급성 폐동맥색전증과 성인성호흡곤란증후군에서 산소운반과 산소섭취의 상관관계

이상도 ( Lee Sang Do ),한성구 ( Han Seong Gu ),심영수 ( Sim Yeong Su ),김건열 ( Kim Geon Yeol ),한용철 ( Han Yong Cheol ) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Background: In adult repiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) the pathologi supply dependence of oxygen consumption, whoch provide the basis for `best PEEP`, is suggested, but which is still in controversy. And in acute pulmonary embolism little is known about the relationship betwen oxygen transport and oxygen consumption. Methods: To evaluate the relationship betwen oxygen transport and oxygen consumption in ARDS and acute pulmonary embolism, experimental ARDS was induced in 7 mongrel doges with oleic acid and acute pulmonary emblism in 7 dogs with autologous blood clot. Then hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters were measured with serial increment of PEEP. Results: In ARDS group, blow the oxygen transport of 28 ml/min/kg, the change of oxygen consumption was linearly related to the change of oxygen transport(r=0.55, p<0.05). Oxygen extraction ratio didn`t correlate with oxygen transport. In acute pulmonary embolism group, below the oxygen transpot of 29ml/min/kg, change of oxygen consumption was linearly relatred to change of oxygen transport(r=0.57, p<0.05). Oxygen extraction ratio didn`t correlate with oxygen transport. In ARDS group there was a significant correlation between the change of oxygen tension (r=0.79, p<0.05). In acute pulmonary embolism group there was a significant correlation between the change of oxygen transport and change of mixed venous oxygen tension (r=0.83, p<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that a linear relationship between oxygen consumption and oxygen transport is not unique to ARDS. Mixed venous oxygen tension seems to be sensitive predictor of oxygen transport in both ARDS and acute pulmonary embolism.

초등학교 남학생의 최대산소섭취량과 Body Mass Index가 혈압에 미치는 영향

류종식(Jong Sik Ryu),강호율(Ho Youl Kang) 한국발육발달학회 2018 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to help elementary school boys manage blood pressure by investigate association between maximum oxygen consumption, body mass index and blood pressure. To achieve this purpose, maximum oxygen consumption, BMI and blood pressure were measured in 66 elementary school boys(age: 8.45±.52) The results obtained by analyzing collected data are as follows. First, Both the maximum oxygen consumption and the BMI had a significant correlation between in systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP), respectively. Second, divided into three groups according to the maximum oxygen consumption level, showed significant differences in SBP(p<.001). But in case of DBP, only the upper and lower groups showed significant differences(p<. 05). Third, divided into three groups according to the BMI level. showed significant differences in SBP(p<.001). But in case of SBP, only a lower BMI group showed a significant difference from the other two groups(p<.001). Fourth, both SBP and DBP showed that BMI had a greater effect than the maximum oxygen consumption. Therefore In this study, both the maximum oxygen consumption and the BMI were found to have a significant effect on blood pressure, and the greater impact of BMI. In addition, the results are divided into three groups according to the maximum oxygen consumption and the BMI level, There were significant differences in SBP between groups, but there were different aspect in case of DBP.

Effect of Bradykinin on Oxygen Consumption in the Distal Tubule and Cortical Collecting Tubule of Rat

이석용,조규철,Lee, Seok-Yong,Cho, Kyu-Chul The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.2

Kallikrein-kinin계는 신장의 혈류역학과 수분 및 전해질 배설의 조절자로서 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Kallikrein-kinin계의 유효한 펩타이드중 하나인 bradykinin(BK)을 신동맥에 주입시 전해질 배설이 증가하는데 이 작용이 신혈류역학적 변동에 기인하는지 또는 신세뇨관의 전해질 운반에 대한 직접적인 작용에 기인하는지 아직 확실치 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원위세뇨관(DT)과 피질집합관(CCT)에서의 전해질운반 의존성 산소소비에 대한 BK의 영향을 관찰하였다. BK$(0.1\;{\mu}M)$은 DT과 CCT의 산소소비를 유의하게 감소시켰으며 이 작용은 Na부재시 나타나지 않았고 ouabain전처치에 의해 차단되었다. 또한 이 작용은 mepacrine에 의해 유의하게 차단되었으며 indomethacin에 의하여는 차단되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 BK이 DT과 CCT에서 Na운반과 관련한 산소소비를 억제시키며 이 작용에는 prostaglandin들이 관여하고 있지 않음을 시사한다. Infusion of bradykinin (BK) into the renal arteries increases sodium excretion. However, it is not clear whether natriuresis results from the renal hemodynamic effects or from the direct effect on renal tubular sodium transport. Therefore, we examined the effects of BK on the transport-dependent oxygen consumption in the distal tubule (DT) and cortical collecting tubule (CCT) of deoxycorticosterone-treated rats. BK inhibited oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent way with a maximal reduction at $0.1\;{\mu}M$ BK. The inhibitory effect of BK was not present in the absence of sodium or in the presence of ouabain (1 mM). These data imply that the inhibitory effect of BK is restricted to the sodium transport-dependent oxygen consumption. We also investigated the relationship between the effect of BK on oxygen consumption and arachidonic acid metabolism. Mepacrine $(10\;{\mu}M)$, an inhibitor of membrane phospholipases, prevented the inhibitory effect of BK, but indomethacin (0.5 mM) didn't. These results suggest that BK decreases the sodium transport-related oxygen consumption in the rat DT and/or CCT, and that it may be mediated by products of enzymes other than cyclooxygenase.

흰쥐 원위세뇨관과 피질집합관의 산소소비량에 대한 Bradykinin의 영향

이석용(Seok-Yong Lee),조규철(Kyu-Chul Cho) 대한약리학회 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.2

Kallikrein-kinin계는 신장의 혈류역학과 수분 및 전해질 배설의 조절자로서 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Kallikrein-kinin계의 유효한 펩타이드중 하나인 bradykinin(BK)을 신동맥에 주입시 전해질 배설이 증가하는데 이 작용이 신혈류역학적 변동에 기인하는지 또는 신세뇨관의 전해질 운반에 대한 직접적인 작용에 기인하는지 아직 확실치 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원위세뇨관(DT)과 피질집합관(CCT)에서의 전해질운반 의존성 산소소비에 대한 BK의 영향을 관찰하였다. BK(0.1μM)은 DT과 CCT의 산소소비를 유의하게 감소시켰으며 이 작용은 Na부재시 나타나지 않았고 ouabain전처치에 의해 차단되었다. 또한 이 작용은 mepacrine에 의해 유의하게 차단되었으며 indomethacin에 의하여는 차단되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 BK이 DT과 CCT에서 Na운반과 관련한 산소소비를 억제시키며 이 작용에는 prostaglandin들이 관여하고 있지 않음을 시사한다. Infusion of bradykinin (BK) into the renal arteries increases sodium excretion. However, it is not clear whether natriuresis results from the renal hemodynamic effects or from the direct effect on renal tubular sodium transport. Therefore, we examined the effects of BK on the transport-dependent oxygen consumption in the distal tubule (DT) and cortical collecting tubule (CCT) of deoxycorticosterone-treated rats. BK inhibited oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent way with a maximal reduction at 0.1μM BK. The inhibitory effect of BK was not present in the absence of sodium or in the presence of ouabain (1 mM). These data imply that the inhibitory effect of BK is restricted to the sodium transport-dependent oxygen consumption. We also investigated the relationship between the effect of BK on oxygen consumption and arachidonic acid metabolism. Mepacrine (10μM), an inhibitor of membrane phospholipases, prevented the inhibitory effect of BK, but indomethacin (0.5 mM) didn t. These results suggest that BK decreases the sodium transport-related oxygen consumption in the rat DT and/or CCT, and that it may be mediated by products of enzymes other than cyclooxygenase.

Use of nitrate-nitrogen concentration for controlling source, cellular matter production and oxygen consumption for sewage treatment

Xiaoling Wang,Xiaoyu Zhang,Hai Lu 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.2

Carbon saving, oxygen consumption reduction and cellular matter production reduction of Modified University of Cape Town (MUCT) process under different nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the main anoxic section was studied. This was investigated by material balance analysis, biochemical reaction process and its metrology of ordinary heterotrophic bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria. The flow and distribution of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the MUCT, and the influence of the regulation of the c(NO3) on the carbon source, cellular matter production, and oxygen consumption of the process were explained in detail. In the programmable logic controller (PLC) automatic control system, the circulating flow rate of nitrate was set as the controlled variable. Adopting the feedback control structure, c(NO3) was altered at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0mg·L1, respectively. In this experimental study, the quality of influent and other operation design parameters remained unchanged. The results showed that the effluent quality was at its best when c(NO3) was controlled at 2.0- 4.0mg/L. Again, the distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the anaerobic section was between phosphorus- accumulating bacteria, common heterotrophic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the distribution was related to c(NO3). Due to this phenomenon, the distribution of nitrate-nitrogen between denitrifying bacteria and denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, and poly-hydroxy alkanoates (PHA) between denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and aerobic phosphorus-accumulating bacteria was changed. Carbon source of 110.0 kg acetic acid/103m3 sewage was saved, while the cell material output was reduced by 37.5%, and the oxygen consumption of 51.1 kg O2/ 103m3 sewage was reduced. In the MUCT process, the regulation of c(NO3) enhanced the denitrifying phosphorus uptake performance of the main anoxic section and obtained good carbon source savings, reduction of cellular matter production, and reduction of oxygen consumption.

젊은 여성들의 체지방률 수준이 심폐기능에 미치는 영향

최현희(Choe Hyeon Hui),장명재(Jang Myeong Jae),남정혜(Nam Jeong Hye),송종국(Song Jong Gug) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The present study investigated the effect of percent body fat(%fat) on cardiorespiratory function in female university students. Thirty female university students with mean age of 20.6±0.57 years were participated in this study. The subject were divided into three groups according to the level of percent body fat including control group(20∼24.9%fat), overweight group(25∼29.9%fat), and obesity group(30∼ 35%fat). Anthropometric measurements included height and weight. Body mass index was calculated. Percent body fat and fat-free mass were measured by bioelectrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 3.0, Korea). Maximal exercise treadmill test was done by modified Bruce protocol. The test was performed at the speed of 1.7mph on the degree of 0% in the beginning, increasing the speed of 0.8mph and 5% of degree every three minutes. The result of the study showed that significant difference(p<0.01, F=6.227) can be observed between the groups in rest oxygen consumption. Obese group(0.195L·min-1) had highest value of oxygen consumption compared to control group(0.18L·min-1). There was significant difference(p<0.01) between groups for oxygen consumption per lean body mass and oxygen pulse during rest. Control group(4.818㎖·FFM-1·min-1, 2.426㎖·beats-1) showed significant lower value of oxygen consumption per lean body mass and oxygen pulse than the other two groups. On the other hand, no difference were found for carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, heart rate and minute ventilation between groups. As a result of this study, it can be suggested that cardiorespiratory function may be influenced by level of percent fat.

Role of Blood Flow vs. O₂Consumption in Nicotinemide-induced Increase pO₂in a Murine Tumor

이인태(Intae Lee),Moon June Cho, Thomas J. Demhartner, Leo E. Gerweck 대한방사선종양학회 1994 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.12 No.1

Nicotinamide(NA)에 의한 종양내 산소 분압의 증가가 세포내 신진 대사의 변화 또는 산소 접근성의 변화에 기인하는지 규명하고자 NA의 세포내 산소 소모와 신진 대사에 미치는 영향을 다음과 같이 실험하여 보았다. 즉 시험관에서는 Adenylate Phosphates와 NAD⁺의 변화를 동시에 생체에서는 혈류의 변화를 통하여 측정하였다. 세포 배양전 30분간 4mM(=500mg/kg) NA 처리시 세포내 산소 소모에는 영향이 없었다. 또는 4mM NA에서 세포내 Adenylate phophates와 NAD⁺치의 변화도 없었다. 종양내 혈류의 변화(적혈구 흐름)로 생체내에서 NA가 산소의 접근성의 증가를 가져오는지 평가하였다. 레이저 도플러로 적혈구 흐름의 변화를 측정하였는데, 종양의 크기와 비례해서, 150mm³ 크기의 종양에서 적혈구 흐름이 35%증가하였으며 500mm³ 종양에서 75%증가하였다. 결론적으로 이상의 관찰에서 FSaⅡ 생쥐 종양 모델에서 NA에 의한 종양내 산소 분압의 증가는 국소적 산소 소모의 감소에 의한 것이 아니며, 국소 종양내 혈류의 증가가 종양내 산소 분압 증가의 주 기전으로 사료된다. We evaluated the effect of nicotinamide on cellular O₂consumption and metabolic status i.e., adenylate phosphates and NAD⁻ in-vitro, and changes in blood flow in-vivo, to determine whether changes in cellular metabolism or increased oxygen availability, was responsible for increased tumor oxygenation. Thirty min. pre-incubation of cells with~4mM(=500mg/kg) nicotinamide resulted in no change in cellular O₂ consumption. Similarly, neither the adenylate phosphates nor the cellular NAD⁺ levels were altered in the presence of~4nM nicontinamide. In-vivo, nicotinamide(500mg/kg) increased O₂ availability as estimated by changes in relative tumor blood flow (RBC flux). The changes in RBC flux measured by the laser Doppler method, were tumor volume dependent and increased from~35% in~150mm³ tumors to~75% in~500mm³ tumors. In conclusion, these observations indicate a reduction in local tissue O₂ consumption is not a mechanism of improved tumor oxygenation by nicotinamide in FSaⅡ murine tumor model. The primary mechanism of increased pO₂ appears to be an increased local tumor blood flow.

Role of Blood Flow vs. $O_{2}$ Consumption in Nicotinamide-induced Increase $pO_{2}$ in a Murine Tumor

이인태,조문준,Lee Intae,Demhartner Thomas J.,Cho Moon-June The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1994 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.12 No.1

Nicotinamide(NA)에 의한 종양내 산소 분압의 증가가 세포내 신진 대사의 변화 또는 산소 접근성의 변화에 기인하는지 규명하고자 NA의 세포내 산소 소모와 신진 대사에 미치는 영향을 다음과 같이 실험하여 보았다. 즉 시험관에서는 Adenylate Phosphates와 $NAD^{+}$의 변화를 동시에 생체에서는 혈류의 변화를 통하여 측정하였다. 세포 배양전 30분간 4mM(=500mg/kg) NA 처리시 세포내 산소 소모에는 영향이 없었다. 또는 4mM NA에서 세포내 Adenylate phophates와 $NAD^{+}$치의 변화도 없었다. 종양내 혈류의 변화(적혈구 흐름)로 생체내에서 NA가 산소의 접근성의 증가를 가져오는지 평가하였다. 레이저 도플러로 적혈구 흐름의 변화를 측정하였는데, 종양의 크기와 비례해서, 150$mm^{3}$ 크기의 종양에서 적혈구 흐름이 35$\% $증가하였으며 500$mm^{3}$종양에서 75$\% $증가하였다. 결론적으로 이상의 관찰에서 FSaII 생쥐 종양 모델에서 NA에 의한 종양내 산소 분압의 증가는 국소적 산소 소모의 감소에 의한 것이 아니며, 국소 종양내 혈류의 증가가 종양내 산소 분압 증가의 주 기전으로 사료된다. We evaluated the effect of nicotinamide on cellular $O_{2}$ consumption and metabolic status i.e., adenylate phosphates and $NAD^{+}$in-vitro, and changes in blood flow in-vivo, to determine whether changes in cellular metabolism or increased oxygen availability, was responsible for increased tumor oxygenation. Thirty min, pre-incubation of cells with$\∼$4mM (= 500mg/kg) nicotinamide resulted in no change in cellular $O_{2}$ consumption. Similarly neither the adenylate Phosphates nor the cellular $NAD^{+}$levels were altered in the presence of $\∼$4mM nicontinamide. In-vivo, nicotinamide (500mg/kg) increased $O_{2}$ availability as estimated by changes in relative tumor blood flow (RBC flux). The changes in RBC flux measured by the laser Doppler method, were tumor volume dependent and increased from$\∼$35$ \% $ in$\∼$ 150$mm_{3}$tumors to$\∼$~75$ \% $ in$\∼$500$mm^{3}$ tumors. In conclusion, these observations indicate a reduction in local tissue $O_{2}$ consumption is not a mechanism of improved tumor oxygenation by nicotinamide in FSa II murine tumor model. The primary mechanism of increased $pO_{2}$ appears to be an increased local tumor blood flow.

몇몇 플라보노이드의 항상화활성의 비교 연구

정현균,정민아,송동업,안봉환,양성렬 全南大醫大 2000 전남의대학술지 Vol.36 No.2

기계적 환기를 받는 실험견에서 oleic acid에 의한 폐부종이 혈역학적 변수 및 위점막내 산도에 미치는 영향

김영재,변태경,이재승,이근무,정순호,최영균,박진우,신치만,박주열 인제대학교 2003 仁濟醫學 Vol.24 No.1

Objective : In critically ill patients suffering from pulmonary edema, mechanical positive-pressure ventilation improves hypoxemia, but limits portal and ga strointestinal blood flow at moderate levels and may cause relative splanchnic ischemia. This secondary splanchnic ischemia may have important clinical co mplication because of bacterial translocation associated with nosocomial infection and multiple organ dysfunction. Under these conditions, measuring splanch nic circulation indirectly by gastric intramucosal pH(pHi) may be useful. The aim of this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema on hemodynamic variables and pHi in mechanically ventilated dog. Methods and Materials : Six adult mongrel dogs were used for this experiment, anesthetized with intravenous anesthetics and mechanically ventilated with volume~controlled respirator. Pulmonary edema was induced by injection of 0.08 ㎎/㎏ oleic acid and PaO2 was 80-100 ㎜Hg. Hemodynamic variables, blood gas analysis and pHi were recorded before and after injection of oleic acid. Results : Hemoglobin, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, oxygen content and oxygen consumption have no significant change between before and after injection of oleic acid. But cardiac output, aterial pH, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, lung compliance, oxygen delivery and pHi were decreased(p<0.05) and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, shunt and peak inspiratory air way pressure were increased(p<0.05) after than before infection of oleic acid. Conclusion : The measurements of pHi as a marker of assessing splanchnic perfusion could early detect gastric intramucosal acidosis due to splanchnic hy poperfusion without change of systemic oxygen consumption during oleic acid -induced pulmonary edema. Therefore indirect monitoring of splanchnic circulation by pHi can be useful to prevent and treat complications due to splanchnic ischemia before the disturbance of oxygen consumption.