보행교통류 시뮬레이션 모형을 활용한 보행편의성 지표의 개발 및 분석

이주용 대한교통학회 2016 대한교통학회지 Vol.34 No.6

보행교통류의 통행은 다른 교통수단과 비교하여 더 미시적인 움직임을 보인다. 정해진 차선의 구분 없이 통행하므로 2차원적인 움직임을 보일 수 있으며, 자유로운 방향전환 능력을 통해 이동할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 보행교통류의 편의성을 평가하는 방법에 있어서도 보행교통류의 미시적인 특성이 반영되어야 한다고 할 수 있다. 만일 보행자만의 행태를 반영하여 편의성을 평가할 수 있다면 보행교통류의 통행 특성을 더 원활히 파악할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보행교통류의 특성을 반영하여 편의성을 판단할 수 있는 지표들을 시뮬레이션을 통해 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 경로이탈도, 속도의 변화 크기, 그리고 충돌 횟수라는 세 편의성 지표를 통해 보행교통류의 편의성을 평가할 수 있음을 보였다. 각각의 지표들은 보행교통류의 고유한 통행 특성을 해석할 수 있으면서도, 교통류율의 변화에 따라 서로 다른 함수 형태를 보였다. 결과적으로 기존의 교통유율이나 속도와 더불어서 LOS를 판단할 수 있는 보조 지표로 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The pedestrian traffic flow has more complicated microscopic features than vehicular traffic flow. Without any designated lanes or any guidance, pedestrians naturally move and change their routes in two dimensional domain with ease. Thus the assessment of pedestrian comfort level should be considering the microscopic features of pedestrian flow. This study is aimed at developing pedestrian comfort criteria based upon pedestrian flow simulation model. This study suggests three criteria to determine pedestrian comfort level; the deviation of route, the acceleration of walk, and the number of collision. Each criterion, which can address the unique walking patterns of pedestrian flow, is represented as each different function with respect to traffic flow rate. The criteria can be the additional indicators to determine the level of service of pedestrian flow together with traffic flow rate and walking speed.

Modeling Lane Formation in Pedestrian Counter Flow and Its Effect on Capacity

이주용,김태완,정진혁,김진호 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.3

For the development of a sustainable transportation system, a modal shift from automobiles to walking or transit is encouraged. In order to design a more convenient and comfortable walking environment, a sound modeling of pedestrian flow is necessary. Most of the previously developed pedestrian flow models well described the macroscopic features of unidirectional pedestrian flow. However, in pedestrian counter-flow, interactions among conflicting pedestrians are so complicated and existing flow models fall short in explaining some features of pedestrian behaviors. A spontaneous lane formation, which helps to reduce conflicts and increase travel speeds, is a commonly observed feature of a crowded pedestrian flow. This paper develops a social-force based pedestrian model, which can explain the lane formation phenomenon. From the simulation results, it turns out that the ‘following effect’ and ‘evasive effect’ mainly contribute to the lane formation. Higher capacity and travel speed are obtained when pedestrians are more congregated.

Flow Evaluation of Pedestrian’s Field with Traffic Lines

Hideto Nishikado,Takahiro Iwata,Shigeru Takayama 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper describes a system to extracttraffic lines of pedestrians flow outdoors and the investigation ofdynamic characteristics by using the density and directiondistribution of them. These characteristics relate to the congestion and latent dangerousness of field. They are difficult parameters defined with static images. The timetransition of these characteristics shows the dynamic situations of them. Furthermore, this paper presents pedestrian’s field evaluation focused on flow. These characteristics parameters are profitablefor evaluation of environmental design.

지하철 역사내 동선 분리 시스템을 활용한 보행편의 및 이동성 증진

이주용,김태완,유소영 대한교통학회 2015 대한교통학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The congestion of pedestrians impedes the utilization efficiency of a subway station. Conflicts among pedestrians due to unseparated pedestrian flows not only increase the impedance of pedestrian mobility but also negatively affect on pedestrian safety. This paper analyzes the travel characteristics of bi-directional pedestrian flow based on microscopic movements, and evaluates the operation efficiency on separating the traffic line. The subway station was simulated in a 2-D grid structure by applying Discrete Element Method, and the movement is organized in each cell of the grid. As a result, the model explicates that separating the traffic line and encouraging the ‘Keep right rule’ would be mostly effective for the conflicting flows. Therefore, applying the ‘Walking Guidance System’ would be efficient to improve the pedestrian convenience and mobility. 지하철 역사 공간 내 보행교통류의 혼잡 상황은 역사의 이용효율을 저해시킨다. 특히 방향별 동선의 미분리로 인한 보행자간 상충은 보행자의 이동저항을 증가시키며 통행시간과 안전사고에 부정적인 영향을 끼치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 미시적 움직임에 기반한 양방향 보행교통류의 통행 특성을 분석하였으며, 동선 분리로 인한 운영상의 효과를 분석하는 모형을 개발하였다. 이산요소법에 따라 역사 공간을 2차원 grid 구조로 해석하였으며, 각 grid에 존재하는 cell 별로 보행자의 움직임이 이루어진다고 보았다. 그 결과 양방향 보행교통류가 상충하는 상황에서는 동선을 분리시키고, 우측통행을 유도하여 보행자들의 진행 방향을 정돈시키는 경우가 가장 효율이 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 이에, 동선 분리 시스템을 적용하여 보행편의 및 이동성을 증진시키기 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

Modeling handicapped pedestrians considering physical characteristics using cellular automaton

Kim, Jooyoung,Ahn, Chiwon,Lee, Seungjae Elsevier 2018 PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIO Vol.510 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In disaster situations, the evacuation of pedestrians is very important. In particular, handicapped pedestrians experience difficulties in evacuation situations because they cannot move quickly. Therefore, the evacuation of handicapped pedestrians is considered to be an important factor in disaster situations. In this study, we use a walking model based on a cellular automaton (CA) to study the effect of handicapped walking movement related to traffic flow. For the purpose of this research, handicapped walking encompasses wheelchairs, crutches, children, and elderly people. A new model is constructed and analyzed that reflects the physical characteristics of handicapped pedestrians. In this study, the change of pedestrian traffic flow was observed while simulating a 30% ratio of handicapped to normal people. The experimental results showed that the average walking speed decreased by approximately 12% for each simulation step. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that it is necessary to consider handicapped pedestrians in order to conduct realistic evacuation simulations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The paper contributes to the cellular automaton model considering on handicapped characteristics. </LI> <LI> We construct a fundamental diagram to represent our presented mixed pedestrian model. </LI> <LI> Our proposed approach can reveal the influence of handicapped better than the previous studies. </LI> </UL> </P>

설계방법론을 이용한 보행자 보호 시스템의 최적설계

윤용원(Yong Won Yun),박경진(Gyung Jin Park) 대한기계학회 2014 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.38 No.9

차대 보행자 교통사고는 발생빈도에 비하여 사망률이 매우 높은 특징이 있다. 전세계적으로 정부 및 보험사에서는 보행자 보호를 위한 새로운 안전기준을 수립 및 강화하는 추세이다. 보행자 보호 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 한국정부는 2007 년부터 신차안전도평가에서 보행자 안전을 평가하고 있다. 보행자 보호 성능은 점진적으로 향상되었으나 여전히 미흡한 상태이다. 전개형 후드 및 보행자 에어백 등으로 구성되어 있는 보행자 보호 시스템은 보행자 보호를 위한 대안이 될 수 있다. 보행자의 머리상해 기준값을 감소시키기 위하여 새롭게 정의된 설계방법론을 바탕으로 보행자 에어백 설계 절차를 제안하였다. 제안된 설계방법론을 실용적인 측면에서 검토하였고 보행자 보호 시스템의 제작에 적용이 가능하다. Vehicle-into-pedestrian traffic accidents show a very high mortality rate compared to their frequency of occurrence. Throughout the world, governments and insurance companies tend to establish and implement new safety standards for pedestrian protection. In order to improve the performance of pedestrian protection, the Korean government has evaluated the pedestrian safety of vehicles under the Korea New Car Assessment Program (K-NCAP) since 2007. The pedestrian protection performance has improved gradually, but it remains insufficient. A pedestrian protection system consisting of a hood lift system and a pedestrian airbag can be a solution to pedestrian safety. A pedestrian airbag design procedure based on a newly defined design scenario is introduced to reduce the head injury criterion of pedestrians. The proposed design scenario is discussed from a practical viewpoint and applied to manufacture pedestrian protection systems.

A Data-driven Approach to Estimate the Probability of Pedestrian Flow Congestion at Transportation Bottlenecks

Jinghong Wang,Manman Chen,Wenyu Yan,Youran Zhi,Zhirong Wang 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.1

In public gathering places, pedestrian flow congestion may happen in transportation bottlenecks. Limitations exist in the conventional judgment of congestion by considering the crowd density or the walking speed merely. In this paper, a data-driven mathematical approach based on Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to analyze the probability of pedestrian flow congestion is proposed, which comprehensively considers the walking speed, the crowd density and the flow rate when pedestrians walk towards possible bottlenecks. With the case study of Nanjing metro station during rush hours, the advantages of non-parametric KDE compared with traditional parametric normal distribution estimation are analyzed and the optimal bandwidth for KDE is also discussed. The case study shows that the proposed method can obtain a more reliable quantitative assessment of congestion risk, as it overcomes the limitation of parametric estimation that relies on experience, and also avoids biased assessment of congestion that merely concerns single parameter of pedestrian flow. Finally, an assessment framework for dynamic congestion risk at bottlenecks is suggested. With this framework, the change of congestion situations of a monitored region can be mastered through data-driven approach, and thus the transformation of normal flowing to congestion of the crowd can be quantified through probabilistic analysis.

철도역에서 양 방향 군중 유동의 전산 해석

남성원(Seong Won Nam) 대한기계학회 2020 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.44 No.8

철도역에서의 양 방향 군중 유동에 대한 전산 해석을 하였다. 군중 유동 해석의 개념은 입자 유동과 유사하다. 전산유체 해석법과 마찬가지로, 계산 영역을 격자로 나누고, 입출구 경계 조건으로부터 각 격자에 대한 포텐셜 값을 부여하여 경로선을 구한다. 이 경로선이 기본 이동 경로이지만, 공간 이용상황에 따라 언제든지 변경될 수 있다. 예를 들면, 이동하려는 방향에 느린 선행 보행자가 있거나, 마주치는 보행자가 있는 경우이다. 특정한 규칙 기반 시스템에 따라, 이 빠른 보행자는 원래의 경로를 변경할 새로운 경로를 찾는다. 여기서 고려된 주요 인자는 보행 속도, 시야각도, 직진성, 우측통행 여부 등이다. 지하철 환승역의 다양한 개찰구 모델과 미로 모델을 이용하여 해석 프로그램의 성능을 확인하였다. 해석 결과, 보행자들은 최단 거리로만 이동하지 않으며, 수시로 경로를 변경함을 보여준다. In this study, bidirectional crowd flow in railway stations has been computationally analyzed. The concept of computational crowd flow is very similar to that of particle-laden flow. Similar to general computational fluid dynamics, the computational domain is divided into meshes and potential values are calculated for each cell by providing boundary conditions for inlets and outlets. Path line, which is the basic moving path, is then calculated according to the potential value. However, the path line varies based on the space used by the crowd. Consider, for example, a slow pedestrian walking in the direction that another pedestrian is moving toward, or that a slow pedestrian encounters a pedestrian walking in the opposite direction. According to a specific rule-based system, the relatively fast pedestrian searches for new paths, changing their original route. The main factors such as walking speed, viewing angle, straightness, and walking side (right) were considered. Various ticket gate models of a metro station and maze models were used to verify the performance of the program. The analysis results demonstrate that pedestrians do not move along the shortest path, but vary their paths periodically.

Spatial Multilevel Optical Flow Architecture-based Dynamic Motion Estimation in Vehicular Traffic Scenarios

( Alvaro Fuentes ),( Sook Yoon ),( Dong Sun Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.12

Pedestrian detection is a challenging area in the intelligent vehicles domain. During the last years, many works have been proposed to efficiently detect motion in images. However, the problem becomes more complex when it comes to detecting moving areas while the vehicle is also moving. This paper presents a variational optical flow-based method for motion estimation in vehicular traffic scenarios. We introduce a framework for detecting motion areas with small and large displacements by computing optical flow using a multilevel architecture. The flow field is estimated at the shortest level and then successively computed until the largest level. We include a filtering parameter and a warping process using bicubic interpolation to combine the intermediate flow fields computed at each level during optimization to gain better performance. Furthermore, we find that by including a penalization function, our system is able to effectively reduce the presence of outliers and deal with all expected circumstances in real scenes. Experimental results are performed on various image sequences from Daimler Pedestrian Dataset that includes urban traffic scenarios. Our evaluation demonstrates that despite the complexity of the evaluated scenes, the motion areas with both moving and static camera can be effectively identified.

보행자 유동 해석 알고리즘 개발

남성원(S.W. Nam) 한국전산유체공학회 2012 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

Algorithm for pedestrian flow analysis based on DEM(Discrete Element Method) is newly developed. There are lots of similarity between particle-laden two phase flow and pedestrian flow. The velocity component of carrier phase corresponds to the direction vector of calculation cell, dispersed phase to people, volume fraction to population density and the momentum equation of particle to the walking velocity and way-finding method of passenger. And, the walking velocity of passenger is also represented by the function of population density. Key algorithms are developed to determine the position of people, population density and numbering method. To verify the effectiveness of algorithm for pedestrian flow analysis, simulations for representative simple models are conducted. By using the developed simulation program, We can simulate the movement of massive crowd qualitatively and quantitatively.