국토환경성평가지도 자연성 평가기준 개선

송원경 ( Won Kyong Song ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ),전성우 ( Seong Woo Jeon ),박상호 ( Sang Ho Park ),이준 ( June Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2012 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is a five grade assessment map created with nationally integrated environmental information and environmental values. The map is made through the evaluation of 65 items, including greenbelt area and naturalness. Naturalness means original state of nature, and it is one of the most important evaluation items for conserving nature, The criteria of naturalness includes the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) made by MOE, Using the data which has been not updated is a problem of accuracy for ECVAM. Therefore, this study would like to improve the criteria of naturalness. To improve the criteria, the study examined the effectiveness of DGN using field survey. The results of analysis the naturalness without DGN, some area changed grade of naturalness have been already damaged or cleared for agriculture and industrial purposes. The grade of naturalness should be included the concept of vegetation transition like DGN. The study suggested a improved method using vegetation type (natural and planted forest), forest age, and the grade of vegetation conservation. The method was reviewed by experts and field survey. After applying the method in South Korea, the grade of naturalness were distributed evenly like GradeⅠ is 38.87%, GradeⅡ is 37.62%, GradeⅢ is 23.51%, respectively. From the results of field survey, over 4 grade of forest age in natural forest showed similar pattern of structure and composition in original forests. Therefore, the improved criteria explained the naturalness better than existing criteria, and the accuracy of ECVAM has been improved more.

도시자연공원의 보전 및 개발 계획을 위한 생태평가 방법의 적용 - 인천시 문학공원을 대상으로-

조우 대한국토·도시계획학회 2003 國土計劃 Vol.38 No.3

The purpose of this study is analyzing utilization possibility of ecological evaluation method for the conservation and development planning of urban natural park. The study site was Munhak Park of Incheon and the ecological evaluation items were vegetation status at main time point, flora, actual vegetation, biotope types, plant community structure, degree of green naturality and biotope analysis. Through the result of flora evaluation, I could grasp the urbanization effect by park surrounding development and using pressure. The biotope types turned out to be more useful data in park administration plan establishment than in the actual vegetation that is made out by vegetational physionomy since they include the attribution of vegetation stratum and importance, management state, environmental condition etc.. Plant community structure analysis could be utilized as data for presenting direction of vegetation administration. Analyzing biotope and green naturality degree made capacitate park conservation, restoration and development possibility area division possible. Also, biotope analysis was judged to be useful ecological evaluation method for urban area than green naturality degree. 키 워 드 도시자연공원, 식물상, 식물군집, 녹지자연도, 비오톱유형 평가Keywords Urban Natural Park, Flora, Plant Community, Degree of Green Naturality, Biotope Analysis

녹지훼손에 대한 대체녹지의 합리적 조성방안 Ⅱ

이양주,좌승희 경기연구원 2009 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2009 No.11

In Korea, degree of Green Naturality is one of the country's most representative map for environment conservation and assessment in land development. In addition to degree of Green Naturality, there are Biotope mapping, National Environmental Assessment mapping, Forestry form mapping, Actual Vegetation. It is certain that these kinds of map are good information and standards for decision making in terms of land development. However, we should consider diverse aspects of the district include environment assessment mapping. In this study, we conducted thoroughly green grade system and guidelines for preservation, literature review of publications linking related preceding research, inefficient development practices. So far, Environmental Impact Assessment and Prior Environmental Review System are key method for control developing plan. These two systems have many limitations such as assessment main agent, core item, particular evaluation system mainly focus on quantitative degree. Although many research issues for solve these problems, the focus of grade evaluation system still widely use because it's convenient in terms of administrative task. In this research, we analyze seven areas such as Dongtan land development in Hwaseong-si, Uheungdeok land development in Yongin-si, Yeongjong Aeaopolis in Inchoen-si, Handule land develoment in Inchoen-si, Goeup land development in Yangju-si, Suwan land deveopment in Gwangju-si and contrasting case of Pangyo land development in Seongnam-si. In case of Pangyo land development site, there are two opinions that conserve and develop degree of green naturality's high grade area. as a result, they set of a afforestation plan in development of respects and development project in conservation of respects through discussion and compensate about different opinions. So they finally make the resonable plan. In spite of existing the principal green axis, all land development sites carry out an operation except Pangyo. Consequently, ecological value has decreased such as green areas are fragmented and isolated. According to Environmental Impact Assessment guideline, green areas must conserve if it's value is 8 rating. Therefore, green axis has developed than 8 rating value area even if it is unresonable. As a result, first, evaluation should determine planning systhem rather than grade system. Subject maps are only reference material rather than absolute standard to conserve. Secondly, related subject map should integrate for better efficiency. Third, management agents should be unify. Local government has many difficulties to evaluate development projects in terms of the result of environmental impact assessment. Therefore, project evaluation should carry out through the federation of local government committee.

초등학교 남학생의 e-스포츠 참가정도와 중독성향이 인성에 미치는 영향

이연주(Yeon Ju Lee) 한국체육교육학회 2010 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 초등학교 남학생의 e-스포츠 참가정도와 중독성향이 인성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 밝히는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 모집단인 서울시 소재 초등학교 5, 6학년 남학생 중 251명의 표본을 유의표집(purposive sampling)법으로 추출하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 분석되었다. 통계분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과가 도출되었다. 첫째, 개인적 특성에 따라 초등학생들의 e-스포츠 참가정도와 중독성향 그리고 인성에는 부분적으로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 참가빈도와 강도가 5학년보다는 6학년이 높고, 학업성적이 좋은 학생들이 낮은 학생들보다 참가빈도와 강도가 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 초등학생들의 e-스포츠 참가정도는 인성에 부분적으로 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통계분석에 따르면 참가정도의 강도만이 지배성에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학생들의 e-스포츠 중독성향은 인성에 부분적으로 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 중독성향의 금단증세가 높은 학생일수록 활동성과 충동성이 높고, 내성이 높은 학생일수록 지배성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 e-스포츠게임은 초등학생들의 인성발달에 긍정적이기보다는 부정적인 영향이 강하다고 결론내릴 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of degree of elementary school students` participation in and addiction to e-sports on human nature. 251 subjects who were 5 or 6 grade male students at some elementary schools located in Seoul were collected for data analysis. The collected data was analysed by statistical programs for Windows such as SPSS 12.0 version. The results extracted from statistical analysis were as follows; First, personal characters made partially differences in the case of participation degree in e-sports, e-sports addiction and human nature. 5th grade students participated in e-sports more intensively and frequently than 6th grade students. Higher ranked students at the school record participated in e-sports more intensively and frequently than lower ranked students. Second, the degree of participation in e-sports negatively affected human nature. More intensively participating students had lower dominating nature to their friends. Third, e-sports addiction of elementary male students negatively affected human nature. From the analyses above, we could insist that e-sports more negatively affect human nature of elementary male students than positively.

산악형 국립공원의 구역 및 용도지구계획에 대한 문제점 개선을 위한 기초적 연구

배병호(Bae Byung Ho) 한국산림휴양복지학회 2001 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.5 No.1

친환경적인 개발을 위한 환경성검토 강화방안 -경기도 남양주시 개발예정지를 대상으로-

김정호 ( Jeong Ho Kim ),이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 2002 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.15 No.1

변산반도국립공원의 귀화식물 분포특성 및 관리대책

오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ),임동옥 ( Dong Ok Lim ),김용식 ( Young Shik Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2009 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.23 No.2

변산반도국립공원에서의 귀화식물은 24과 65속 83종 3변종 2품종으로 총 88종류가 확인되었다. 조사된 귀화식물을 유형별로 구분해보면, 생활형에는 1년생 초본이 38종류(43.2%)로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 다년생 초본이 28종류(31.8%), 2년생 초본이 19종류(21.6%)로 구분되었다. 또한 목본 중 교목에는 아까시나무와 가죽나무가, 관목에는 족제비싸리가 확인되었다. 원산지별로는 유럽에서 이입된 종류가 26종류(37.1%)로 가장 많이 확인되었으며, 그 다음으로 북아메리카에서 이입된 종류가 23종류(32.8%)로 구분되었다. 또한 귀화도별로는 귀화도 3의 귀화식물이 28종류(31.8%)로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 귀화도 1의 귀화식물이 8종류(9.1%)로 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 이입시기별로는 기입 1기가 39종류(44.3%)로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이입 2기가 16종류(18.2%)로 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 귀화식물 271종류에 대한 본 연구대상지의 도시화지수는 32.5%로 분석되었으며, 생태계교란야생식물인 돼지풀이 확인되었다. 돼지풀은 꽃가루 알레르기를 일으켜 인체에 피해를 주는 식물로서 변산반도국립공원 전 지역에 침입하여 분포하였다. 따라서 이에 대한 장기적인 모니터링을 통한 지속적인 관리대책이 필요하며, 이입된 귀화식물의 생태적인 특성을 파악하고 체계적인 관리방안이 요구된다. The naturalized plants in the Byeonsanbando National Park were listed 88 taxa composed of 24 families, 65 genus, 83 species and 3 varieties and 2 forms by field survey. The naturalized plants divided into pattern by survey of annual plants ratio is 38 taxa (43.2%) by life form spectrum and perennials is 28 taxa (31.8%), biennials is 19 taxa (21.6%), two trees (Robinia pseudoacacia, Alianthus altissima) and one shrub (Amorpha furticosa) were founded. According to analysis results form place of origin, Europe covered 26 taxa (37.1 %), North America covered 23 taxa (32.8%). Naturalized degree 3 plants, as common but not abundant, founded as 28 taxa (31.8%) were hold most highly ratio, naturalized degree 1 plants founded as 8 taxa (9.1%) were hold lowest. Introduction period 1 covered 39 taxa (44.3%) have had highest score and period 2 covered 16 taxa (18.2%) have had lowest scores. In addition, the urbanization index based on 271 taxa was 32.5% and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia is growing by ecosystem disturbing wild plants. Meanwhile, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia have confirmed into district of introduction in the Byeonsanbando National Park were damage the human body of plants develop an allergy to pollen. Therefore, management counterplan of the sequel of monitoring them might be required, introduction into naturalized plants are grasp of ecological characteristics and systematical management plan from this point of time by require.

경주국립공원 문화재지정구역의 귀화식물 현황 및 관리방안

윤정원 ( Jung Won Yoon ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ),이명훈 ( Myung Hoon Yi ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),성정원 ( Jung Won Sung ),박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),이창현 ( Chang Hyun Lee ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.4

경주국립공원 문화재지정구역에 분포하는 귀화식물은 총 14과 40속 45종 1변종 등 총 46분류군을 확인하였다. 귀화식물을 유형별로 구별해보면, 생활형은 1년생 초본이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 다년생 초본이 16분류군 (34.8%), 2년생 초본이 11분류군(23.9%), 목본이 2분류군(4.3%)로 나타났다. 원산지 별로는 유럽이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 북아메리카에서 이입된 종이 16분류군(34.8%)으로 나타났다. 또한 귀화도는 3등급이 18분류군(40.9%)으로 가장 높다. 귀화식물 321분류군에 대한 본 연구대상지의 도시화 지수는 14.3%이며, 지구별 도시화 지수는 남산지구가 8.1%로 가장 높다. 경주국립공원은 사적형 공원으로 문화재가 매우 중요하나, 문화재 주변의식재 및 관리 또한 중요하다. 따라서 귀화식물의 경우 장기적인 모니터링과 생태적인 특성을 파악하여 체계적인 관리방안이 요구된다. The naturalized plant species in Gyeongju National Park was summarized as 46taxa including 14 families 40 genus 45 species 1 varieties. Among them, annual herbaceous species was 17taxa (37%) which is grouped as the biggest proportion and 16taxa (34.8%) for perennial herbaceous species and 11taxa (23.9%) for biannual herbaceous species and 2taxa (4.3%) for tree species. European origin was the biggest proportion as 17taxa (37%), and 16% (34.8%) from North America. The degree of naturalization (DoN) was the biggest for Degree III, V as 18taxa (39.1%). Regarding 321 naturalized plant species, the Urbanization Index in the studied area was 14.3%. The Namsam District showed 8.1% which is the highest DoN in the studied districts within the Gyeongju National Park. As the cultural properties is important in the Gyeongju National Park as a representatives for historical sites in Korea, planting and its management in the cultural properties is important tasks. The naturalized plant species in the studied area should be reasonably management.

재해시 학교시설의 환경적 지각 정도에 따른 학생의 활동제한의 분석

민창기(Min, Chang-Kee) 한국교육시설학회 2006 敎育施設 Vol.13 No.4

This study is about an analysis of the relation between the degree of cognition of student's acts within limits when coping with several types of disaster and the degree of cognition of damage by disasters in the method of multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable is the degree of cognition of student's acts within limits and the independent variable is the degree of cognition of damage by disasters such as heavy snow, typhoon, heavy rain, heat, and yellow sand. A survey of graduates of metropolitan area high-schools has found that there are no difference between girls and boys of the degree of cognition of student's acts within limits when coping with disasters. This study finds that the independent variable, which are playgrounds, animals and plants, streets and roads, altitude and incline, gives positive effect to the degree of cognition of student's acts within limits when coping with typhoon or heavy rain in order. The study also finds that the degree of cognition of student's acts within limits when coping with heavy snow is affected positively by streets and roads, playgrounds, altitude and incline in order. It also shows that there are factors that has an effect to the degree of cognition of student's acts within limits when coping with yellow sand and heat. This study proposes suggestions to facility plans based on these facts discovered.

양이온화 뉴레이온(코셀) 직물의 천연염색에 관한 연구- 오배자를 중심으로 -

김하연,이신희 한국의류산업학회 2019 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.21 No.3

This study investigated the substantivity of anionic dyes for cationic-modified new rayon (cocell) fabric treated with cationic agent (CA), 3-(Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (CA). We also investigate the dyeability of cationic-modified new rayon fabric after dyeing with gallut. CA was converted in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide into epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride. Treating with this epoxy reagent modified the hydroxyl groups of the new rayon fabric into the trimethylammonium group through ether linkage. The introduction of new cationic sites into new rayon fabric by pretreating with cationic agent improved the substantivity of the Gallnut dye with the new rayon dyebath. The degree of the cationization of cationic-modified new rayon and cotton fabric was evaluated by nitrogen (N) content. This study extracted the colorant of gallnut with hot water at 90oC and 120 min. Cationic-modified new rayon fabric dyed with extracted solution from gallnut according to concentration of gallnut, dyeing temperature, dyeing time and concentration of cationic agent. Dyeability (K/S) was obtained by CCM observation after dyeing with gallut solution. In addition, fastness to washing and light were also investigated. The degree of crystallinity of new rayon and cotton fabric were 42.15% and 54.94%, respectively. N (%) content of cationic-modified new rayon was higher than the cationic-modified cotton. Dyeability (K/S) increased significantly with the increasing concentration of CA and gallut.