맞춤화 정보 환경에서 뉴스 추천 알고리즘에 대한 이용자 이해도와 인식의 중요성 : 관점 일치 뉴스 노출, 뉴스 신뢰, 뉴스 추구 행위와의 관계를 중심으로

이슬기,강신후 한국언론학회 2024 한국언론학보 Vol.68 No.1

The use of news recommendation algorithms is becoming more widespread, raising concerns that their implementation could lead to a “filter bubble”, a biased and closed information environment tailored to individual preferences. Previous literature presents mixed findings about whether or not recommendation algorithms contribute to constructing filter bubbles. While a body of literature has confirmed that an algorithmic environment can encourage attitude polarization and a homogenous information environment, some research has shown contrasting evidence that the algorithmic environment can increase incidental exposure to diverse information or cross-cutting viewpoints. Each body of literature offers valid points about recommendation algorithms and their filter bubble possibilities, however, little work has considered users’ agency in using algorithms, and how individuals’ use of algorithms can result in making differences in the information diversity level. Drawing on the possibility that users’ understanding and perceptions of algorithms can influence the use of algorithms, this study explored whether users’ information environment is distinctively formed by users’ understanding and perceptions of the algorithms. We first examined the relationship between the level of algorithm understanding and three algorithm perceptions that are frequently discussed, namely, convenience, privacy risk, and bias perceptions. Convenience perception is defined as individuals’ belief that the utilization of a recommendation algorithm service would enable users to effortlessly locate the most recent information aligning with their desires and needs, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of their goals. Privacy risk perception concerns users‘ recognition that the recommendation algorithm may compromise personal information during the collection and analysis of users‘ private data. Bias perception pertains to the awareness that the employment of news recommendation algorithms may hinder users’ exposure to a diverse array of social issues, potentially leading to the consumption of information that predominantly emphasizes one-sided perspectives or political viewpoints. We also examined how these algorithm perceptions are respectively associated with the following three predictors of a closed information environment: (1) exposure to attitude-consistent news, (2) news trust (trust in algorithm-recommended news), and (3) news-seeking behavior. The analysis of 1,169 online survey responses revealed that first, individuals with a higher understanding of news recommendation algorithms perceived a greater level of convenience and bias in algorithms, but algorithm understanding had no significant relationship with privacy risk perception. Second, convenience perception had a positive relationship with recommendation algorithm-accepting behavior, and this, in turn, was associated with an increase in exposure to attitude-consistent news. Convenience perception also showed positive relationships with news trust and news-seeking behavior respectively. Meanwhile, privacy risk and bias perceptions - while having no significant relationships with news trust - had negative relationships with attitude-consistent news exposure through a lowered algorithm-accepting behavior. Bias perception showed a positive relationship with news-seeking behavior while privacy risk perception was negatively linked to news-seeking behavior. We confirmed the importance of users’ algorithm understanding and perceptions in achieving information diversity in the customized environment. The findings present meaningful insights into the necessary enhancements of users’ perceptions concerning news recommendation algorithms, and the corresponding corrections needed to foster a more diverse information environment. Implications for algorithm literacy education were also discussed. 뉴스 추천 알고리즘이 보편화됨에 따라 추천 알고리즘의 이용이 이용자의 개별적 선호사항과 관심사에 치우친, 폐쇄적 정보 환경을 초래할 수 있다는 우려가 제기되었다. 본 연구는 이용자의 정보 환경이 알고리즘 맞춤화의 이용 여부에 따라 획일적으로 결정되는 것이 아닌, 알고리즘에 대한 이용자의 이해 정도와 인식에 따라 다르게 형성될 가능성을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 (1) 추천 알고리즘에 대한 인지된 이해도와 알고리즘 인식(편리성, 프라이버시 침해, 편향성)간의 관계를 탐색하고, (2) 알고리즘 인식들과 이용자 정보 환경의 폐쇄성을 예측할 수 있는 세 가지 변인—관점일치 뉴스 노출, 뉴스 신뢰, 뉴스 추구 행위—간의 관계를 분석하였다. 1,169명의 온라인 설문 응답을 분석한 결과, 첫째, 뉴스 추천 알고리즘에 대한 이해도가 높은 개인일수록 편리성과 편향성을 높게 인식하였으나, 프라이버시 침해 인식과는 유의미한 관계가 없었다. 둘째, 편리성 인식은 추천 알고리즘 수용 행위와 정적인 관계를 보였고, 이를 통해 관점 일치 뉴스에 대한 우연적 노출에 정적 관계를 보였다. 또한 편리성 인식은 알고리즘 추천 뉴스를 신뢰하고, 뉴스를 능동적으로 추구하는 행위와도 정적인 관계를 보였다. 한편 프라이버시 침해 인식과 편향성 인식은 알고리즘 추천 뉴스 신뢰와는 유의미한 관계가 없었으나 알고리즘 수용 행위와의 부적 관계를 통해 관점 일치 뉴스 노출의 감소와 유의미한 관계를 보였다. 또한 편향성 인식이 뉴스 추구 행위와 정적 관계에 있었던 것에 반해 프라이버시 침해 인식은 뉴스 추구 행위와 부적인 관계를 보였다. 맞춤화 환경에서 의 정보 다양성을 위해 알고리즘 이해와 인식이 중요함을 확인하였으며, 리터러시 교육과 관련된 함의를 논의하였다.

Perception-Behavior Differences on Good Teaching and Learning: Korean EFL College Students

( Sun Young Kim ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2010 언어연구 Vol.27 No.1

Linguistic Research 27(1), 165-188. This study examined the perceptions on good teaching and learning held by Korean EFL college students in the four pedagogical areas (i.e., teaching, learning, class dynamics, and educational system) and investigated to what extent survey responses reflected students` perceptions and their behaviors by analyzing the perception-behavior differences. The self-reported survey was constructed in the way it distinguished students` responses on the perceptions and their literacy behaviors. The results showed that Korean students, as opposed to commonly-held conceptions of Asian learners (Cortazzi & Jin, 1996, 2002; Hammond & Gao,2002), possessed fairly well developed perceptions about English learning, suggesting that the perceptions on good teaching and learning shared common ground across different cultural groups. Specifically, good teaching and learning reported by Korean students were `learner-centered,` `communicative approach,` `interactive classroom dynamics,` and `cooperative learning.` However, Korean students described their literacy behaviors as `less interactive and social` and `passive recipient of knowledge.` The significant and positive differences between the perceptions and behaviors demonstrated that although Korean students held perceptions not different from their Western counterparts, their literacy behaviors were often constrained by the traditional classroom. This study argues that narrowing the perception-behavior gap should be taken as an essential part of teaching practices in the Korean EFL college contexts. (Mokpo National University)

정부신뢰와 부패인식: 아시아 국가를 중심으로

장용진(Chang Yongjin) 한국부패학회 2015 한국부패학회보 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 아시아 국가 시민들의 정부에 대한 신뢰가 부패인식에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가를 연구한다. 각 개별국가들의 의회, 법원, 대통령(또는 수상), 공무원, 그리고 비정부(비 영리)단체에 대한 신뢰가 정부에 대한 부패인식에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 아시안 바로 메터 서베이 세 번째 조사를 바탕으로 분석한다. 분석결과에 따르면 일본과 한국은 의회에 대한 신뢰가 가장 낮았으며 태국, 인도네시아, 싱가포르, 캄보디아, 말레이시아의 시민들은 전반적으로 입법부, 사법부, 대통령과 공무원들에 대한 높은 신뢰도를 보여주었다. 싱가포르를 제외한 일본, 한국, 몽고, 필리핀, 태국, 인도네시아, 캄보디아, 그리고 말레이시아의 시민 들은 비정부(비영리)단체에 대해 높은 신뢰도를 보여주었다. 정부신뢰가 부패인식에 미치는 영향은 일본의 경우 시민들의 공무원과 수상에 대한 신뢰가 높아질수록 부패에 대한 인식 이 낮아졌고 한국과 태국은 공무원, 국가수장, 법원, 그리고 비정부단체에 대한 신뢰가 증가 할수록 부패에 대한 인식이 감소했다. 몽고의 경우 의회에 대한 신뢰만이 부패인식에 영향을 미쳤고 필리핀은 대통령과 법원에 대한 신뢰, 인도네시아는 대통령, 의회, 그리고 비정부 기관에 대한 신뢰, 말레이시아는 대통령, 의회, 법원에 대한 신뢰, 싱가포르는 의회와 법원에 대한 신뢰, 그리고 캄보디아는 공무원, 대통령, 그리고 법원에 대한 신뢰가 증가할수록 시민들의 부패인식이 낮아졌다. 그리고 싱가포르와 캄보디아의 경우 비정부기관에 대한 신뢰는 시민들의 부패인식을 증가시키는 요인이었다. The current study has examined the influences of government trust on corruption perceptions of citizens in Asian countries. The study analyzes the Asian Barometer Survey data collected from 13 Asian countries from 2010 to 2012. According to descriptive statitistics, Singapore shows the lowest level of corruption perceptions by citizens and Mongolia was the most corrupt country among 9 countries. The findings of odered probit regression models indicate that the turst in civil service affects reducing the corruption perceptions in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Cambodia. The trust in the President or prime minister in most countries except Mongolia and Singapore has a significant causal relationship with the level of corruption perceptions. In addition, the trust in Parliamnet is an important variable to decrease the corruption perceptions in Mongolia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. In most countries in this study except Japan, Mongolia, and Indonesia, the trust in the courts is a crucial factor to decrease the level of corruption perceptions as well. The trust level of non-profit organizations is significant to decrease the level of corruption perceptions in South Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia. On the contrary, the trust level affects increasing the level of corruption perceptions in Singapore and Cambodia.

친환경 식품 포장 정책에 대한 20대 소비자의 인식 연구:환경 인식 정도를 중심으로

박한솔,양진서,정효민,전민선 (사)한국조리학회 2022 한국조리학회지 Vol.28 No.10

This study identified consumers' perception, interest, and intention to practice eco-friendly activities related to food packaging materials depending on the level of environmental perceptions and was intended to present the direction of sustainable activities of government and companies. For consumers in their 20s nationwide, the research was conducted using an online survey method for a month. It was analyzed by classifying into groups with high and low interest in environmental protection. As a result, the group with high environmental perceptions had significantly more women than men, and the group with high environmental perceptions acquired information on eco-friendliness through accessible media such as the Internet, TV, and YouTube. There was a significant difference in interest and perceptions of eco-friendly policy activities between two groups, and the group with high environmental perceptions had a more positive perception about eco-friendly activities of both government and businesses than the groups with low environmental perceptions. In the evaluation of policy promotion activities conducted by the government in relation to eco-friendly food packaging, the group with high perceptions of all items except diversity showed a positive evaluation. Therefore, in order to increase the use of eco-friendly packaging materials by consumers in their 20s, the government and companies needs to continue to make efforts to induce interest in the environment.

과학자들의 일상과 연구과정을 다룬 다큐멘터리를 통한 대학생들의 과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식변화 탐색

이현옥 ( Hyunok Lee ),문지영 ( Jiyeong Mun ) 한국과학교육학회 2018 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.38 No.2

과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식을 조사하는 선행 연구에서 대상 및 국가를 넘어 공통적으로 드러나는 정형적 이미지가 있다고 보고되었다. 최근 연구에서는 연구 참여자 및 조사 도구에 따라 몇몇 새로운 이미지가 제시되지만 아직 정형적 이미지가 주도적으로 나타난다고 보고된다. 이에 본 연구는 과학자들의 일상과 연구과정을 담은 다큐멘터리를 맥락으로 하여 대학생들의 과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식을 구체적으로 탐색하고 인식변화의 경로를 추적해 보고자 하였다. 여기서 활용한 다큐멘터리에는 오랜 기간 실제 과학자들을 촬영하여 제작한 것으로 다양한 과학자들이 등장할 뿐 아니라 과학연구와 함께 개별 과학자들의 일상적인 삶을 조명하며 그들의 모습을 다각적으로 담아내었다. 연구 참여자들은 총 109명의 대학생(인문계열 33명, 자연계열 35명, 사회계열 41명)으로 과학기술관련 교양 수업에서 해당 다큐멘터리를 시청하고 과학 및 과학자에 대한 인식이 어떻게 변화하였는지에 대한 내용을 중심으로 에세이를 작성하였다. 연구 결과, 다수(70명, 64.2%)의 학생이 인식변화가 있었다고 보고하였고 그들 중 대부분은 다큐멘터리를 계기로 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지에서 보다 현실적인 인식으로 변화하였다. 과학 및 과학자에 대한 현실적인 인식으로는 1) 감정기복을 겪는 평범한 일반인, 2) 반복되는 실패에도 인내심을 가지고 목표에 매진, 3) 지식의 최전선에서 창의성을 발휘, 4) 협력과 경쟁의 공존, 5) 경제적·현실적 장벽에 좌절하는 모습이 나타났다. 또한, 인식변화가 없다고 보고한 학생들(39명, 35.8%) 중 다수가 원래부터 과학자에 대한 현실적 인식을 가지고 있었다고 서술 하였다. 결국, 전체 연구 참여자 중에서 소수의 학생들만이(8명, 7.3%) 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지를 고수하였다. 이를 해석하면 대학생들이 갖는 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지는 과학자들의 현실적 모습을 담은 다큐멘터리를 시청하였을 때 상대적으로 쉽게 변할 수 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한 이 결과는 대학생들이 서술하는 과학자에 대한 정형적 이미지가 내적으로 깊은 인상을 형성하는 인식 내용이기보다는, 외부에서(예, 학교 및 대중 매체 등) 주어지는 과학자에 대한 대표적인 특징을 단순히 보고하거나 묘사하는 것일 수 있다고 추론해볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 학생들의 과학자에 대한 인식 내용뿐 아니라 미묘한 인식 차원도 고려해볼 수 있었다. In spite of a growing number of recent studies that indicate students are coming to view scientists with more varied images, the stereotypical image of scientists remains in many students’ minds. In this study, the authors explore how college students change their perceptions of science and scientists through the use of a documentary that focuses on scientists’ daily lives, including laboratory life, and their emotional ups-and-downs. We analyzed 109 college students’ essays on perceptions about scientists after watching the documentary. As a result, 64.2% of the college students declared that there was a change in their perception of scientists. The students’ new perceptions of science and scientists are as follows: 1) scientists undergo emotional ups-and-downs just like any normal person; 2) scientists experience numerous failures while researching; 3) science does not have a fixed answer and scientists undertake research with creativity; 4) scientists conduct research in collaboration, but also in highly competitive environments; 5) scientists are often frustrated with their socio-economic status. The students’ previous perceptions on science and scientists were mainly stereotypical ones that have been reported in previous studies. In addition, of the other college students who did not change their perceptions, the majority declared that they have new perceptions such as 1) - 5). Only a small percentage of students (7.3%) had unchanged stereotypical perceptions. These results are interpreted as that college students relatively easily change their stereotypical images of scientists after watching the documentary but, alternatively, the results can be interpreted that the most stereotypical images of college students are not perceptions that form a deep impression, but rather they are simply depictions of representative images of scientists given from outside sources (e.g. the mass media and school).

다운증후군 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육 스트레스가 삶의 질에 미치는 영향: 부모지각의 매개효과를 중심으로

김윤혜,박혜준 한국인간발달학회 2014 人間發達硏究 Vol.21 No.2

This study attempted to analyze the interactions between parenting stress, quality of life and positive perceptions, as well as the impact of parenting stress on parents’ quality of life and parents’ perceptions. In addition, the study also aimed at elucidating the role of parents’ perceptions as a mediating effect on the impact of parenting stress on their quality of life. Using PASW statistics 18, analyses was performed. The major findings of the study were as follows. First, the parenting stress of parents of children with Down syndrome had a statistically significant causal relationship with parents’ quality of life and their positive perceptions. Second, when the sociological characteristics of parents were controlled, the positive perceptions of parents of children with Down syndrome had a partial mediating effect upon the causal relationship between parenting stress and the quality of parents’ lives. This study found that not only parenting stress had a direct effect on parents’ quality of life and positive perceptions, but it also had a mediating effect on the relationship between quality of life and positive perceptions. As a result, it was confirmed that parenting stress from raising children with Down syndrome affected parent positive perceptions of children, and positive perceptions, which, in turn, affected the quality of parents’ lives.

Perception-Behavior Differences on Good Teaching and Learning: Korean EFL College Students

김선영 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2010 언어연구 Vol.27 No.1

This study examined the perceptions on good teaching and learning held by Korean EFL college students in the four pedagogical areas (i.e., teaching, learning, class dynamics, and educational system) and investigated to what extent survey responses reflected students’ perceptions and their behaviors by analyzing the perception-behavior differences. The self-reported survey was constructed in the way it distinguished students’ responses on the perceptions and their literacy behaviors. The results showed that Korean students, as opposed to commonly-held conceptions of Asian learners (Cortazzi & Jin, 1996, 2002; Hammond & Gao, 2002), possessed fairly well developed perceptions about English learning, suggesting that the perceptions on good teaching and learning shared common ground across different cultural groups. Specifically, good teaching and learning reported by Korean students were ‘learner-centered,’ ‘communicative approach,’ ‘interactive classroom dynamics,’ and ‘cooperative learning.’ However, Korean students described their literacy behaviors as ‘less interactive and social’ and ‘passive recipient of knowledge.’ The significant and positive differences between the perceptions and behaviors demonstrated that although Korean students held perceptions not different from their Western counterparts, their literacy behaviors were often constrained by the traditional classroom. This study argues that narrowing the perception-behavior gap should be taken as an essential part of teaching practices in the Korean EFL college contexts.

Korean EFL Learners` Perceptions of Metalanguage

( Aeri Yang ),( Byung Kyoo Ahn ) 글로벌영어교육학회(구 호남영어교육학회) 2015 Studies in English education Vol.20 No.2

This study examines Korean high school students’ perceptions of metalinguistic terms used in class with a particular focus on the effect of proficiency level and gender on their perceptions. Sixty second-year high school students were surveyed to evaluate their perceptions of grammatical terminology. Interviews were administered to gain a more valid understanding of the students’ perceptions. The findings reveal that the students’ perceptions differ substantially according to their proficiency level. Unlike the high level students, the low level students find the metalinguistic terms of little use. They also report that the terms are mostly both unfamiliar and hard to understand. The low level students are of the opinion that the teachers use the metalinguistic terms excessively in class. As for the gender effect, the results show that the female students generally feel more familiar with metalinguistic terms than their male counterparts regardless of proficiency level. Despite the higher level of perceived familiarity, the female participants perceive themselves less knowledgeable about metalanguage than their male peers do. These perceptions are in conflict with the level of actual knowledge that the students of the opposite genders exhibited during the interview. Pedagogical implications and limitations are discussed.

고등학교 영어 듣기 교육의 실태 및 인식조사

홍두표 ( Hong Du-pyo ) 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2016 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the realities and perceptions of English listening education at academic high schools in Gyeongsangnamdo province to improve English listening ability on the basis of the results. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with regard to teachers and students at 15 academic high schools in Gyeongsangnamdo province in connection with the four areas. The data collected were processed using frequency analysis, t-test, cross-tabulation analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. First of all, the teachers` current instructional realities, perceptions, and remedial suggestions are as follows: First, as for the teachers` instructional status in the area of listening, they rarely gave listening education during regular classes mainly because of limited time due to the progress of textbooks. Second, as for the teachers` perceptions of the area of listening, they suggested that instruction in the area of listening should be emphasized in improving communicative competence in English. Some of the instructional materials for the area of listening that they regarded as ideal and, in which students felt the greatest interest included videos and popular songs. Third, as for the teachers` remedial suggestions in the area of listening, they suggested that listening instruction should be improved, specifically by developing diverse textbooks and teaching materials in the area and by distributing differentiated listening textbooks. Next, the students` current learning realities, perceptions, and remedial suggestions are as follows: First, as for the students` learning status in listening, they showed that they didn`t receive proper feedback after solving a problem in practice and most of them made no personal development of listening comprehension out of regular classes. Second, as for the perceptions for listening, the responses of students` perceptions were equal to those of teachers` perceptions. Third, as for the remedial suggestions for listening, the responses of students` remedial suggestions were equal to those of teachers` remedial suggestions. Finally, the results concerning correlation and regression analysis of the areas for teachers and students are as follows: First, as for the factors affecting the teachers` teaching skills in the area of listening, their performance in TOEIC was correlated with the skills. The findings from the regression analysis also confirmed its significant positive impact. Second, as for the factors affecting the students` learning skills in the area of listening, their experience of learning English at schools abroad or at language course centers and their performance in listening tests were correlated with the skills. The findings from the regression analysis also confirmed their significant positive impact.

자가소유가 복지인식에 미치는 영향

백종규 한국산업융합학회 2022 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.6

Homeownership is much more than a financial calculation. It is a sociopsychological phenomenon. During the last decade studies of homeownership have demonstrated a positive link between homeownership and positive social outcomes including welfare perceptions and attitudes. This study compared welfare perceptions between homeowners and renters in Korean Welfare Panel Survey using data collected in 2019. The study analyzed six continuous outcomes of welfare perceptions. Six variables indicating welfare perceptions included: (1) welfare and work disincentives; (2) welfare recipients are lazy; (3) welfare selectivism; (4) national minimum; (5) free university education and; (6) free child care and kindergarten. This study acknowledged bias arising from selection on observables. To control these biases, this study employed analytical approaches including the treatment effect model. Results of this study confirmed that attainment of homeownership is not possible for everyone. Findings from this study have provided some evidence that homeowners and renters have different perceptions on welfare listed above. Finally, issues relating to homeownership and welfare perceptions were discussed. Implications for social work practice and research were further discussed.