실증적 평가연구의 내실화: 이론과 실제의 조화에 부쳐서

오철호 한국정책분석평가학회 2019 政策分析評價學會報 Vol.29 No.4

The focus of this research note is on the integration between evaluation research and actual evaluation. It is desirable for the field of policy analysis and evaluation to be academically mature and developed through the convergence of theory and practice, as evaluation research is the basis of actual evaluation and experience of actual evaluation is connected with evaluation research. However, if we look at reality, most of the content or focus of evaluation research is normative, abstract or hypothetical at best, so we question the objectivity or validity of the claim that evaluation research should be applied to actual evaluation. In other words, the lack of empirical evaluation research can make systematic evaluation research and knowledge accumulation difficult in the long run. This limitation of evaluation research is also in line with the actual evaluator's point of view that the lack of valid research is one of the reasons for not using evaluation studies (results). This research note will discuss the relationship between evaluation theory and practice in two dimensions. First, we will look into the current state of our evaluation research in terms of empirical research. Secondly, we will briefly discuss some factors that may impede the use of evaluation research in actual evaluation. 평가연구와 실제 평가 사이의 조화에 대한 문제의식이 이번 연구논단의 핵심이다. 평가연구가 실제 평가의 토대가 되고 실제 평가의 경험이 평가연구와 연결됨으로써 이론과 실제의 융합적 연계를 통해서 정책분석평가분야가 학문적으로 성숙하고 발전하는 것이 바람직하다. 그러나 현실을 들여다보면 평가연구의 내용이나 초점이 대부분 규범적이거나 추상적이든지 또는 가설적인 주장이 강해서 실제 평가에 적용하기엔 주장의 객관성이나 타당성에 의문을 제기한다. 즉 실증적 평가연구의 미흡은 장기적으로 오히려 체계적인 평가연구와 지식의 축적을 어렵게 할 수 있다. 평가연구의 이런 한계는 실제 평가자의 입장에서 볼 때 평가연구(결과)를 활용하지 않는 이유로 제시되는 타당한 연구의 부족과도 일맥상통한다. 이번 연구논단은 두 가지 차원에서 평가이론과 실제의 관계에 대한 논의를 진행하고자 한다. 먼저 연구계입장에서 우리 평가연구의 실태를 실증적 연구라는 측면에서 살펴보며, 둘째로 실제평가입장에서 평가연구의 활용을 주저하게 하는 또는 저해하는 요인 등에 대하여 간략히 짚어보고 몇 가지 제안을 덧붙이고자 한다.

타락죽의 재료배�비와 조리방법에 따른 특성

임영희 대전대학교 자연과학연구소 1992 自然科學 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 타락죽에 관한 여러 가지 조리법을 비교하여 보고 그 가운데 가장 기호도가 높은 조리법을 찾아내고자 하는데 있다. 조리법의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 관능적 평가와 객관적 평가를 하였다. 관능적 평가의 결과 쌀을 불린 후 갈아서 끓이는 방법으로 쌀: 우유: 물의 비율이 1:4:2이고 재료를 모두 한꺼번에 넣고 끓이는 방법이 가장 기호도가 높았다. 쌀의 종류로는 멥쌀보다 찹쌀로 끓인 죽이 기호도가 높았다. 객관적 평가로는 색차게로 색도를 측정하였는데 우유의 첨가량이 증가할수록, 쌀을 불린 후 갈아서 끓인 죽보다 심말을 사용하여 끓인 죽이, 쌀보다는 찹쌀이 황색도가 높았다. 점도는 Line Spread Chart를 사용하여 측정하였는데 타락죽에 첨가되는 액체의 양에 따라 점도가 증가하였으며 반대로 퍼짐성은 감소하였다. The purpose of this study was to compare several cooking methods and to determine the most preferable Tarckjook(rice gruel cooked with milk). A 8-menber taste panel of students majoring in food and nutrition was used for sensory evaluation of Tarackjook. The evaluation was repeated 3 times. Viscometer and line spread chart were used to estimate viscosity and color difference meter was used to evaluate color of Tarackjook. As a result of the sensory evaluation for Tarckjook made by different ratio of raw materials, Tarackjook having mixture ratio of 1 rice, 4 milk and 2 water was the most preferable. Boiling together all of the materials and using waxy rice were the most desirable methods. There were significant differences(p<0.001) on viscosity and line spread between samples. By the color difference meter, L and b value were increased by increasing milk. In the correlation coefficient between sensory characteristics and mechanical characteristics, overall acceptability in sensory evaluation correlated significantly with lightness and spreadability in mechanical evaluation.

지역역량강화 프로그램의 효과성 평가 - 대관령면 지역을 중심으로 -

김기성,정미경 한국농촌계획학회 2020 농촌계획 Vol.26 No.2

This study conducted monitoring and outcome evaluation of three newly-established programs in ‘Community Empowerment program in 2019’ in Daegwallyeong-myeon. The purpose of the study is to find out the organic relationship between the process and result of the program and its effect on participants by performing two evaluation methods in parallel on the target program. As a result of the research, first, it was found that there was a difference in the degree of acceptance of feedback depending on the instructor who is charging each program. Second, there were two categorized results such as the depth and direction which is changed by the number of monitoring, or similar content being repeated. Third, there was an organic relationship between monitoring evaluation and outcome evaluation. Therefore, it can be said that it is highly likely to lead to more systematic and meaningful results if the community empowerment program is monitored as a process evaluation and outcome evaluation.

A Review: Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Composites after Diverse Types of Aging Using Micromechanical Evaluation

신평수,Jong-Hyun Kim,Ha-Seung Park,백영민,이상일,K. Lawrence DeVries,박종만 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.2

Composites has been an area of active research for the past several decades due to their lightweight and good mechanical properties. However, the aging of fiber reinforced composites is a major issue due to exposure of thermal, waterand ultraviolet conditions. Continuous damage could bring about mechanical property degradation and damage at the interface. This is a comprehensive review on of aging effects in water, heat, ultraviolet etc. on composites and the changes in chemical, mechanical and interfacial properties, evaluated by nondestructive and micro-mechanic evaluations. It focuses particularly on composites with superior chemical, mechanical and interfacial properties, as well as good high resistance to aging, as these are considered to be important Structural materials. Types of composites and aging effects of aged composite by exposure to water, heat and ultraviolet radiation are explored. Based on these nondestructive and micro-mechanical evaluations methods are suggested to reduce the diverse ageing effects.

제품범주정보 현저성이 브랜드확장 평가에 미치는 영향

김귀곤(Gwi Gon Kim),전승우(Seung Woo Chun),차태훈(Tai Hoon Cha) 한국마케팅학회 2009 마케팅연구 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 브랜드확장평가에 있어서 동양인이 서양인보다 브랜드확장의 적합성을 높게 판단하고 호의적으로 평가한다는 최근 Monga and John(2007)의 연구결과와 브랜드확장 평가과정에서 제품범주정보의 브랜드혜택연상에 대한 간섭효과를 제시한 Meyvis and Janiszewski(2004)의 연구결과를 바탕으로 그 기저에 흐르는 동서양간의 심리적 메커니즘의 차이를 접근성-진단성(accessibility-diagnosticity) 관점에서 분석하였다. 즉 본 연구는 동서양간의 제품범주정보의 현저성과 그로 인한 브랜드혜택연상에 대한 간섭효과의 차이, 그리고 브랜드혜택연상에 대한 접근성과 진단성의 차이에 따라 동서양간의 확장브랜드로서의 모브랜드(narrow brand vs. broad brand)에 대한 선택이 달라질 수 있음을 살펴보고자 하였다. 실증분석을 위해 동양인과 서양인을 대상으로 5번에 걸친 사전조사과정을 거쳐 실험대상 제품, 가상의 브랜드, 추구하고자하는 브랜드혜택연상 등을 결정하였다. 이를 기초로 본 조사에서는 내구성 있는 2개의 포트폴리오 브랜드(narrow brand: TV, DVD player, 오디오, broad brand: TV, 냉장고, 세탁기)를 대상으로 내구성 있는 캠코더로의 브랜드확장상황을 제시하였다. 뿐만 아니라 제품범주정보의 노출 횟수, 제품범주제공과 확장평가 및 확장브랜드선택 사이의 시간 차이를 조절하여 제품범주정보에 대한 접근성을 조절하였다. 본 연구에는 총 488명(한국 243명, 미국 245명)이 참여하였으나, 부적절한 응답과 불성실한 설문지를 제외하고 414부(한국 212부, 미국 202부)의 설문지가 분석에 활용되었다. 연구 결과 동양인들이 서양인들에 비하여 폭이 넓은 브랜드의 선택경향이 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다. 따라서 제품범주정보 및 브랜드혜택연상의 회상정도에 대한 추가분석을 통하여 동양인들의 폭이 넓은 브랜드 선택경향에 대한 가설을 간접적으로 확인하였다. 또한 노출횟수의 증가, 시차단축을 통한 실험에서는 동서양 모두 폭이 좁은 브랜드의 선택비율이 높아졌을 뿐만 아니라 동양인에게서 상대적으로 그 비율이 높게 증가하여 동서양간의 차이가 사라지는 결과를 얻었다. 이는 A-D 관점에서 제품범주정보의 브랜드혜택연상에 대한 간섭효과 및 노출횟수의 증가 전, 시차단축 전의 동양인의 폭이 넓은 브랜드에 대한 선택경향을 간접적으로 확인해 준다. 본 연구는 더 많은 연구와 실증을 필요로 하겠지만 동서양간의 브랜드확장평가의 차이를 브랜드확장평가의 심리적 메커니즘 측면에서 살펴봤다는 그 자체로서도 이론적인 측면에서 상당한 의미를 지닌다. 뿐만 아니라 마케팅 실무적 측면에서도 기존의 확장결과를 고려한 마케팅전략, 더 나아가 글로벌 환경에서의 다양한 마케팅전략의 수립에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This research analyzed the East-West differences in psychological mechanism in the view of accessibility-diagnosticity based on the results of two recent researches; One is conducted by Monga & John(2007) that Easterners(vs. Westerners) perceive the brand extension fit highly and evaluate the brand extension favorably. The other is conducted by Meyvis and Janiszewski(2004) that the interference effect on brand benefit association of product category information can exist in the process of brand extension evaluation. Namely, this research focused on the fact that the East-West choices of parent brand(narrow brand vs. broad brand) could vary according to 1) the East-West differences in the salience of product category information, 2) the differences in the interference effect on brand benefit association of product category information, 3) the differences in the accessibility and diagnosticity of brand benefit association. We expect that Easterners choose the broad brand more than Westerners. And there will be no choice differences between them on extension brand in case of high salience on product category information. For this empirical analysis, we decided the test target products, fictitious brand, pursuing brand benefit association by targeting Easterners and Westerners through 5-time pretests. Based on the two portfolio brands with durability(narrow brand: TV, DVD player, audio, broad brand: TV, refrigerator, washing machine), we presented a brand extension situation to the camcorder with durability. Furthermore, we modulated an accessibility of the product category information by controlling the exposed numbers to the product category information and the time differences between the phase of product category offer and extension evaluation/extension product choices. Namely, the survey was run by the respective three groups (Firstly, offering information one time and evaluating after 50 minutes; secondly, offering information one time and evaluating after 5 minutes; lastly, offering information three times and evaluating after 50 minutes) through shortening time interval between beginning of information offering and extension evaluation as well as increasing the exposed numbers to information to manipulate a salience of product category informations. Although total 488 people(243 Koreans and 245 Americans) participated in this survey, we just utilized reliable responses from 414 respondents(212 Koreans and 202 Americans) except inappropriate and insincere responses. The results indicate that although a preference for broad brand is higher in the East than in the West, it is not meaningful statistically. Accordingly, We indirectly affirmed the hypothesis on the preference of East for the broad brand through an additional analysis on a degree of recall for product category information and a brand benefit association. Furthermore, we found out that both East and West have a high preference ratio of narrow brand by increasing the exposed numbers to the product category information and shortening the time interval between the information offer and extension evaluation. In addition, by relatively raising the preference ratio toward the East, the difference between the East-West came to be diluted. This result indirectly showed a preference tendency of the East for the broad brand from an A-D perspective before the interference effect on brand benefit association, increasing the exposed numbers and shortening the time interval. This research got access to the more realistic and consumer-focused strategies than the existing researches. Firstly, we approached to the brand extension evaluation from the viewpoint of A-D. This was very practical model, providing it is natural that there was a time interval between the time of information offering and the time of purchasing(that of brand extension evaluation). Secondly, parent brand was chosen in the process of choosing extension products. Now that consumers generally tend to decide pro

한국판 베일런트 방어기제 평정 척도의 타당화

김경희,고영건 한국임상심리학회 2018 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.37 No.2

The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the Vaillant Defense Mechanism Rating Scale (K-VDMRS). For this purpose, 90 college students (39 men and 51 women) were interviewed for the K-VDMRS. In order to determine criterion-related validity, we administered seven self-report measures: the Korea-Defense Style Questionnaire, the Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Positive Mental Health Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS), and physical health questionnaires. In addition to these self-report measures, close acquaintances recommended by the participants rated the subjects’ psychological maturity. The results of this study are as follows. First, when we divided the positive mental health types into flourishing, languishing, struggling, and maladaptation groups, there were group differences only at the level of immature defenses. The languishing group used more immature defenses than the other groups. Second, those with high level of depression used more immature defenses than those with low level of depression. Third, according to the correlation analysis results of K-VDMRS and acquaintance rating, the more mature the defenses used by the participants, the more mature they were rated in the acquaintance evaluation. Finally, the defense maturity rated by the K-VDMRS showed higher criterion-related validity and discriminant validity for mental health variables, physical health, and acquaintance evaluation than the self-report measures of defense mechanisms and coping style. Based on these findings, we discussed the implications and limitations of this study.

An Adaptive Power Saving Mechanism in IEEE 802.11 Wireless IP Networks

Pack Sangheon,Choi Yanghee The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.2

Reducing energy consumption in mobile hosts (MHs) is one of the most critical issues in wireles/mobile networks. IP paging protocol at network layer and power saving mechanism (PSM) at link layer are two core technologies to reduce the energy consumption of MHs. First, we investigate the energy efficiency of the current IEEE 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) when IP paging protocol is deployed over IEEE 802.11 networks. The result reveal that the current IEEE 802.11 PSM with a fixed wakeup interval (i.e., the static PSM) exhibits a degraded performance when it is integrated with IP paging protocol. Therefore, we propose an adaptive power saving mechanism in IEEE 802.11-based wireless IP networks. Unlike the static PSM, the adaptive PSM adjusts the wake-up interval adaptively depending on the session activity at IP layer. Specifically, the MH estimates the idle periods for incoming sessions based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme and sets its wake-up interval dynamically by considering the estimated idle period and paging delay bound. For performance evaluation, we have conducted comprehensive simulations and compared the total cost and energy consumption, which are incurred in IP paging protocol in conjunction with various power saving mechanisms: The static PSM, the adaptive PSM, and the optimum PSM. Simulation results show that the adaptive PSM provides a closer performance to the optimum PSM than the static PSM.

主观具象评价与高程度描述语义的浮现与突显: 修辞构式“X级Y”研究

金茗竹(Jin,Mingzhu) 한국중어중문학회 2023 中語中文學 Vol.- No.92

The development and change of language life are co-variation with the development of society and times. With the development of times and the Internet, the language forms in which people describe and evaluate things and phenomena on new media platforms are also undergoing dynamic development and change. In addition to the relatively abstract very, extremely, special, high degree of descriptive expression can be used to express high degree of semantics. The rhetorical construction ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ analyzed and discussed in this paper is the expression that can emerge and highlight subjective concrete evaluation and high degree descriptive semantics. ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ can emerge in the specific context of subjective evaluation meaning, high degree of description meaning and emotional attitude meaning and other constructs. In terms of composition types, with Y as the center, ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ is mainly presented as two composition types, namely‘X Ji Ythings(X级Y事物)’ and ‘X Ji Yactions/events(X级Y动作/事件)’. It is worth noting that whether the rhetorical construction ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ can generate innovative expressions needs to meet certain constraints: X can extract semantic features of evaluative degree, and X should be at or near the top of the ranking sequence activated by ‘Ji(级)’. ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ generally appears in the context of evaluation. The traditional and conventional ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ generally has specific measurement criteria, such as the difference between national and provincial level, and the identification criteria of primary and secondary level. However, the new ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ after mutation does not actually have specific measurement criteria. It is the speakers subjective judgment and descriptive evaluation according to his own cognitive encyclopedic knowledge or the publics normative standards. ‘X Ji Y(X级Y)’ can mainly realize the evaluation function, highlighting function, figurative description function.

Direct displacement-based seismic assessment of concrete frames

Chu Peng,Serhan Guner 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2018 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.21 No.4

Five previously-tested reinforced concrete frames were modelled using a nonlinear finite element analysis procedure to demonstrate the accurate response simulations for seismically-deficient frames through pushover analyses. The load capacities, story drifts, and failure modes were simulated. This procedure accounts for the effects of shear failures and the shearaxial force interaction, and thus is suitable for modeling seismically-deficient frames. It is demonstrated that a comprehensive analysis method with a capability of simulating material constitutive response and significant second-order mechanisms is essential in achieving a satisfactory response simulation. It is further shown that such analysis methods are invaluable in determining the expected seismic response, safety, and failure mode of the frame structures for a performance-based seismic evaluation. In addition, a new computer program was developed to aid researchers and engineers in the direct displacementbased seismic design process by assessing whether a frame structure meets the code-based performance requirements by analyzing the analysis results. As such, the proposed procedure facilitates the performance-based design of new buildings as well as the numerical assessment and retrofit design of existing buildings. A sample frame analysis was presented to demonstrate the application and verification of the approach.

Influence of Ultrasonic Waves on the Stacking Orientation in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composite Laminates

JE-WOONG PARK,DO-JUNG KIM,DAVID K. HSU,YOUNG-HWAN SEO,KWANG-HEE IM 한국해양공학회 2008 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

In this study, an investigation of shear wave ultrasonic technique was carried out to detect stacking orientation error for CF/Epoxy quasi-isotropy composite laminates. The ultrasonic shear wave is particularly sensitive to ply orientation and layup sequence in the CF/Epoxy composite laminates. In the manufacturing of composite laminates, it is important that layup errors be detected in samples. In this work, an effortwas made to develop shear wave techniques that can be applied to composite laminates. During testing the most significant problem is that the couplant conditions do not remain the same because of its changing viscosity. The design and use of a shear wave transducer would greatly alleviate the couplant problem. A pyramid of aluminum, with isosceles triangle (two 45o angles) sides, was made in generate shear waves, using two longitudinal transducers based on an ultrasonic-polarized mechanism. A signal splitter was connected to the pulser jack on apulser/receiver and to the longitudinal transducers. The longitudinal transducers were mounted with mineral oil, and the shear transducer was mounted with burnt honey on the bottom as a receiver. The shear wave was generated at a maximum and a minimum based on the ultrasonic-polarized mechanism. Results show it is feasible to measure layup error using shear wave transducers on a stacking of prepregs in composites.