인천 일부 지역 초등학교의 정상 아동과 비만 아동 간의 식습관 및 비만 관련 요인 비교

홍선희(Sun-Hee Hong),김영아(Young-A Kim) 동아시아식생활학회 2009 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This study was performed in order to investigate the difference of general environment, life style, dietary behavior and food habit between the obese children and normal children. The number of subject was 98 obese children, 347 normal children. General characteristic was not significantly different, however father's BMI of obese children was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of normal children. There was significant difference between obese children and normal children in mother's office-closing hour (p<0.05). Normal children spent more time to play outdoor than obese children in their free time. Normal children slept over 8 hours, but obese children slept below 8 hours. Most of obese children (70.4%) ate too many times and most of obese children (72.4%) recognized their overweight. Parents of obese children considered that their children need to control their weight and correct their eating habits such as overeating. Obese children could not bear hunger and kept eating a meal until they feel full. Obese children preferred fried or broiled food. Therefore nutritional education is necessary to improve the food habits of obese children and to reduce the obesity rate of children.

Study of Factors Effecting Continuous Participation in Sports Activity Among Obese Children`s

( Jin Sun Choi ),( Kyung Sook Kim ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: This study is aimed at finding out the causing factor of obese children`s lack of continuing participation in sports. Method: For this research, we chose 6 children and 5 of their parents from S elementary school in Seoul who have participated in sports activity for obese children before, and we interviewed, observed, and reviewed the related documents. The result has been proved by triangulation, discussion with professionals, and examination by research participants. Through the method mentioned, we first categorized the causing factor of obese children lacking continuous sports participation into awareness and participation in sports, deficiency in sports participation, and experiment in sports activity and cause for change, and then we specified each factor. Result: First, the research participants had recognized the need of sports activity for change in their body shape, however, since this recognition was just focused on simple aesthetic perspective, it could not be lead to continuous involvement in sports activity. In the case of obese children, they recognized sports activity as a way to get slimmer and lose weight, and their parents focused on the same aspect. Also, the parents used their own exercise experiment as background knowledge. Moreover, the obese children preferred team sports activity to independent activity, and their sports activities are limited to amusement activities only. The fact that the parents did not show enough interest and attention to their children because of their inadequacy in sports activity, lack of will and laziness is also being an obstacle. Second, deficiency in sports activity is affected by their parents, peer group and limitation on their time. We found out that parents affect the start and continuance of obese children`s sports participation. The obese children started sports activity because of their parents, however, the parents did not care for the continuous participation. Even though the children got bored at sports activity, they could persist it if their parents gave enough attention to them. Another factor affecting the continuous participation activity is communication within their peer group. Children identify themselves and feel pleasure when they are getting along with their peer group. This means that participating in sports activity with their friends can positively affect obese children. Moreover, limitation upon their time such as studying and working out at the same time also affects the lack of sports activity of obese children. Third, participation in sports program and posterior change is classified as satisfaction after program, the influence of the instructor and the continuance of the sports program. Looking at the satisfaction factor, obese children satisfied with the change in their physical strength in their everyday life, however, they did not satisfy in their weight loss and their ability to work out. Also, factors such as deficiency of program, poor program contents, incomplete facility and indifference of the instructor are also considered as causes of dissatisfaction. Moreover, children felt disappointed when they did not see enough change after the participation whereas parents did not felt disappointment in this part. This is because the children belong to direct participant group and the parents belong to indirect participant group. Furthermore, the interaction between obese children and the instructor was counted as an important factor either. Children wanted more attention from the instructor, and the communication between them was a significant factor affecting continuous involvement of children. Besides, other factors such as time restriction, amusement, social communication between peer group and the contents of the sports program also affected the children`s continuous involvement in sports program. Conclusion: To sum up, to lead continuous participation in sports activity from obese children, the education regarding significance of sports activity is necessary and the parents should be educated either. Also, even weight loss is important for obese children, we should focus on adequate education considering both psychological and physical aspect of these children. Therefore, the school and local government should provide enough support for the program and activate systematic, long-term education policy for obese children.

Obesity and its association with diets and sedentary life style among school children in Seoul, Korea: Compliance with Dietary References Intakes for Koreans food guides

Aewha Ha 한국영양학회 2007 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.1 No.3

This study compared obese children’s food group intakes with the new Dietary References Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) food guides for 5th-6th grade school children. This study also determined the extent of sedentary life styles related with obesity in this area of children. This is a cross-sectional study of 799 school children. The dietitian sent a survey form describing the project and a questionnaire to the subject’s family. The questionnaire included child demographics, family history of chronic diseases, the daily servings of five food groups, such as grains, meat and beans, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. The daily or weekly hours of physical activity, television viewing, and computer usage were also surveyed. Obesity index (%) of the subjects was calculated, and children with an obesity index (%) equal to or greater than 20 were classified as the obese. Among the 799 participants, 50.7% were female. The percentages of the normal and the obese were 691 (86.5%) and 108 (13.5%) respectively. Obese children reported eating less vegetables (p<0.05), more high sugar snacks (p<0.05), and high fat snacks (p<0.05) than normal children. No significant differences in food servings of grains, meats and beans, and fruits, and dairy products between the normal and the obese were shown. Obese children reported fewer hours of physical activities (p<0.05) and more hours of computer usage (p<0.05) than normal children. Girls showed less likelihood of being obese (odds ratio, 0.575, CI (0.38, 0.87), p<0.05). More hours of physical activity significantly decreased the likelihood of being obese (odds ratio, 0.572, CI (0.35, 0.92), p<0.05). Family history of obesity almost doubled the likelihood of obesity in children (odds ratio, 2.653, CI (1.660, 4.241), p<0.05). In conclusion, frequent snacking, inadequate vegetable consumption, and sedentary lifestyle increased significantly the likelihood of obesity in children, which suggest that obesity intervention in this age group should focuse more on those variables.

정상체중아동과 비만아동의 생활습관과 정신건강비교

탁미자(Mi Ja Tak),문희(Hee Moon) 대한스트레스학회 2010 스트레스硏究 Vol.18 No.3

이 연구는 정상체중아동과 비만아동의 생활습관과 정신건강의 차이를 비교해 보고 학교에서 비만아동을 관리하는 데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 5개 초등학교 5∼6학년 학생들로 비만도 측정기준에 의거 정상체중아동 155명과 비만아동 151명이었다. 자료분석은 SPSS 15.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 빈도와 백분율, t-test와 교차분석, 일원변량분석과 피어슨 상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개인위생습관의 경우, 정상체중아동이 비만아동보다 더 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 식습관에서는 정상체중아동이 비만아동보다 더 긍정적이었으며, 셋째, 운동습관에서는 정상체중아동과 비만아동간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 정신건강에서는 정상체중아동이 비만아동보다 긍정적인 성향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 정상체중아동과 비만아동 모두 생활습관과 정신건강은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비만은 개인위생습관, 식습관 및 운동습관과 관련이 있기 때문에 아동기에 올바른 생활습관을 형성시켜 주는 것이 중요하다. The purpose of this research was to examine the difference of the life style and mental health between normal weight and obese children, and to present a more scientific data for efficient obesity management in school. The subjects for this research were 5th and 6th grade children from five elementary schools in a city. The subjects were 155 normal weight children and 151 obese children according to BMI. The data analysis was performed by the SPSS win 11.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. First, in personal hygiene habits, normal weight children have more better than obese children. Second, in dietary habits, normal weight children have more positive than obese children. Third, there was no significant difference between normal weight children and obese children. Fourth, in mental health, normal weight children have more positive than obese children. Fifth, both of normal weight children and obese children have relation in life style and mental health. As the result, right life style positive effect to mental health. Finally, the obesity related to personal hygiene habits, dietary habits, and exercise habits. So it is important to form a good life habit in childhood. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:255∼263)

일부 농촌지역의 어린이 비만과 가족특성과의 관계

배진순,이동배 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of obesity and to assess the relationship between obese children and their family Characteristics in a rural area in the Chung Cheong Nam Do province. Method : The children's height, weight and family characteristics of 327 5th and 6th grade elementary school students were obtained from the individual health records and self-recorded questionnaire surveys from June 25th to July 15, 2004. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of obesity of 5th and 6th grade of rural elementary school students was 10.5%. 2. 20.9% of obese children had obese family members and 9.4% of obese children did not have any obese family members. The birth order, family size and family structure showed no significantly difference. 3. The obese children were more affected by their parents' concerns of body image (upper quartile of 84.1) and exercise (upper quartile 61.4%) than normal children. However, there was no significantly increase with the parents' concerns about meals. 4. There was no relationship in the obese children by PBI. 5. There was no relationship in the obese children by FACES Ⅲ. Conclusion : The elevation of a parent's concern of their obese child about meal regulation should be investigated further.

비만아동의 자기효능감과 건강증진행위에 관한 연구

전제균,이정임,Jeon Jae-kyun,Lee Jung-im 대한물리치료학회 2002 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was conducted to examine obese children's self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior in order to provide basic information on prevention of children obesity. Data were collected in June, 2001 from 349 normal weight children and 351 obese children, who were fifth or sixth graders at 14 primary schools located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Ansan, chungju, and Gumi. The data were analyzed through using Chronbach's $\alpha$, frequency analysis, $X^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. The factor of children obesity was significantly different in the variables of sex, parents obesity, brother or sister obesity, father's occupation, level of living, health condition, and satisfaction level with their bodies. On the other hand, it was not significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, mother's occupation, level of father's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. 2. In the case of normal weight children, dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of level of father's concern about health and level of children's concern about health. In th case of obese children, the dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of grade, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, level of living, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. 3. In the case of normal weight children, personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and level of parents' concern about health. In the case of normal weight children, dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, level of living, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, sex, father's education level, mother's education level, and level of children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, level of parent' concern about health, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of sex, father's occupation, level of parents' conce

비만 소아에서 가족 및 생활습관과 비만과의 관련성 연구

홍영미 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2010 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.33 No.2

Purpose:Obesity, the most common health problem facing children, is known to have been ascribed to multifactors. Our research is aimed at finding out if there exists any relation of children’s obesity with their family and also with their daily habits. Materials and Methods:The study included 145 obese children and 44 non-obese children, who visited our pediatric clinic from January 2006 to December 2008. The children were divided into three groups according to body mass index(BMI)(group I:non-obese control children, group II:children with BMI between 85 and 94 percentile, group III:children with BMI above 95 percentile). Research was performed in three groups by measuring of body weight, height and questionnaires. Results:There was no significant difference in sex and age. The parental BMI of the obese children were higher than those of non-obese children. Obesity of children was more highly related to maternal BMI than partenal BMI. Birth weight and birth order in the obese children showed no remarkable difference from those of non-obese children. The sleeping hours of the obese children were much longer than those of non-obese children. Television viewing hours of the obese children showed no remarkable difference from those of non-obese children. Family members with group III children had many complications which developed from obesity. Conclusion:The development of obesity in children is attributed to the hereditary factors of their parents and daily habits such as sleeping hours. Therefore, family-based weight control is important to treat childhood obesity. 목 적 비만의 원인은 내분비적인 요소, 사회 환경적인 요소, 경제적 요소 등 많은 요소가 복합적으로 관련되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아 비만의 발생에 있어서의 가족 및 생활 습관과의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 2006년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 이화대학교 소아과를 방문한 비만 소아 145명과 정상 소아 44명 및 그들의 부모를 대상으로 하였다. 체질량지수에 따라 정상 소아를 1군(대조군), 체질량지수가 85 이상 95 백분위수 이하를 2군으로, 95 백분위수 이상을 3군으로 나누었다. 소아와 부모의 체질량지수를 측정하였고 출생 시 체중, 출생 순서, 수면 시간, 텔레비젼 시청시간, 비만에 합병된 질병의 가족력에 대한 설문조사를 모든 대상에서 실시하였고, 세군에서 각 관련 인자들을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 1) 아버지의 체질량지수는 I군, II군, III군에서 각각23.2±2.5 kg/m2, 24.0±3.4 kg/m2, 25.4±4.5 kg/m2으로, III군에서 정상아군에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 어머니의 체질량지수는 I군, II군, III군에서 각각 21.6±3.0kg/m2, 23.4±3.4 kg/m2, 24.0±3.8 kg/m2으로, II, III 군에서 정상아군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 2) 부모의 체질량지수와 소아의 체질량지수는 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 어머니의 체질량지수와의 더 높은 상관성을 보였다. 3) 소아의 출생 시 체중, 출생 순서는 정상아군과 유의한 차이가 없다. 4) 소아의 수면 시간은 III군에서 정상아군에 비해 유의하게 많았으며, 텔레비전 시청 시간과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) 비만아 가족에서 비만과 합병된 질환의 빈도는 고혈압(26.5%), 당뇨병(23.9%), 뇌졸중(7.7%), 심근경색증(6%), 고콜레스테롤혈증(3.4%)의 순으로 나타났다. 결 론 소아 비만의 발생은 부모의 유전적 요인과 매우 관계가 많았고, 비만아에서 정상 소아에 비해 수면 시간이 더 길었다. 따라서 가족 단위의 비만 관리가 필요하리라 생각한다.

한국 소아청소년의 비만 유병률 추이: 1997년과 2005년 비교

오경원,장명진,이나연,문진수,이종국,유명환,김영택 대한소아청소년과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.51 No.9

Purpose:The objective of this study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence and examine trends of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods:Height and weight measurements from 183,159 (112,974 in 1997, 70,185 in 2005) children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were obtained via the 1997 and 2005 National Growth Survey. Obesity among children and adolescents was defined as being at or above the 95th percentile of the gender-specific body mass index (BMI) for age in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts or a BMI of 25 or higher; overweight was defined as being at or above the 85th percentile to less than the 95th percentile BMI. Results:In 2005, 9.7% (11.3% for boys, 8.0% for girls) of South Korean children and adolescents were obese; 19.0% (19.7% for boys, 18.2% for girls) were overweight or obese. The overall prevalence of obesity increased from 5.8% in 1997 to 9.7% in 2005 (from 6.1% in 1997 to 11.3% in 2005 for boys and from 5.5% in 1997 to 8.0% in 2005 for girls); the increasing trend was most evident in boys, especially those aged 13-18 years. Conclusion:The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents increased significantly during the eight-year period from 1997 to 2005. This study suggests that we need to make a priority of developing strategies to control obesity in children and adolescents; the potential health effects of increases in obesity are of considerable public health importance. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:950-955) Purpose:The objective of this study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence and examine trends of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods:Height and weight measurements from 183,159 (112,974 in 1997, 70,185 in 2005) children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were obtained via the 1997 and 2005 National Growth Survey. Obesity among children and adolescents was defined as being at or above the 95th percentile of the gender-specific body mass index (BMI) for age in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts or a BMI of 25 or higher; overweight was defined as being at or above the 85th percentile to less than the 95th percentile BMI. Results:In 2005, 9.7% (11.3% for boys, 8.0% for girls) of South Korean children and adolescents were obese; 19.0% (19.7% for boys, 18.2% for girls) were overweight or obese. The overall prevalence of obesity increased from 5.8% in 1997 to 9.7% in 2005 (from 6.1% in 1997 to 11.3% in 2005 for boys and from 5.5% in 1997 to 8.0% in 2005 for girls); the increasing trend was most evident in boys, especially those aged 13-18 years. Conclusion:The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents increased significantly during the eight-year period from 1997 to 2005. This study suggests that we need to make a priority of developing strategies to control obesity in children and adolescents; the potential health effects of increases in obesity are of considerable public health importance. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:950-955)

학령전기 소아비만에 영향을 주는 영유아기 인자

박선주,문재원,김현지,조민정 대한소아청소년과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.51 No.8

Purpose:Childhood obesity is a problem that places a child at great risk for becoming an obese adult. To prevent obesity, it is important to focus on early life risk factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to find obesity-causing infantile risk factors in preschool children. Methods:A total of 223 children aged 3 to 5 years old from Busan were the subjects of this study. We calculated their body mass index (BMI) and classified them into two groups (normal weight and overweight/obese children). Information regarding parental weight and height, mother's educational level and employment status, birth weight, feeding patterns, start time of weaning, duration of night feeding, and fosterer was obtained by using questionnaires. Results:There were 68 (30.5%) overweight/obese children and 155 (69.5%) normal weight children. Overweight/obese children were significantly associated with formula milk feeding, rapid weight gain during the first 6 months, and maternal obesity (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in paternal obesity, mothers educational level and employment status, birth weight, start time of weaning, duration of night feeding, and fosterer between the normal and overweight/obese children. Conclusion:Although healthy diet and regular exercise will remain the cornerstones of weight management in obese children, our data supports the view that education about maintaining a normal weight could be introduced much earlier in families with high-risk children. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:804-811) Purpose:Childhood obesity is a problem that places a child at great risk for becoming an obese adult. To prevent obesity, it is important to focus on early life risk factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to find obesity-causing infantile risk factors in preschool children. Methods:A total of 223 children aged 3 to 5 years old from Busan were the subjects of this study. We calculated their body mass index (BMI) and classified them into two groups (normal weight and overweight/obese children). Information regarding parental weight and height, mother's educational level and employment status, birth weight, feeding patterns, start time of weaning, duration of night feeding, and fosterer was obtained by using questionnaires. Results:There were 68 (30.5%) overweight/obese children and 155 (69.5%) normal weight children. Overweight/obese children were significantly associated with formula milk feeding, rapid weight gain during the first 6 months, and maternal obesity (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in paternal obesity, mothers educational level and employment status, birth weight, start time of weaning, duration of night feeding, and fosterer between the normal and overweight/obese children. Conclusion:Although healthy diet and regular exercise will remain the cornerstones of weight management in obese children, our data supports the view that education about maintaining a normal weight could be introduced much earlier in families with high-risk children. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:804-811)

A Comparison of Obesity Prevalence between Korean-American Children and Korean Children

Sim Young-Ja,Kim Eun-Kyung,Park Kye-Wol,Kim Hee-Sun The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2006 Journal of community nutrition Vol.8 No.1

This study is to compare the prevalence of obesity between Korean-American children and Korean children, and to investigate the role of environmental factors in obesity development. Prevalence of child obesity is compared by their residence, parents' anthropometric data, education and occupation, and the length of immigration, and birth place of the children. A total of 593 children between the ages of 9 and 12 were examined. 262 Korean-American children (KcUS group) from New Jersey, USA and 331 Korean children (KcK group) from Seoul, Korea were compared. KcUS group showed a higher obesity rate (male: 12.6% and female: 8.2%), compared to KcK group (male: 8.0% and female: 5.1 %). KcK male children showed lower weight and prevalence of obesity than Korean-American male children who lived in the United States for more than three years. Korean-American female children had higher weight and obesity rate than Korean female children. Waist circumference and hip circumference were also higher in obese children in both KcK and KcUS groups. The children who live in America had an odds ratio of 1.69 to be obese compared to KcK, while those born in America and those who have lived in America for more than 3 years had odds ratios of 1.53 and 1.25 to be obese, respectively. This study found that environmental factors, immigration to America for instance, could playa bigger role in child obese development than the genetic factor.