산촌생태마을 운영프로그램 실태분석

곽경호(Kyung Ho KWAK),서정원(Jeong-Weon SEO) 한국산림휴양학회 2011 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 산촌생태마을 운영위원장을 대상으로 체험프로그램, 소득시설 및 공동시설의 관리, 홍보·마케팅현황에 대하여 설문조사를 하여 실태를 분석하고, 개선방향을 제시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 산촌생태마을의 체험프로그램의 중요도는 산채체험(74%), 농사체험(66%), 음식체험(66%), 친수체험(47%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 산촌문화체험(16%)과 특산공예체험(16%)은 낮게 나타났다. 마을의 소득시설로는 마을에서 생산되는 산채류, 버섯류 등 임산물과 소득 작물의 가공시설이 주로 운영되고 있었으며, 공동시설의 경우 마을의 숙박시설이나 마을회관 리모델링을 통해 체험관 및 단체숙박 시설로 활용하고 있었다. 산촌생태마을 홈페이지 운영은 자체 홈페이지 운용(44%), 정보화마을 홈페이지 활용(38%)의 순서로 나타났다. 대중매체 활용도는 6회 이상 신문 및 공중파 방송에 게재된 마을은 33%를 차지하였다. 마을축제와 이벤트의 개최는 63%를 차지하였고, 주로 마을의 농·임산물, 마을 전래문화, 마을 경관을 주제로 하는 경우가 많았다. 향후 산촌생태마을 운영의 개선방향은 다음과 같다. (1) 체험프로그램의 운영에 있어서 산촌문화, 향토음식과 특산공예체험 등 산촌의 독특한 문화적 배경을 바탕으로 한 체험프로그램의 차별화가 필요하다. 홍보·마케팅에 대한 산촌매니저에 역할 강화를 위한 정보화 교육이 요구된다. (2) 산촌생태마을 소득 및 공동시설의 관리는 기본설계 단계에서부터 마을의 핵심 사업을 선정하고 이를 위한 시설의 적정성과 투자 우선순위에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요하다. 마을개발 및 지역개발 전문가를 지정하여 산촌마을의 멘토로 선정하고 이들의 활동을 지원하여 민(마을)·관(중앙 및 지자체)·전(전문가)이 협력할 수 있도록 체제구축이 요구된다. (3) 인근지역 내에 산촌생태마을을 서로 연계하여 운영의 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 조직의 육성과 지역의 체험전문인력을 양성할 수 있도록 지원이 필요하다. 또한, 산촌생태마을을 활성화하고, 공동홍보 및 도시와 산촌의 교류지원 등 인력 지원육성이 이루어지도록 지도·교육이 필요하다. This study, based on the survey of management directors of mountain eco-villages, analyzes the management status of experience programs, promotion·marketing, earning facilities and public facilities of operational program for mountain eco-villages and introduces some improvement directions. Main findings are as follows: The experience programs of mountain eco-villages, rated from highest to lowest, were herbs and vegetables program(74%), farming program(66%), food program(66%), water program(47%). On the other hand, cultural mountain village program(16%) and indigenous craft program(16%) were the ones that ranked the lowest. The website management among mountain eco-villages was done by self-operation(44%) and by using digital community website(38%). The number of mass media utilization was more than 6 times and the percentage of villages that were published in news papers and/or national broadcasting was 33%. Also, the percentage of community festival and events was 63% and most of them were about farm and forest products, traditional custom and scenery of local villages. As for income facilities, the majority were processing plants for economic crops and forest products such as herbs, vegetables, and mushrooms. In case of public facilities, accomodations and community halls were remodeled and used as theme parks and/or lodges. The following are improvement directions for mountain eco-village management: (1) It is necessary for experience programs to be differentiated by having distinctive cultural backgrounds contents, such as cultures, food, and crafts of mountain villages. The promotion and marketing strengthens the digital eduction of mountain village managers. (2) The management of earning and public facilities of mountain eco-village should select its core business from the basic construction stage. Thorough evaluation of facilities' optimal level and investment priority is also necessary. Also, by electing village and community development experts as mentor for mountain villages, the system construction that enables village, central·local governments, and experts to cooperate is required. (3) In order to foster management organizations and increase the professional manpower of experience programs, the support through networking mountain eco-villages within the local district is necessary. In order to achieve the manpower support, such as revitalization of mountain eco-village, joint promotion and exchange between urban cities and mountain villages, the direction and education is required.

산촌생태관광 도입에 관한 산촌방문객의 인식과 요구 조사

김예지 ( Kim Ye-ji ),김종호 ( Kim Jong-ho ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2018 한국산림과학회지 Vol.107 No.2

본 논문은 산촌지역 방문객을 대상으로 산촌생태관광에 대한 인식 및 요구를 파악하기 위해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 새로운 산촌 정책으로 산촌생태관광을 도입하기 위한 타당성 조사로 산림청의 산촌지역 내 산촌생태마을과 농림축산 식품부의 농촌체험휴양마을을 포함한 57개 산촌 마을의 방문객 439명을 대상으로 2015년 6월 17일부터 9월 17일까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용한 개별면접 설문을 실시하였다. 주요 분석 결과, 산촌생태관광 참여의향에 대하여 Likert 5점 척도로 살펴본 결과, 평균 3.65점으로 산촌생태관광 도입에 대하여 긍정적으로 인식하였으며, 방문횟수는 1년에 1회(44.6%), 1년에 2회(30.1%) 순으로 선호하였다. 또한 희망 방문지역으로 강원도(44.8%)를 가장 많이 응답하였으며, 지불의향은 평균153,320원으로 나타났다. 산촌생태관광 요구사항으로 지역관광 연계 상품 개발(평균 3.99점), 산촌생태관광 프로그램 개발(평균 3.96점) 순으로 응답하였다. 위의 결과들은 산촌생태관광의 가치에 대한 국민들의 인식 강화와 산촌생태관광의 매력성 증대를 위한 소프트웨어 발굴이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. 이에 따라 산촌생태관광은 지속가능한 산촌이 되기 위한 수단으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study was carried out to investigate the recognition and requirements of mountain eco-tourism by surveying mountain villages’visitors. As a feasibility study to introduce new eco-tourism policies, the individual interview survey was conducted from June 17, 2015 to September 17, 2015 targeting 439 visitors in 57 mountain villages, where the Korea Forest Service designated them as mountain eco-villages and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs has been operating the rural experience and recreation village business. As a result of the major analysis, the respondents’intention to participate in mountain eco-tourism was 3.65 by Likert 5-point-scale and the respondent’s most preferred the number of visits was once a year(44.6%) or twice a year(30.1%). Also, the most preferred region was Gangwon-do(44.8%) and the average amount of expense willing to pay was 153,320 won. Lastly, the respondents said they expect development of regional tourism product(M=3.99) and mountain eco-tourism program(M=3.96) by requirements for mountain eco-tourism. This result shows that it is necessary to inspire public awareness regarding the value of mountain eco-tourism and to develop new policies or programs making people more attracted to mountain villages. Thus, it means that mountain eco-tourism can be utilized as a way to steer sustainable mountain village.

산촌생태관광 도입에 관한 산촌주민의 인식 및 요구에 대한 연구

김종호,김예지,Kim, Jong-Ho,Kim, Ye-Ji 한국산림과학회 2017 한국산림과학회지 Vol.106 No.3

본 연구에서는 산촌주민의 산촌생태관광에 관한 인식 및 요구를 파악하기 위해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 내용은 산촌생태관광 도입의견, 주민 참여의향, 정책추진 유형, 산림청에 대한 요구사항, 기대효과 등에 관한 사항으로 구성하였다. 조사 대상 및 방법은 산림청에서 조성한 33개 산촌생태마을과 농림축산식품부에서 조성한 산촌진흥지역 내 농촌체험휴양마을 24개 마을의 마을주민 346명을 대상으로 2015년 6월 17일부터 9월 17일까지 개별면접 설문을 실시하였다. 주요 분석 결과로 산촌생태관광 도입 의견에 대한 설문에 86.7%가 찬성한다고 응답하였고, 산촌생태관광 도입 시 78.3%가 참여의향을 나타냈다. 또한 산촌생태관광 정책 수립 시 응답자의 42.2%가 산림청 연관부처 지자체가 협력하여 추진해야 한다고 응답했으며, 산촌생태관광 도입 시 지원해야할 요구사항은 환경 및 시설과 관련하여 휴양시설 설치가 60.4%, 프로그램 및 서비스 관련하여 산촌생태관광 프로그램 개발에 67.6%로 각각 높게 나타났다. 산촌생태관광 도입을 통한 기대효과에 86.1%가 산촌방문객 증가로 산촌활성화에 도움을 줄 것이라 응답하였다. 본 연구는 산촌생태관광 정책수립 시 주민들의 인식 및 요구를 수렴할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. This survey was conducted to study the mountain village residents' needs and awareness of eco-tourism. The survey included opinions about introducing Eco-tourism, Residents' willingness to join, types of policies to push forward, requirements to Korea Forest Service and expected outcomes. 346 residents were selected for this survey from 33 mountain eco-villages established by Korea Forest Service and 24 rural experience villages established by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and they respectively participated in this survey through interview from June $17^{th}$ 2015 to September $17^{th}$ 2015. As a result of major analysis, the survey showed that 86.7% of residents were in favor of the introduction of mountain village eco-tourism and 78.3% of those questioned showed the willingness of their participation of the program. Also 42.2% of respondents reacted positively that Korea Forest Service, associated administration agency and local government should be cooperated when the policies are established. 60.4% of respondents said they expect installment of recreational facilities and 67.6% said they expect development of eco-tourism program, which were respectively the highest rate as the requirements to be supported when the eco-tourism program are introduced. 86.1% said that increasing visitors will help mountain villages more revitalized as eco-tourism is introduced. This research is expected to provide information when making the mountain eco-tourism policy in the future.

산촌개발사업 참여주민의 운영 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

김예지,이수광,김성학,고아랑 한국산림휴양복지학회 2020 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.24 No.1

This study aimed to examine current operational conditions of 312 Mountain Eco-villages, which had been projected by Korea Forest Service from 1995 to 2013 to revitalize mountain villages, so as to create methods to improve the operational practices. Although Korea Forest Service has been annually conducting its own survey on the operational conditions of Mountain Eco-villages, the survey has not been able to scrutinize the real operational conditions evaluated by locals since the survey is limited to basic features such as the information of related organizations and managers. Hence, from March to September 2019, our research team interviewed operation directors and managers of 17 Mountain Eco-villages and after that, using phenomenological approach, determined current operational conditions of Mountain Eco-villages and created methods to improve them. Being semi-structured, the interviews entailed the operational conditions, facility utilization statuses, local engagements, and local demands about related policies. As a result, it was divided into 64 meaning units, 28 integrated meaning units, and 11 essential structures, including specifics such as ‘Difficulty in running Mountain Eco-village projects(profit, infra, human resource, legal infrastructure)’, ‘Difficulty in coordinating with the central government and the local government(government projects, relationship with the local government, licensing system)’, ‘Difficulty in utilizing forest·local resources(funding, visitors&locals, environment, technology)’ The result of this study demonstrates the practical difficulties regarding operation of Mountain Eco-villages and is expected to be used as base data for operational improvement of Mountain Eco-villages and setting the new strategy to revitalize them. 본 연구는 산림청이 산촌 활성화를 위하여 1995년부터 2013년까지 추진한 312개 산촌생태마을의 운영 개선방안 도출을 위한 현재의 운영 실태 파악을 목적으로 수행되었다. 매년 산림청은 산촌생태마을의 운영 실태에 대하여 자체 조사를 실시하고 있으나, 조사내용이 사업체 및 운영자 정보 등 기초적인 성격으로 현장에서 주민들이 실제로 체감하고 있는 운영에 대한 면밀한 실태 파악에 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2019년 3월부터 9월까지 17개 산촌생태마을의 운영위원장, 운영매니저와 면담조사를 실시하고, 현상학적 연구방법을 적용하여 산촌생태마을 운영 실태와 개선방안을 도출하였다. 면담내용은 산촌생태마을 시설 활용 및 운영실태, 주민참여 현황, 정책 요구사항 등으로 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 그 결과 64개의 의미단위, 28개의 의미단위 통합, 11개의 의미단위 본질구조로 구분되었으며, 세부적으로는 ‘산촌생태마을 사업 운영의 어려움(소득창출, 인프라, 인적자원, 제도적 기반), 정부 및 지자체와 협력의 어려움(정부사업, 지자체와의 관계, 정부 인허가), 산림·지역자원 활용의 어려움(자금, 방문객·주민, 환경, 기술)’이 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 현재 산촌생태마을이 처한 실제적인 운영의 어려움을 반영해주며, 산촌생태마을 경영 개선 및 재도약을 위한 전략 수립에 근거할 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

산촌생태마을 운영매니저의 역할에 대한 인식 특성 분석- 역량강화교육 개선을 중심으로

김성학 ( Seong Hak Kim ),서정원 ( Jeong Weon Seo ) 한국농촌계획학회 2013 농촌계획 Vol.19 No.2

The importance of human resources empowerment for operation and management is increasing for sustainable effects and improvement in mountain eco village development projects. This study aimed to understand the cognition characteristics of operator who works for mountain eco villages as part of the mountain village development and to suggest improvement methods in empowerment training aspects. The survey contained operator’s empowerment and operator systems in mountain eco villages and the results were analyzed for the study. Operators who joined the mountain eco village operator training course by Korea Forest Service were conducted the survey on March 12th~13th in 2012 and March 13th~15th in 2013. 69 and 58 of questionnaires were collected respectively and analyzed for the study. T-test was applied to Intergroup cognition difference and regression analysis was used for influential factors in necessity of operator’s role. Collected data was analyzed by statistical package programme SPSS 18.0 version. According to the comparison of empowerment cognition with contingent upon training experience, ‘harmony with residents’ showed significantly difference at p<0.05 level. In the recognition comparison for prospect of future mountain eco village development, ‘various training experiences’ was significantly difference at p<0.01 level between positive and negative prospect group. Regression analysis revealed that ‘communication with village leader’, ‘harmony with residents’, and ‘idea related to the project’ have an effect on necessity of operator’s empowerment significantly. Based on the results, the study suggests improved directions for operator’s empowerment training as a horizontal leader who conduces a mountain village.

산림휴양자원과 산촌생태마을 연계프로그램 운영 방안 연구

서정원,이정민,김의경,김성학 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.1

본 연구는 산림휴양자원과 산촌마을 연계를 통한 산촌마을의 활성화를 위해 자연휴양림 이용객을 마을로 유인하기 위한 핵심 요소 분석을 실시하고 산촌 활성화를 위한 연계프로그램 도출을 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 주요 내용은 다음의 세가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 국내·외 산림휴양자원과 산촌생태마을과의 연계 실태 파악을 위해 산촌정책의 전개과정 및 자연휴양림의 특성을 살펴보았다. 또한 현황에 대한 실증 분석을 위해 자연휴양림과 연계되어 있는 산촌생태마을이 하나의 단위로 구성되는 9개의 조사지를 선정하였고 문제점 및 잠재력 확인을 위해 조사대상지 9곳의 자연휴양림 운영 담당자와 산촌생태마을 운영관계자 24명을 대상으로 심층면접을 수행하여 문제점 분석을 실시하였다. 둘째, 일본의 산림휴양자원과 산촌마을 연계 사례 조사를 수행하고 한국과 일본의 산림휴양자원 연계형 프로그램의 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 셋째, 분석된 내용에 기반한 산림휴양자원과 산촌마을의 연계 프로그램 운영 방안을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze core elements to attract natural recreation forest users to villages and to create connected programs for revitalizing mountain villages so that activation through connecting mountain village recreation resources and mountain villages can be accomplished. Main contents of this study can be summarized as the followings. First, to understand mountain village recreation resources and their connectedness to mountain villages in Korea and in foreign countries, we explored development process of mountain village policy and characteristics of natural recreation forests. Also, to empirically analyze current situations, we selected 9 research locations that natural recreation forest and a mountain village are connected as one unit, then conducted in-depth interviews with personnel in charge of operating natural recreation forests to confirm issues and potentials, and then conducted analysis. Second, we conducted case study on connectedness between mountain recreation resources and mountain villages in Japan and conducted comparative analysis on connected programs between forest recreation resources and mountain villages in Korea and Japan. Third, we proposed an association of forest recreation resources and program management plan, based on the analysis of the contents mountain village.

산촌생태마을 운영실태와 활성화 방안 연

곽행구 전북대학교 휴양및경관계획연구소 2014 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 전남지역의 산촌생태마을의 운영실태와 문제점을 분석하여 향후 여건변화에 따른 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 전남지역의 산촌생태마을은 1996년 곡성 원달마을을 시작으로 2010년까지 24개 마을이 조성되 었다. 2011년부터는 산촌생태마을 조성사업은 어촌종합개발사업, 농촌마을 종합개발사업과 함께 권역단위 종합정비사 업으로 통합되어 추진되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 2010년까지 조성된 전남지역의 24개 마을을 대상으로 문헌조사, 현지조사를 통해서 운영 실태를 파악하였다. 산촌마을의 문제점으로는 인구감소와 고령화로 인하여 산촌에서의 농업의 활력이나 마을기능이 저하되었고 이로 인해 노동력 부족으로 산촌경작지나 자연환경에 대한 경관창출 및 환경정비가 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 시설중심의 생활환경개선과 생산기반조성사업에 집중적으 로 투자됨으로 지역 관광 활성화를 위한 소프트웨어 중심 계획이 미비한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 시설에 대한 인력부족이나 전문성 미비로 유지관리나 운영관리 이용이 저조하거나 관리가 부실한 것으로 나타났고, 시설중심의 체험프로그램 운영과 주변 지역자원과의 연계성 미비로 숙박과 체험시설 위주의 단순한 프로그램 운영으로 생산이나 생활, 전통문화에 대한 프로그램이 미흡한 것으로 조사되었다. 이에 문제점을 토대로 산촌생태마을 활성화 방안을 다음과 같이 제안하였다. 첫째, 산촌다움의 유지 및 복원을 위한 산촌경관 재생이다. 둘째, 산촌의 지역성을 창조하는 생활과 생산문화 재생이다. 셋째, 지역기반형 운영 프로그램 개발이다. 넷째, 건강지향형 지역특화산업과 융·복합이다. 다섯째, 지역자원과 연계한 그린투어리즘 전개이다. 여섯째 수요 중심의 홍보마케팅 강화이다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status and problems of operating mountain eco-villages in the Jeonnam area and to determine methods to help the villages adjust to new conditions. A total of 24 eco-villages had been built in the Jeonnam area by 2010, beginning with the Gokseong Wondal Village in 1996. Since 2011, the mountain eco-village construction project has been jointly promoted with the rage sphere unit comprehensive maintenance project, comprehensive fishing village development project, and agricultural village development project. Thus, this study uses field investigations and a literature review of villages in the Jeonnam area to examine the overall revitalization plan for mountain eco-villages. Environmental maintenance remains a core problem for mountain villages: both the natural environment and arable land have suffered due to a shortage of manpower resulting from decreased population and an aging society. In addition, a software-centered plan for revitalization of the local tourist industry remains incomplete due to concentrated investment in facility-centered improvements. Furthermore, it is evident that facilities have been underutilized because of poor operational management and maintenance. Also, programs devoted to manufacturing and traditional culture have been ineffective due to a lack of connectivity with surrounding areas. To address the problems noted above, the following agenda is proposed for revitalization of mountain eco-villages. First, landscapes must be maintained and regenerated. Second, it is important to regenerate the production culture and general lifestyle of each eco-village in order to underscore their unique character. Third, region-based operation programs must be put into place. Fourth, a convergence between the project and each region’s health-oriented specialized industry must be acknowledged. Fifth, it is desirable to develop green tourism in connection with regional resources. Finally, it is necessary to enhance public relations and marketing plans.

사회적 경제 지원을 통한 산촌생태마을 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

김성학,서정원 한국농촌계획학회 2014 농촌계획 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to develop promotion strategies for revitalizing mountain eco-villages through social economic support. In order to fulfill this purpose, this study analyzed operation conditions, income creation structures of 240 mountain eco-villages formed by Korea Forest Service, and reviewed systems for social economic support. As summarized in research outputs, this study confirmed that the activities of organizations for joint projects had not been properly implemented due to the absence of supporting systems following the construction of mountain eco-villages. In addition, 159 villages formed as experience villages could not be qualified for enterprise systems due to aging population and absence of network systems. As for income creation, as indicated by comparing net incomes for joint projects calculated based on the classification of village management evaluation, the average net income of 51 highly-rated villages was 22 million Won and that of 128 moderately-rated villages was 3.5 million Won. Experience-based projects and the sales of processed forestry products made by young adult associations or women's societies were major sources of income, and the absence of inner economic bases or villages' jobs caused young adults and returned farmers to focus on working for outside economic activities. Finally, this study developed strategies for mountain eco-village's social economic promotion and suggested four stages of social economic revitalization provisions.

사회적 경제 지원을 통한 산촌생태마을 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

김성학 ( Seong Hak Kim ),서정원 ( Jeong Weon Seo ) 한국농촌계획학회 2014 농촌계획 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to develop promotion strategies for revitalizing mountain eco-villages through social economic support. In order to fulfill this purpose, this study analyzed operation conditions, income creation structures of 240 mountain eco-villages formed by Korea Forest Service, and reviewed systems for social economic support. As summarized in research outputs, this study confirmed that the activities of organizations for joint projects had not been properly implemented due to the absence of supporting systems following the construction of mountain eco-villages. In addition, 159 villages formed as experience villages could not be qualified for enterprise systems due to aging population and absence of network systems. As for income creation, as indicated by comparing net incomes for joint projects calculated based on the classification of village management evaluation, the average net income of 51 highly-rated villages was 22 million Won and that of 128 moderately-rated villages was 3.5 million Won. Experience-based projects and the sales of processed forestry products made by young adult associations or women``s societies were major sources of income, and the absence of inner economic bases or villages’ jobs caused young adults and returned farmers to focus on working for outside economic activities. Finally, this study developed strategies for mountain eco-village’s social economic promotion and suggested four stages of social economic revitalization provisions.

산촌생태마을 운영매니저 역량 강화를 위한 의식 조사 분석

김성학(Kim, Seong Hak),서정원(Seo, Jeong Weon) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2013 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2013 No.4

For sustainable effects of community developments, the important of post managements is increasing. This study focused on the mountain eco-village projects as a part of the mountain village developments. To draw factors for ability enhancements which are an important part of village management, operators’ cognition of abilities and the operator systems were conducted a survey of operators and the responses were analyzed. 85 operators who participated in the mountain village operator training programme by Korea Forest Service on March 13th~15th, 2013 were conducted the survey. 55 out of 58 responses were analyzed for the study. The factors of a cognition gap by groups were analyzed with T-test and the influential factors to need operator’s role were analyzed with regression analysis. The whole data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The results of the abilities cognition comparison between who participated in the training and who does not showed that ‘harmony with residents’ was significant difference in the 9 results of analysis. According to the comparative cognitions about development prospects in the future of mountain village, the results showed that ‘completions of various training’ was significant difference between negative prospects group and positive prospects group. About the cognition of operator’s abilities, ‘communication with local leaders’, ‘harmony with residents’ and ‘idea about village projects’ were chosen to have influence on a necessity of operator’s role. The results of the study suggest directions to enhance abilities of operators who lead the villages with horizontal relationship.