고지방식이로 유도된 비만 Mice에서 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물의 고지혈증 개선효과

원향례(Hyang-Rye Won),김수현(Soo-Hyun Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

쇠비름 에탄올 추출물의 고지혈증 개선 효과를 알아보기 위하여 C57BL/6J mice에게 9주 동안 고지방식이를 섭취시켰다. 마지막 4주 동안은 고지방식이에 쇠비름 에탄올 저농도투여군(HFD+POE 75) 및 쇠비름 에탄올 고농도투여군(HFD+POE 125)으로 나누어 하루에 한 번씩 경구투여 하였으며 고지방식이군(HFD)은 증류수를 투여하였다. HFD+POE 75군 및 HFD+POE 125군의 체중변화량은 유의적인 차이를 나타나지는 않았으나 식이효율은 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈중 ALT 함량은 HFD군에 비해 HFD+POE 125군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 AST 함량은 그룹 간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 실험식이 4주 때에 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 경구투여로 유의적으로 감소하였으나 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 심순환기 질환의 위험성을 나타내는 지표로 알려진 동맥경화지수와 심혈관위험지수는 고농도의 쇠비름 에탄올추출물 경구투여로 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과 고지방식이에 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 경구투여로 혈중 및 간장 중의 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지질이 저하되었는데 이는 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물이 고지혈증 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되나 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물의 어떤 성분에 의한 지질 저하효과를 나타내는지와 어떠한 기전에 의해 지질 저하효과를 나타내는지 보다 자세한 연구가 요구된다. This study was conducted for the antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea in high fat diet-induced obese mice after having injected the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea to the obese mice with high fat diet. The 30 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 and fed for 5 weeks to be obese with high fat diet. Thereafter, for 4 weeks, ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea was provided through oral injection to the 3 groups: control group (HFD), group injected with 75 mg/kg of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 75) and the group injected with 125 mg/kg of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). The serum and liver lipid and the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity were measured. The result showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain and feed intake, and the feed efficiency ratio was significantly low in the group provided with ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea. Serum total cholesterol was significantly low in the group of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). It appeared that all the groups provided with ethanol extract from Portulaca loeracea reduced plasma triglyceride significantly according to the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea dose. There was no dose dependency of HDL-cholesterol to the dose of ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea. LDL-cholesterol was low in the group dosed with high ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). There was difference of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid contents in liver. AI (atherogenic index) and CRF (cardiac risk factor) were significantly low in the group with high dose of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125). There was no difference of serum AST activity, however, serum ALT activity was significantly low in the group with high dose of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (HFD+POE 125).

<i>Portulaca oleracea</i> extracts and their active compounds ameliorate inflammatory bowel diseases <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> by modulating TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β signalling

Kim, Yesol,Lim, Hyung Jin,Jang, Hyun-Jae,Lee, Soyoung,Jung, Kyungsook,Lee, Seung Woong,Lee, Seung-Jae,Rho, Mun-Chual Elsevier 2018 Food Research International Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Portulaca oleracea</I> L. (<I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I>) is an herb that is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. However, its effects on inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are not yet well characterized. Here, we investigated the impact of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and ethanol (EtOH) extracts of <I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I> on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, the inhibitory effects of these extracts and fractions on 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis were examined using an ICR mouse model. DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, reduced colon length, and histological colon injury, was significantly ameliorated in mice fed the <I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I> extracts (200 and 500mg/kg). In particular, <I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I> extracts also inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and 1L-1β) production in mice with DSS-induced colitis; the <I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I> extracts displayed higher and/or similar inhibitory activity to sulfasalazine at high concentrations. Furthermore, the chemical structures of active compounds separated from the EtOAc extract of <I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I> were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (see Figure in supplementary materials), resulting in the identification of three known compounds. Among these active compounds, <I>cis</I>-<I>N</I>-feruloyl-3′-methoxytyramine (<B>2</B>) exhibited the strongest effects on preventing DSS-induced IBD in animal models. Thus, extract of <I>P</I>. <I>oleracea</I> and their active compounds represents a new therapeutic approach for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Portulaca oleracea</I> resulted in ameliorate of IBD </LI> <LI> Purification and characterization of <I>Portulaca oleracea</I> using HPLC and NMR </LI> <LI> <I>Portulaca oleracea</I> could be serve a natural anti-inflammatory material. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Portulaca oleracea의 생리활성과 항균활성

조영제,주인식,권오준,천성숙,안봉전,김정환 한국응용생명화학회 2008 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.51 No.1

The concentration of total phenolic compounds of the water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts form Portulaca oleracea were 3.05 μg/ml and 6.33 μg/ml, respectively. The total antioxidant activities of water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea were 89.2% and 72.9% in DPPH assay, 69.0% and 96.5% in ABTS assay, antioxidant protection factor of the water and 80% ethanol extracts were each 2.73 PF and 3.63 PF. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities were water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea were 20.2% and 38.7%. Portulaca oleracea showed high antimicrobial activites against Helicobater pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Streptococcus mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) on Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheichia coli and Streptococcus mutans were 200, 50, 100, 100 and 150 μg/ml, respectively. The result suggest that Portulaca oleracea extracts may be useful as potential source as antioxidant and antimicrobials. The concentration of total phenolic compounds of the water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts form Portulaca oleracea were 3.05 μg/ml and 6.33 μg/ml, respectively. The total antioxidant activities of water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea were 89.2% and 72.9% in DPPH assay, 69.0% and 96.5% in ABTS assay, antioxidant protection factor of the water and 80% ethanol extracts were each 2.73 PF and 3.63 PF. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities were water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts of Portulaca oleracea were 20.2% and 38.7%. Portulaca oleracea showed high antimicrobial activites against Helicobater pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Streptococcus mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) on Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheichia coli and Streptococcus mutans were 200, 50, 100, 100 and 150 μg/ml, respectively. The result suggest that Portulaca oleracea extracts may be useful as potential source as antioxidant and antimicrobials.

Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Portulaca Oleracea and its Constituents, a Review

Khazdair, Mohammad Reza,Anaeigoudari, Akbar,Kianmehr, Majid KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2019 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. Methods: Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. Results: P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, $IFN{\gamma}/IL-4$ and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also signifcantly decreased production of NO, stimulated ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.

염산-에탄올에 의해 유발된 흰쥐 위염에 대한 마치현의 항산화 작용

김재현 ( Chae Hyun Kim ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not a pretreatment with Portulaca oleracea has an antioxidant effect in HCl-ethanol induced gastric mucosal damage. Methods: We elucidated the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and two important constituents of antioxidant defense such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) in these effects. Results: The oral administration of crude extract from P. oleracea attenuated the gastritic lesion area, submucosal edema and hemorrhage, and mucosal necrosis induced by HCl-ethanol. The MDA levels of control group were higher than those in the rats given the P. oleracea pretreatment. While the GSH levels of control were decreased, the GSH activity on the gastric mucosal layer maintain normal level in rats given the Portulaca oleracea pretreatment before HCl-ethanol induced gastritis significantly increased. However, the SOD activites were not altered by P. oleracea. Conclusions: The administration of Portulaca oleracea have a protective antioxidant effect against the gastric lesion induced by HCl-ethanol and may therefore be a promising drug for gastritis and gastric ulcer.

Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Portulaca Oleracea and its Constituents, a Review

Mohammad Reza Khazdair,Akbar Anaeigoudari,Majid Kianmehr 대한약침학회 2019 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. Methods: Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. Results: P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased IFN-γ, IL-2, IFNγ/IL-4 and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of TNF-α, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also significantly decreased production of NO,stimulated β-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on β-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.

Protective Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. Extract against Matrix Metalloproteinase Production and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Induced by Ultraviolet B Radiation in Human Keratinocytes

Jung Hwan Oh(오정환),Fatih Karadeniz(파티 카라데니즈),Jung Im Lee(이정임),So Young Park(박소영),Youngwan Seo(서영완),Chang-Suk Kong(공창숙) 한국생명과학회 2018 생명과학회지 Vol.28 No.8

쇠비름(Portulaca oleracea.L)은 쇠비름과에 속하는 한해살이풀로서 리놀렌산과 같은 불포화지방산, 페놀성 화합물, 플라보노이드, 비타민 C, 미네랄 함량이 높은 것으로 보고되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 쇠비름 추출물을 이용하여 UVB를 조사한 인간각질형성세포에서 광노화 억제능을 확인하였다. Matrix metalloproteinases는 세포의 기질을 분해하는 효소로 MMP-1는 collagenase, MMP-2와 MMP-9는 gelatinases로 피부 진피층을 구성하는 type Ⅰ collagen을 분해시키는데 영향을 미친다. UVB를 조사한 인간각질형성세포에서 쇠비름 추출물을 처리했을 때 MMP-1, -2, -9의 발현이 감소하였으며, type Ⅰ procollagen의 발현은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쇠비름 추출물을 처리한 군에서 UV에 의한 ROS 생성이 감소하였는데 이는 Nrf-2의 활성화를 통한 항산화 인자 SOD-1과 OH-1의 발현 증가로 인해 세포내 ROS 생성이 감소한 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 쇠비름 추출물이 UVB를 조사한 인간각질형성세포에서 MMP 인자 및 항산화 인자의 발현 조절을 통해 광노화로부터의 세포 보호능을 가지는 것을 확인하였으며 나아가 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다. Portulaca oleracea L. is an edible plant widely consumed in daily diet throughout Europe, Asia and America. In this study, protective effects of P. oleracea L. extracts against oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation were investigated using HaCaT immortal human keratinocytes. In this context, the mRNA and protein productions of MMPs (MMP-1, -2, and -9) and type I procollagen, which are major markers of photoaging induced by UVB radiation in HaCaT keratinocytes, were evaluated. Furthermore, UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mRNA and protein expression levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), oxygenase-1 (OH-1), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), all of which are associated with the antioxidant balance, were investigated. As shown by the results, UVB radiation induced ROS formation and led to increased production of MMPs and decreased collagen production in human keratinocytes, which resulted in skin photoaging or photodamage. The treatment with P. oleracea L. extracts downregulated MMP (MMP-1, -2, and -9) production and upregulated type I procollagen expression in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Furthermore, treatment with the extracts decreased UVB-induced ROS generation and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD-1 and OH-1, through the Nrf-2 pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that P. oleracea L. extracts could be a potential cosmeceutical agent for the prevention of skin photoaging or photodamage.

쇠비름 물, 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성

김동규,신정혜,강민정 한국식품저장유통학회 2018 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Portulaca oleracea L., a species of Portulacaceae, is ubiquitous. It is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for removing heat, counteracting toxicity, cooling blood, and maintaining hemostasia; it is also used as antidysentery agent. This study investigated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of water and ethanol extracts from P. oleracea. The total polyphenol content (21.08±0.03 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (5.45±0.76 mg QE/g) of the ethanolic extracts were higher than those of the water extracts. The antioxidative activities were determined by evaluating the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and by the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the water extract (75.53%) was higher in those of the water extract (67.03%) at concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP of the ethanol extract were higher than those of the water extract. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the P. oleracea extracts in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly decreased with an increasing concentration of the extract. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis faction (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) were significantly lower in the ethanol extract than in the LPS alone treatment group. Based on these results, ethanolic extract from P. oleracea could be an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

RESEARCH ARTICLES : MADS-Box Genes Are Associated with the Petaloidy/Sepaloidy of Stamens in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Brassica

( Gopal Saha ),( Jong In Park ),( Hoytaek Kim ),( Kwon Kyoo Kang ),( Yong Gu Cho ),( Ill Sup Nou ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.1

MADS-box genes are well known for the ABC model of flower development. In this study, we investigated the expressions of A, B and C functions Brassica rapa MADS-box genes in different Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of B. juncea, B. oleracea, and their wild types. We observed two AP1-like (BjAP1 and BoCAL1), three PISTILLATA-like (PI-like; BjPI1, BoPI1, and BoPI2) and six AGAMOUS-like (AG-like; BjAGL1, BjAGL2, BjAGL3, BjAGL4, BoAGL1, and BoAGL2) genes to be altered their expressions in the CMS B. juncea and B. oleracea compared to their wild types. Partial and complete petaloidy in the third whorl (stamen) were observed of two CMS B. juncea lines J26 and J27, respectively. Besides, a sepaloidy structure was evident in the third whorl of CMS B. oleracea line 25053. Altered expressions of BjAP1 and BjPI1 in the fourth whorl (pistil) can be correlated with curved and robust stature of pistils in CMS B. juncea. Furthermore, an in silico protein interaction analysis revealed that AP-like, PI-like, and AG-like proteins are in close association with different MADS-box proteins and LEAFY (LFY), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), SEUSS (SEU), LEUNIG (LUG) for different floral organ development. We suggest that expressions of MADS-box genes might be dependent on mitochondrial signaling for cytoplasmic homeosis in CMS B. juncea and B. oleracea. The expression dataset on A, B, and C functions MADS-box genes of CMS and wild type B. juncea and B. oleracea presented in this study might be useful for the development of CMS in different Brassica species.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> Var. capitata L. (Cabbage) Methanol Extract in Mice with Contact Dermatitis

Lee, Youjung,Kim, Seoyoung,Yang, Beodeul,Lim, Chiyeon,Kim, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Hyungwoo,Cho, Suin Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2018 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.14 No.54

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Cabbage, <I>Brassica oleracea</I> var. capitata L., is one of the most common vegetables in the world. Because of its high levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins, cabbage has long been used as a herbal medicine. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cabbage were also recently been reported.</P><P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cabbage in mice with contact dermatitis (CD).</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>We investigated the effects of methanol extract of <I>B. oleracea</I> var. capitata L. (MEBO) on ear swelling, erythema, and histopathological changes in CD mice. Moreover, the effects on cytokine production and the spleen/body weight ratio were investigated.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Topical treatment with MEBO inhibited ear swelling and erythema significantly. MEBO also significantly inhibited epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of immune cells. Furthermore, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in inflamed tissues were effectively lowered by MEBO. Finally, MEBO did not affect body weight gain or spleen body weight ratio.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>These results indicate that cabbage can be used for the treatment of skin inflammation and that its anti-inflammatory activity is closely related to the inhibition of Th1 skewing reactions.</P><P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P><P>MEBO inhibited ear thickness, weight, and erythema in inflamed skin</P><P>MEBO also prevented epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of immune cells</P><P>The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in inflamed tissues were lowered by MEBO.</P></P> >[FIG OMISSION]</BR><P><B>Abbreviations used:</B> AOO: Acetone and olive oil (4:1), CBA: Cytometric bead array, CD: Contact dermatitis, DEX: Dexamethasone, DNFB: 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, ICAM-1: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, MEBO: Methanol extract of <I>Brassica oleracea</I>, MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1, NO: Nitric oxide.</P>