하지 정렬 평가를 위한 체표면 토포그래피를 이용한 측정법

임지영(J. Y. Yim),임현승(H. S. Yim),박대성(D. S. Park),이재헌(J. H. Lee),이나경(N. K. Lee) 한국재활복지공학회 2016 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 래스터입체사진술이 적용된 ABW-mapper를 사용하여 얻은 관상면 상에서의 하지정렬 측정에 대하여 측정자 내, 측정자 간, 측정-재측정 간 각각의 신뢰도와 타당도를 조사하고 평가하는 것이다. 열여덟 명의 대상자가 이 연구에 참여하였다. 일주일간격으로 두 번의 세션에 걸쳐서 두 사람의 측정자가 각각 ABW-mapper를 사용하여 기립자세에서의 S각(입체사진 각-래스터입체사진 촬영을 통해 측정한 관상면상의 하지 정렬 측정 각)을 측정하였고, 첫 번째 세션에서는 짧은 시간 간격으로 한 측정자가 같은 대상자에 대하여 두 번씩 측정하였다. Q각은 디지털카메라로 기립자세를 촬영한 사진에서 고니어미터로 측정하였다. HKA각은 컴퓨터 기반 디지털 방사선 영상사진 위에서 측정 소프트웨어를 사용하여 측정하였다. 급내상관계수(ICC)를 통해 신뢰도를 분석하였고, 피어슨 상관계수를 사용하여 타당도를 검사하였다. 그 결과, S각 측정은 매우 높은 측정자 내(ICC=0.956~0.974), 측정자 간 (ICC=0.962) 검사-재검사 간 (ICC=0.945) 신뢰도를 나타냈으며, S각과 Q각, S각과 HKA각 사이에는 강한 음의 상관관계(각각 r=0.739, -0.702)를 나타냈다. 따라서, ABW-mapper에 의한 래스터입체사진법을 통한 S각 측정은 관상면에서의 하지정렬의 측정에 대하여 Q각이나 HKA각 측정에 관련하여 예비적 또는 보완적 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability and validity of frontal plane lower extremity alignment estimated from a rasterstereographic method using ABW-Mapper. Eighteen subjects participated in this study. The S angle (stereographic angle-frontal plane lower extremity alignment estimated from a rasterstereographic method) in standing was measured throughout the two sessions with one week interval by two different readers. In the first session, a reader measured S angle twice per subject with a short break in-between. The Q-angle (quadriceps angle) was measured using a standard goniometer from a photography taken through digital camera with the participant standing in the same position as in the S angle measurement. The HKA(hip-knee-ankle) angle was measured from a computer based digital radiograph with the computerized measurement software. Reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC). Validity was tested using a Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Excellent intra-rater(ICC=0.956~0.974), inter-rater(ICC=0.962), test-retest reliability (ICC=0.945) were demonstrated. There were strong negative correlations between S angle and Q-angle (r=-0.739), and between S angle and HKA angle (r=-0.702). Therefore, the S angle measured using a rasterstereographic mapper may be used to as a preliminary or supplementary tool to evaluate and study LE alignment in the frontal plane in relation to HKA angle or Q-angle.

쇼트트랙 스피드 스케이트 운동시 하지 관절각 분석

박정훈(Jung-Hoon PARK),이효택(Hyo-Taek LEE),김용재(Yong-Jae KIM) 한국수산해양교육학회 2013 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.3

This study, which is conducted on two groups of skilled people and unskilled people, is purposed to analyze joint angle of lower extremity during short track speed skating in order to find out efficient body position and propose ideal training method. Short Track Speed Skating has a wide range of research areas, but their findings indicate a promising area for further research. Targeting 8 people who are skilled in short track speed skating and 8 people who are not skilled in it, this study analyzes three dimensional images using super-high speed camera to compare differences between these two groups of people. In this study, 6 sections of body positions including right foot push-off, right foot recovery, right foot basic position, left foot push-off, left foot recovery, and left foot basic position were analyzed using 8 super-high speed cameras of VICON. These body positions were analyzed in order to find out joint angles of the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint. In the section 4 of the inner and outer parts of the left hip angles showed significant difference, and most of the sections of knee joint angles also showed significant difference. In the section 1 and 2 of the plantar flexion, dorsiflexion of ankle joints showed significant difference(p<.001) It was found out that there were differences between groups of skilled people and unskilled people in terms of lower extremity’s joint angles such as angles of the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint.

슬관절 각도에 따른 교각운동이 하지근 활성도에 미치는 영향

김경환,기경일,윤혜진,Kim, Kyung-hwan,Ki, Kyong-il,Youn, Hye-jin 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2011 PNF and Movement Vol.9 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the lower extremity muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. Surface electromyography from selected lower extremity muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system (LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine muscle ratio. Results : The biceps femoris of all bridging exercises showed significantly(p<.05). The vastus medialis and lateralis of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted $120^{\circ}$(p<.05). The rectus femoris of all bridging exercises showed no significant. Median of vastus medialis/rectus femoris ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 2.03, $90^{\circ}$ was 2.16, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.67, $45^{\circ}$ was 4.10. Median of vastus lateralis/rectus femoris ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 1.70, $90^{\circ}$ was 1.70, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.08, $45^{\circ}$ was 2.58. Median of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 1.26, $90^{\circ}$ was 1.50, $60^{\circ}$ was 1.52, $45^{\circ}$ was 1.47. Conclusion : Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made increase biceps femoris and vastus medialis activation. This result will be use knee joint stabilizing exercises during bridging or unstable surface training and biceps femoris strength training.

A Study on Joint Angle of Lower Extremity during Short Track Speed Skating

Jung Hoon Park,Ill Jung Seo,Bo Seob Heo,Yong Jae Kim 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Objective: This study, which is conducted on two groups of skilled people and unskilled people, is purposed to analyze joint angle of lower extremity during short track speed skating, in order to find out efficient body position and propose ideal training method. Background: Short Track Speed Skating has a wide range of research areas, but their findings indicate a promising area for further research. Method: Targeting 8 people who are skilled in short track speed skating and 8 people who are not skilled in it, this study analyzes three dimensional images using super-high speed camera to compare differences between these two groups of people. In this study, 6 sections of body positions including right foot push-off, right foot recovery, right foot basic position, left foot push-off, left foot recovery, and left foot basic position were analyzed using 8 super-high speed cameras of VICON. These body positions were analyzed in order to find out joint angles of the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint. Results: In the section 4 of the inner and outer parts of the left hip angles showed significant difference, and most of the sections of knee joint angles also showed significant difference. In the section 1 and 2 of the plantar flexion, dorsiflexion of ankle joints showed significant difference(p< .001) Conclusion: It was found out that there were differences between groups of skilled people and unskilled people in terms of lower extremity’s joint angles such as angles of the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint.

Effect of the sagittal ankle angle at initial contact on energy dissipation in the lower extremity joints during a single-leg landing

Lee, Jinkyu,Song, Yongnam,Shin, Choongsoo S. Elsevier 2018 GAIT AND POSTURE Vol.62 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>During landing, the ankle angle at initial contact (IC) exhibits relatively wide individual variation compared to the knee and hip angles. However, little is known about the effect of different IC ankle angles on energy dissipation.</P> <P><B>Research question</B></P> <P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual ankle angles at IC and energy dissipation in the lower extremity joints.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Twenty-seven adults performed single-leg landings from a 0.3-m height. Kinetics and kinematics of the lower extremity joints were measured. The relationship between ankle angles at IC and negative work, range of motion, the time to peak ground reaction force, and peak loading rate were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The ankle angle at IC was positively correlated with ankle negative work (r = 0.80, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.64, <I>p <</I> 0.001) and the contribution of the ankle to total (ankle, knee and hip joint) negative work (r = 0.84, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.70, p < 0.001), but the ankle angle was negatively correlated with hip negative work (r = −0.46, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.21, <I>p</I> = 0.01) and the contribution of the hip to total negative work (r = −0.61, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.37, <I>p <</I> 0.001). The knee negative work and the contribution of the knee to total negative work were not correlated with the ankle angle at IC. The ankle angle at IC was positively correlated with total negative work (r = 0.50, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.25, <I>p < </I>0.01) and negatively correlated with the peak loading rate (r = −0.76, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.57, <I>p </I>< 0.001).</P> <P><B>Significance</B></P> <P>These results indicated that landing mechanics changed as the ankle angle at IC increased, such that the ankle energy dissipation increased and redistributed the energy dissipation in the ankle and hip joints. Further, these results suggest that increased ankle energy dissipation with a higher IC plantar flexion angle may be a potential landing technique for reducing the risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament and hip musculature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ankle angle at initial contact (IC) alter energy dissipation of lower limb joints. </LI> <LI> Higher plantar flexion at IC increases ankle energy dissipation during landing. </LI> <LI> Higher plantar flexion at IC decreases hip energy dissipation during landing. </LI> <LI> Higher plantar flexion at IC decreases peak loading (GRF) rates. </LI> <LI> Higher plantar flexion at IC may reduce injury risk to the ACL and hip musculature. </LI> </UL> </P>

운동역학 : 노인의 트레드밀 보행시 속도에 따른 보행 패턴의 변화 연구

은선덕(SeonDeokEun),이기광(KiKwangLee) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of speed conditions on the gait pattern in treadmill walking of old age. Data were collected by 3d cinematography and video analyzing system. Six male eldery persons were participated in this experiment All subjects performed a walking activity with slow(3.5㎞/h), moderate(4.0㎞/h), fast(4.5㎞/h) speed conditions on treadmill with 10% grade. The changes of lower extremity angles were analyzed during one stride. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluating the statistical significance. The results obtained from this study were as follows:1. The stance phase was decreased and swing phase was increased as the speed of treadmill was increased in all subjects. But there was no significant difference statistically.2. All subjects did not show a significant difference in speed conditions of treadmill at major events in mean ankle angle. However, max. ankle angle and ROM(range of motion) during stance phase was augmented as the speed was increased(P<.05).3. All subjects did not show a significant difference in speed conditions of treadmill at major event in mean knee angle. However, min. ankle angle during stance phase and ROM during swing phase was augmented as the speed was increased(P<.05).

일부 20대 여대생의 넙다리네갈래근 각이 기능적 다리길이 차이 및 하지근력과의 상관관계

정연우,김여진,이재근,두영택 대한정형도수물리치료학회 2014 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

중노년 여성의 하지근력과 보행의 운동학적 변인의 관계

박상균 대한운동사협회 2011 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.13 No.3

[서론] 노화로 인한 하지근력의약화는 근골격계 질환의 원인이 된다고 알려졌다. 특히, 여성은 하지근력의 수준과 이로 인한 근골격계에 미치는 영향은 남성과 차별화되어 연구되어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 중노년 여성을 대상으로 하지 근력의 상대적 수준을 분석하고 하지 근력의 수준에 따른 보행동작의 하지 움직임과의 상관관계를 규명하고자 하였다. [방법] 건강한 21명의 중노년 여성들과 8명의 남성을 비교대상으로 하지근력과 보행동작이 분석되었다. 근력측정기기 (Lafayette Instruments, USA)를 사용하여 5개의주요 하지근육의 최대등척성근력 (Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction)을 측정하였다. 8대의 적외선 카메라 (Vicon,UK)를 이용하여 피험자가 트레드밀위에서 보행동작의 지지기 동안 오른쪽 하지관절의 발목, 무릎, 고관절 각도를 산출하였다. [결과] 중노년 여성의 5개의 주요 하지근육 중 고관절 외회전근 (hip external rotator)의 근력이 남성 피험자에 비해35% 정도 낮았다. 보행동작의 지지기에서 여성은 남성에 비해 무릎이 더 외전 (abduction)되는 현상을 나타내었다. 각 하지근육의 근력과 보행의 운동학적 변인과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 고관절의 외회전근이 약한 여성 피험자일수록 보행 시무릎이 보다 외전되는 현상을 나타내었다. [결론] 고관절의 외회전근의 근력 약화가 보행 시 전두면에서의 무릎관절의 움직임의 변화에 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고관절 중심의 근력강화운동이 보행 시 하지의 움직임에 영향을 줄 것으로예상되어진다. 하지만 노화로 발생되는 관절염과 같은 근골계 질,환에도 효과적인 예방 프로그램으로 활용되기 위해서는고관절 근력향상 프로그램이 보행 시 관절부하에 미치는 영향이나 일상생활에서의 기능적인 향상에 관련이 있는지 등 추가적인 연구들이 요구되어진다. [INTRODUCTION] It has been suggested that muscle weakness of the lower extremity in an aged population is a risk factor of degenerative muscular-skeletal diseases. Especially, females show weaker muscle strength compared to males and the effect on biomechanical changes of the skeletal system requires more specific investigation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of lower extremity muscle strength and investigate its relationship to variables in gait biomechanics in middle-aged and elderly females. [METHOD] Twenty one healthy middle-aged to elderly females and eight healthy male counterparts were recruited for the measurement of muscle strength and gait analysis. Muscle strength of five major lower extremity muscle groups during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was measured with a force dynamometer (Lafayette Instruments, USA). A system of eight infrared cameras (Vicon, UK) was used to collect the angles of the right ankle, knee, and hip during the stance phase of walking on the treadmill. [RESULT] The strength of the hip external rotator was approximately 35% in females compared with their male counterparts. Females showed a tendency to show more abducted knee during the stance phase of walking compared with males. More specifically, females who have weaker hip external rotator muscles tend to show more abduction of the knee based on correlation analysis between muscle strength of the lower extremity and biomechanical variables during walking. [CONCLUSION] The findings indicated that weaker hip external rotator muscles in females is related to changes in knee angles in the frontal plane during walking. That strengthening the hip muscle group may have a positive effect on gait biomechanics is proposed. However, further investigation in to whether strengthening hip muscles is beneficial to reducing joint loading, thus improving joint function, would be required before it is considered in the development of an intervention program for muscular-skeletal diseases.

8주간 전신 또는 하지 필라테스 프로그램이 성인 여성의 신체관절각에 미치는 영향과 두 필라테스 방법 간의 차이에 대한 연구

김현정(Kim Hyunjung),백형진(Beak Hyoungjean),이한울(Lee Hanwool),김주영(Kim Jooyoung) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.9

본 연구는 성인 여성을 대상으로 8주간 전신 또는 하지 필라테스 프로그램이 어깨, 골반, 다리굴곡, 경추, 견갑골과 같은 부위에서의 신체관절각 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고 두 필라테스 방법 간에 어떠한 차이가 있는가에 대해서 조사하는 데 목적이 있었다. 본 연구에는 성인 여성 18명이 참여하였고 전신(n=9) 또는 하지필라테스군(n=9)으로 각각 무작위 분류되었다. 전신 또는 하지 필라테스 프로그램은 8주간 주 3회, 회당 50분을실시하였다. 신체관절각은 자세 평가 시스템을 이용하여 어깨, 골반, 다리굴곡, 경추, 견갑골이 각각 측정되었다. 통계분석을 위해 반복측정 분산분석(repeted measure ANOVA)을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 전신 또는 하지 필라테스 프로그램 후 어깨, 골반, 왼쪽 및 오른쪽 다리굴곡, 경추, 견갑골 부위의 신체관절각 변화는 시기와 집단 간통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P > 0.05). 결론적으로 전신 또는 하지 필라테스 프로그램은 성인 여성의 신체관절각 변화에 아무런 영향을 주지 못하였고, 두 필라테스 방법 간에도 효과에 대한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight-week whole-body or lower extremity Pilates program on changes in body joint angles in the shoulder, pelvis, leg flexion, cervical vertebrae and scapula areas in adult women, and investigate the differences between the two Pilates methods. The participants in this study were 18 adult women, and were randomly assigned to a whole-body Pilates group (n=9) or a lower extremity Pilates group (n=9). The participants performed the whole-body or lower extremity Pilates program 3 times a week for 50 minutes per session for 8 weeks. The body joint angles in the shoulder, pelvis, leg flexion, cervical vertebrae, and scapula were measured using the postural evaluation system. The statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the changes of body joint angles in the shoulder, pelvis, left and right leg flexions, cervical vertebrae and scapula areas after the whole-body or lower extremity Pilates program between time and the groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, this study found that a whole-body or lower extremity Pilates program had no effect on the changes of body joint angles in adult women, and there was no difference in effect between the two Pilates methods.

직선 및 회전 보행 시 편마비에 따른 고령자의 보행 특성 변화

정호현,이범기,전경진,임도형,Jung, HoHyun,Lee, BumKee,Chun, Kyeong Jin,Lim, Dohyung 대한의용생체공학회 2014 의공학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Little information is available about the characteristics in revolution gait of hemiplegic elderly, which is frequently represented in daily life. It is also hard to elucidate purely the characteristics due to hemiplegia because of no consideration of aging factors. The aim of study is to identify the alteration characteristics of lower extremity joint angles in both straight and revolution gaits together due to hemiplegia through comparing healthy with hemiplegic elderly. Following Institutional Review Board approval, twelve healthy and hemiplegic elderly were participated and the center of body mass (COM) and lower extremity joint angles were measured during straight and revolution gaits using a computer-aided video motion capture system. The results showed that the gait characteristics were generally altered in both straight and revolution gaits due to hemiplegia (p < 0.05). The gait characteristics were then different between the straight and revolution gaits each other. This study may be valuable by identifying for the first time the alterations of the lower extremity joint angles in both straight and revolution gaits due to pure hemiplegia through comparing healthy elderly with hemiplegic elderly.