The members of this family are mostly utilized as food resources by humans and animals but they are also valuable in terms of evolution and ecology. The member of the subfamily Pooideae represents, temperate grasses, and includes a number of economically important crops and belongs to the clade BOP (including the subfamilies Bambooideae, Oryzeae, and Pooideae). This subfamily is the largest among all grass families. The special features of this subfamily are cold acclimation and vernalization. The members of Pooideae subfamily with the aforementioned special features are thought to have evolved in the Cenozoic era when the temperature on earth started to cool down, which triggered the diversification of this subfamily through adaptation to cold weather. The agricultural origin of wheat, barley, oat, and rye is attributed to fertile crescent and thereafter they were domesticated through Neolithic evolution. The history of domestication of each Pooideae crop is distinct and is based on their purpose. Recently, breeding of these crops is performed differently due to the development of new technologies such as genomics and genome editing. This review article summarizes the evolutionary history of the members of the subfamily Pooideae and use of pre-existing information for future breeding efforts.

First records of Paspalum notatum Flüggé and P. urvillei Steud. (Poaceae) in Korea

Lee, Jeongran,Kim, Chang-Seok,Lee, In-Yong,Han, Young-Woo The National Institute of Biological Resources 2013 Journal of species research Vol.2 No.1

While collecting Poaceae weeds at Jeju-do, we found two unrecorded species of the Paspalum, P. notatum Fl$\ddot{u}$gg$\acute{e}$ and P. urvillei Steud. We provide the descriptions and illustrations of both species. Key to the newly recorded species and related taxa of Korean Paspalum is also presented.

Ultrastructural Aspects of Leaves in Festuca ovina and Poa sphondylodes (C-3 Poaceae)

Kim, In Sun,Pak, Jae Hong,Seo, Bong Bo,Song, Seung Dal 한국식물학회 1998 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.41 No.3

Structural aspects of the leaves of two common festucoids, Festuca ovina and Poa sphondylodes, have been examined employing the electron microscopy . The nature of vascular bundles and of sheaths that surround vascular tissues was discussed in the study. The festucoids exhibited a non-Kranz C-3 anatomy with more than four mesophyII cells separating the bundle sheaths of a leaf blade. Vascular tissues in these Festuca and Poa leaves were surrounded by a double sheath: an inner distinct mestome sheath (MST) and an outer indistinctive layer of parenchymatous bundle sheath (PBS) cells. The PBS cells were much larger than the MST and had thin walls. The MST cells were relatively small and rectangular in P. sphondylodes and more or less hexangular in transverse sections of F. ovina. In P. sphondylodes, MST had conspicuously thickened inner tangential walls with asymmetrically uninterrupted suberized lamellae in radial and tangential walls. In most differentiated MST cells, all walls were highly suberized. During suberin deposition, MST cells were quite vacuolated and most of the cytoplasm was present as a thin peripheral layer. However, MST walls in F. ovina revealed very thin suberized lamellae with translucent striations. No chloroplasts were detected in P. sphondylodes, whereas the MST in F. ovina contained small chloroplasts. Plasmodesmata were well developed in the primary pit fields of walls between MST and vascular cells, and between adjacent MST cells. Plasmodesmata were less frequent in the walls between the inner and outer sheath cells. Suberized lamellae were totally absent from the PBS cell walls in all veins. External to the PBS, the mesophyII comprised thin walled cells with abundant intercellular spaces. Peripherally arranged chloroplasts in the mesophyII were numerous and often larger than those of PBS and MST cells. Characteristics associated with C-3 and other ultrastructural features were also discussed in the study.

Three newly recorded plants of South Korea: Muhlenbergia ramosa (Hack. ex Matsum.) Makino, Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

Jung, S.Y.,Park, S.H.,Hwang, H.S.,Chang, K.S.,Nam, G.H.,Cho, Y.H.,Kim, J.H. Korean Biodiversity Information Facility 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.6 No.3

Three new Poaceae species are reported in South Korea. Muhlenbergia ramosa was found in Boryeong-si, Iksan-si, Jangsu-gun and Gwangju. Dichanthelium acuminatum and Rottboellia cochinchinensis were found in Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do and Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do which were thought to be alien species. Genus Dichanthelium and Rottboellia are newly reported in South Korea. Muhlenbergia ramosa was thought to be native to Korea.