만성 알코올 중독성 기억장애의 세부적 특성에 관한 연구

심주식,김홍근,김용숙 한국건강심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 만성 알코올 중독성 환자에서 나타나는 기억장애의 세부적 특징을 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 알코올 의존 환자 28명과 정상인 26명에게 ‘Rey-Kim 기억검사’와 K-WAIS를 실시하였다. 알코올 의존군이 보여주는 기억장애의 주요 특성은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 기억기능을 즉시기억(immediate memory), 최근기억(recent memory), 옛날기억(remote memory)으로 구분하여 살펴본 결과 최근기억에만 결손이 있었고 즉시기억과 옛날기억은 정상 수준이었다. 둘째, 최근기억의 내용을 언어기억(verbal memory)과 시각기억(visual memory)으로 구분하여 살펴본 결과 언어기억과 시각기억 모두에 결손이 있었다. 셋째, 최근기억의 인지적 과정을 등록(encoding), 유지(retention), 인출(retrieval) 단계로 구분하여 살펴본 결과 등록과 인출 단계에만 결손이 있었고 유지 단계는 정상 수준이었다. 넷째, 최근기억과 일반지능에서 결손된 정도를 비교한 결과 최근기억의 결손이 유의하게 더 심하였다. 이 결과는 최근기억의 장애가 일반화된(generalized) 인지장애가 아니라 기억에 특이한(specific) 인지장애임을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 최근기억장애를 개인별 수준에서 살펴본 결과 다수가 경증이었고 중증은 약 20% 정도에 해당하였다. 종합적으로, 본 연구의 결과들은 만성 알코올 중독성 기억장애의 학술적 이해와 임상적 관리에 유용한 정보를 제공한다. The purpose of the present study was to investigate specific characteristics of memory deficits, associated with chronic alcoholism. To this end, we administered Rey-Kim memory test and K-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to a sample of 28 alcohol dependent patients and 26 normal controls. The alcohol dependent group showed the following characteristics in their memory deficits. First, their memory deficits involved recent memory, but not immediate or remote memory. Second, their recent-memory deficits involved both verbal and visual memory. Third, their recent-memory deficits involved problems in registration and retrieval stage, but not in retention stage. Fourth, their deficits in recent memory were more severe than their deficits in general intelligence, suggesting that the memory deficits were not part of generalized cognitive dysfunction, but a memory-specific dysfunction. Finally, about 20% of the patients evidenced severe memory decline, whereas other patients showed mild to moderate decline. These results provide useful data for the understanding of alcoholic memory deficits and their clinical managements.

외상성 뇌손상 환자의 기억기능과 실행기능-뇌손상의 심각도에 따른 비교

김귀애,이명주 한국임상심리학회 2005 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.24 No.4

This study examined memory disturbance and executive dysfunction controlled by general intelligence in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI). TBI patients were divided into two group according to duration of LOC in trauma and neuroimaging finding: mild traumatic brain injury(MTBI), moderate to severe traumatic brain injury(MSTBI). Rey-Kim memory test, Kims executive function test, & trail making test were administered. And then the following results could be obtained. First, there were significant difference between MSTBI and normal control in general intelligence, verbal learning, verbal long term memory, visual spatial memory, inhibition, shifting, & verbal fluency. There were significant difference between MSTBI and MTBI in general intelligence, verbal learning, long term memory. Second, there were significant difference between MTBI and control in verbal learning, visual spatial memory, shifting, and cognitive inhibition. Third, Multiple discriminated analysis between MSTBI and control demonstrated 92% of diagnosis precision rate in MQ, EIQ and IQ. Multiple discriminated analysis between MTBI and MSTBI demonstrated 96% of diagnosis precision rate, between MTBI and control demonstrated 78% of diagnosis precision rate. Finally, clinical implication and limitation of this study were discussed.

좌측 시상 전핵 경색의 신경심리 분석

김정은,백민재,한문구,양동원,김상윤 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Background: Anterior thalamic lesion is to produce various cognitive impairments. However, these findings are based on case studies rather than group studies. We analyzed the clinical & neuropsychological characteristics of the patients with the left anterior thalamic infarction to investigate the patterns of memory impairment and other cognitive dysfunction of the patients. Methods: We selected 7 patients with acute left anterior thalamic infarction who had been admitted to two referral hospitals. All patients underwent MRI, a careful medical history, physical and neurologic examination, and detailed neuropsychological tests within a week after stroke. Their lesions were confirmed to be located in the anterior nucleus lesion of left thalamus by lesion analysis of brain MRI. Results: All patients showed severe verbal and visual anterograde amnesia and also anomic aphasia and frontal executive dysfunction. The characteristics of the amnesia in these patients were that they showed encoding deficits as well as retrieval deficits. Five patients also had visuospatial dysfunction. Conclusion: Retrieval deficit in memory impairment and executive dysfunctions are suggestive of the unctional involvement of the frontal lobe Multiple cognitive deficits including anomia and visuospatial dysfunction other than memory disturbance also suggest that the anterior nucleus of left thalamus had multiple connections with diffuse fronto-temporo-parietal areas, although the exact circuit or mechanism explaining the pathophysiologic relations between the anterior nucleus of left thalamus and the multiple cortical areas has not been elucidated.

Body Mass Index and Somatic Symptom Severity in Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder: The Mediating Role of Working Memory

Hee Jin Kim,Hye Ri Kim,Jae-Chan Jin,Doug Hyun Han,Sun Mi Kim 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.2

Objective: In somatic symptom disorder (SSD), cognitive dysfunction is related to perceptive distortion that excessively amplifies bodily sensations. The association between high body mass index (BMI) and cognitive dysfunction could be attributed to underlying systemic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate whether patients with SSD and high BMI exhibit increased somatic symptom severity and whether this is mediated by cognitive dysfunction. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 patients with SSD (20 males/34 females, mean age ± standard deviation: 40.65 ± 13.23 years). Participants’ BMI, laboratory data including complete blood count and lipid profile, results from the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, and scores of the Korean-Symptom Checklist 95-Somatization (SCL95-SOM) were analyzed. We performed a path analysis to evaluate BMI as a predictor of somatic symptoms. Results: In a path analysis, the SCL95-SOM score was directly influenced by working memory (b = −0.326, p = 0.032), which was significantly influenced by BMI (b = −0.338, p = 0.009), although there was no direct effect of BMI on the SCL95-SOM score. The path analytic model showed a close fit to the data with the following values: χ2 (df) = 0.918 (1), p = 0.338, root mean square error of approximation = 0.000 (< 0.001), and comparative fit index = 1.00. Conclusion: Patients with SSD and high BMI may exhibit increased somatic symptom severity, and this is mediated by working memory dysfunction. Weight management may help improve symptoms in patients with SSD and high BMI.

기억력 향상을 위한 작업치료 중재 연구 분석: 국내 단일대상연구 중심으로

정유진(Jung, Yu-Jin),최유임(Choi, Yoo-Im) 대한신경계작업치료학회 2021 재활치료과학 Vol.10 No.4

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 기억력 장애를 가진 성인 환자를 대상으로 기억력 향상을 위한 작업치료 중재를수행한 단일대상연구의 특성을 확인하고 질적 수준을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2011년부터 2020년까지 기억력 향상 작업치료 중재 연구 중 단일대상연구 설계를적용한 총 6편의 논문을 분석한 문헌연구로, 연구내용에 대한 일반적 특성 및 연구방법의 질적 수준을분석하였다. 결과 : 분석대상의 질적 수준은 66.7%(4편)가 중간 수준이었고 33.3%(2편)는 높은 수준이었으며, 낮은수준의 연구는 없었다. 단일대상연구 설계 유형은 모두 반전설계로 ABA가 가장 많았다. 대상자는 뇌졸중, 치매, 경도인지장애 환자였으며, 대상자 수는 1~3명이었다. 독립변수는 오차배제훈련, 어플리케이션활용 중재, 전산화인지훈련, 시간차회상훈련이었다. 종속변수는 공통변수인 기억력과 함께 집중력, 뇌파변화, 수단적 일상생활활동 및 우울이었다. 중재시간은 30~40분, 중재회기는 6~15회기였으며, 총 연구기간은 3~8주로 다양하였다. 중재 결과 모든 연구에서 중재 후 종속변수가 향상된 것으로 보고되었다. 결론 : 기억력훈련에 대한 단일대상연구 적용 작업치료 중재 연구들은 모두 중간 이상의 질적 수준을보여 임상에서 적용 시 근거기반자료로 의의가 있으며, 기억력 향상에 효과적인 연구들이라는 것을확인하였다. Objective : This study aimed to identify the characteristics and analyze the quality of studies on memory improvement using a single-subject research design. Methods : Six studies were selected through the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and National Digital Science Library (NDSL). Keywords were memory training, stroke, early dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and single-subject research design. The characteristics and quality levels were analyzed between January 2011 and October 2020. Results : Regarding the quality level, the middle level (7-10 points) was 66.7% of the four articles, and the high level (11-14 points) was 33.3% of the two articles. Reversal designs were used in all studies. Independent variables were errorless learning, smartphone application, cognitive training system (CoTras), spaced retrieval training (SRT) with errorless learning, spaced retrieval training, and iPad applications. The dependent variables included memory, attention, electroencephalogram, instrumental activities of daily living, depression etc., which increased after the intervention. The total session, study period, and intervention time were varied. Conclusion : In single-subject research design related to memory training, occupational therapy intervention was confirmed as an effective method for improving memory and attention. The quality level of single-subject research design was moderate or higher, and high-quality level of studies should be conducted by additional design to increase the validity in the future.

기억극/유방극(Memory/Mammary Play): 폴라 보글의 『운전 배우기』

박경란 미래영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학 Vol.20 No.1

The play is defined as a memory as it looks back at the painful experience of a young girl named Li'l Bit. The play is also contained in the drama book entitled The Mammary Plays as the girl's breasts are exceptionally big. Because of her big breasts, she looks more mature and attracts the attention of her aunt's husband but she is teased by her family as well as her classmates. When she is 11, her uncle Peck suggests to teach her how to drive and while he gives her driving lessons, he sexually abuses her. However, her family turn a blind eye to his paedophilia. She cannot stand his molestation, but she starts to manipulates him as he clings to her. However, Peck inspires her to go to college and see the world, so she leaves home for college. Having gained an upper hand, she rejects his proposal to marry him when he comes to see her on her eighteenth birthday. Since then she never goes home to visit her family. Disappointed, Uncle Peck drank too much and dies by falling off the stairs. Li'l Bit recollects about Peck's abuse and it is through the memory that she is reconciled with her painful past.

폐경기 기억력에 대한 한약의 효과 : 체계적 문헌고찰

이수형,천세은,권하린,조인정,김송백 대한한방부인과학회 2023 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review clinical studies and investigate the efficacy and safety of oriental medicine on memory in menopausal women. Methods: ‘menopause’, ‘memory’, ‘oriental medicine’ were searched on 4 online databases (Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CNKI, OASIS). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated menopausal memory with oriental medicine treatment were included. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: 8 RCTs were selected among 1067 articles. The overall risk of bias was evaluated as uncertain. 5 studies showed that oriental medicine alone was significant effective, but 1 long-term study with the same oriental medicine did not sustain the effect, and 2 studied were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Oriental medicine can be an effective option for improving memory in menopausal women. but considering the small number and quality of studies, inconsistent and insufficient evidence, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this treatment.

Medial Temporal Atrophy and Memory Dysfunction in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia

김범준,오미영,한문구,이지성,이준영,강연욱,유경호,이병철,김상윤,윤병우,배희준 대한신경과학회 2012 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.8 No.1

Background and Purpose It was recently reported that the prevalence of poststroke memory dysfunction might be higher than previously thought. Stroke may exist concomitantly with underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and so we determined whether post-stroke memory dysfunction indicates manifestation of underlying subclinical AD. Methods Of 1201 patients in a prospective cognitive assessment database, we enrolled subjects with poststroke amnestic vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (aVCIND; n=48), poststroke nonamnestic vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (naVCIND; n=50), and nonstroke amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n=65). All subjects had cognitive deficits, but did not meet the criteria for dementia. A standardized neuropsychological test battery and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at least 90 days after the index stroke (mean, 473 days). Visual assessment of medial temporal atrophy (MTA) was used as a measure of underlying AD pathology. Results The MTA score was significantly lower in the naVCIND group (0.64±0.85, mean±SD)than in the aVCIND (1.10±1.08) and aMCI (1.45±1.13; p<0.01) groups. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with naVCIND, aVCIND [odds ratio (OR)=2.69;95% confidence interval (CI)=1.21-5.99] and aMCI (OR=5.20; 95% CI=2.41-11.23) were significantly associated with increasing severity of MTA. Conclusions Our findings show that compared with poststroke naVCIND, the odds of having more-severe MTA were increased for poststroke aVCIND and nonstroke aMCI.

경도인지장애 환자의 주관적 기억장애, 우울 및 집행기능이 일상생활 수행능력에 미치는 영향

정미숙(Jung, Mi Sook),오은영(Oh, Eun Young),정은영(Chung, Eun Young) 한국재활간호학회 2019 재활간호학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of subjective memory complaints, depression and cognitive function on performance of activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total sample consisted of 250 MCI patients diagnosed within one year. All participants were assessed with a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, self-report measures of subjective memory complaints and depression, and performance of basic and instrumental ADL. Correlational and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with performance of basic and instrumental ADL, respectively. Results: Executive function and depression explained 9.4% of the variance in basic ADL. Reduced executive function and greater depressed mood were associated with worse performance on basic ADL. Executive function, subjective memory complaints, and time since onset of cognitive symptoms accounted for 22.2% of the variance in instrumental ADL in individuals with MCI. Lower executive function (t=-2.02, p=.044), greater memory complaints (t=5.36, p<.001), and longer periods of experiencing cognitive symptoms (t=2.24, p=.026) were associated with worse instrumental ADL performance. Conclusion: These results may help healthcare professionals develop interventions to improve cognitive outcomes with better understanding of the relationship among cognition, mood, and behavioral performance in individuals with MCI.

Neurotoxicity of cancer chemotherapy

Yang, Miyoung,Moon, Changjong Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2013 Neural regeneration research Vol.8 No.17

<P>There is accumulating clinical evidence that chemotherapeutic agents induce neurological side effects, including memory deficits and mood disorders, in cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapeutic treatments. This review focuses on chemotherapy-induced neurodegeneration and hippocampal dysfunctions and related mechanisms as measured by <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> approaches. These investigations are helpful in determining how best to further explore the causal mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced neurological side effects and in providing direction for the future development of novel optimized chemotherapeutic agents.</P>