서울시 빗물관리조례 전부개정의 특징과 의미

최정희(Choi, Jung-Hee) 한국도시설계학회 2014 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 ?서울특별시 빗물관리에 관한 조례?(이하, 서울시 빗물관리조례)에서 ?서울특별시 물순환 회복 및 저영향개발 기본조례?(이하, 서울시 물순환조례)로 전부개정된 배경과 주요 내용, 특징 등을 분석하여, 빗물관리조례에서 물순환조례로 전부개정된 의미를 도출하는 것이 목적이다. 연구 결과, 기존의 서울시 빗물관리조례가 개별적인 빗물이용시설을 설치하는데 권장하고 지원하는 역할을 했다면, 이번에(2014.1) 전부개정된 서울시 물순환조례는 빗물관리의 정량적 수치를 제시하고 이를 인허가와 연계함으로써 물관리정책의 구체적인 실행수단을 확보하였고, 저영향 계획구역을 지정하고 저영향개발 지구단위계획을 수립할 수 있도록 함으로써 서울시의 물관리계획과 도시계획의 접목을 강화하였다는 점이 주요 특징으로 분석되었다. 서울시 빗물관리조례 전부개정은 기존의 개별적 · 점적 빗물관리에서 도시계획적 · 면적 빗물관리로의 전환을 의미하며, 물순환 계획 · 설계요소 개발이나 저영향개발 지구단위계획 수립지침 마련 등 도시 분야에서 물순환도시 조성을 위한 더욱 적극적인 방안 마련과 제시가 요구된다고 하겠다. The ?Seoul Metropolitan Ordinance on Rainwater Management」was recently fully revised into the ?Seoul Metropolitan Ordinance on Water Circulation Recovery and Low Impact Development?. This study analyzed the main contents and characteristics to comprehend the meaning of this entire revision. The results are as follows: while the ?Seoul Metropolitan Ordinance on Rainwater Management?supported the use of installed rainwater facilities, the ?Seoul Metropolitan Ordinance on Water Circulation Recovery and Low Impact Development? concentrates on integrating water management planning into urban planning by suggesting the amount of rainwater management and links to the approval process and by permitting zoning designation and district unit planning for low impact development. This complete revision transforms rainwater policy from spot management to urban area management and thus calls for a review of comprehensive water planning and demands efforts to give shape to low impact development in the urban planning and design fields, for instance, by suggesting urban planning and design elements for water circulation or composing urban design guidelines for low impact development.

LID기반 지구단위계획 수립기법 개발 및 LID 효과 모의

손철희(Cheol Hee, Son),백종인(Jong In, Baek),김동현(Dong Hyun, Kim),한경민(Kyung Min, Han),반영운(Yong Un, Ban) 한국지역개발학회 2016 한국지역개발학회 세미나 논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

This study aimed at developing LID-based district planning techniques, and simulating effects of LID-based district planning. Analyses were progressed with the following order. First, establishing process and principles of LID-based district planning were set up through analyses on related literature, and LID-based district planning technique (proposal) was deduced. Second, FGI was executed to develop the technique. To secure its objectivity, FGI (Focus Group Interview) was progressed three times. Third, LID-based district planning was established by selecting the object place, and LID effects were simulated. Simulation was made by using multilateral impact assessment tool. Research results are as follows. First, LID-based district planning technique was developed. Principles were derived from ‘Preventing flood damage,’ ‘Securing good environment,’ and ‘Minimizing developmental impact area.’ Establishing procedures were composed of steps like basic survey, comprehensive analyses, basic design, plans by section, and each step had detailed phases. Second, a fact was verified that LID-based district planning technique reduced non-point pollution source and rainfall runoff and had sufficient ability in achieving environmental performances which enhanced ecosystem through a simulation on LID-based district planning effects. Third, LID-based district planning can be evaluated as a comprehensive plan which achieves environmental performances and ensures development of areas as well.

저영향개발 디지털트윈 분석 모듈 개발 및 적용

원창연(Chang Yeon Won),심인경(Inkyeong Sim),전환돈(Hwandon Jun),박종표(Jongpyo Park) 한국방재학회 2022 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구에서는 다양한 강우 시나리오에 대한 LID 해석이 가능한 디지털트윈 분석 모듈을 개발하였다. 저영향개발 디지털트윈 모형은 강우입력 모듈, SWMM 기반 LID 해석 모듈, 저수지추적기반 LID 해석 모듈과 후처리 모듈로 구성된다. 개발된 모형에서 적용이 가능한 강우시나리오는 빈도별 확률강우량, 최근 10년간 일단위 기왕호우에 대한 모의가 가능하며 소유역별에 대한 강우-손실-유출결과와 총 LID 시설(5가지 유형)에 대한 유입-유출량 등에 대한 결과를 제공하고 있다. 이와 같이 개발된 LID DT 모형을 이용하게 되면 저영향개발 시설계획 단계에서부터 운영관리 단계까지의 일련의 과정에서 대상지역의 물순환 개선효과 및 수질 저감효과 등의 다양한 물환경정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, a digital twin analysis module capable of LID (Low Impact Development) interpretation for various rainfall scenarios was developed. The low-impact development digital twin model consists of a rainfall input module, a SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) -based LID analysis module, a reservoir tracking-based LID analysis module, and a post-processing module. Rainfall scenarios that can be applied in the developed model can simulate stochastic rainfall by frequency and daily heavy rainfall over the last 10 years. Additionally, the results of rainfall-loss-outflow for subwatersheds and inflow-outflow for total LID facilities (five types) are provided. If the LID DT (Digital Twin) simulator developed in this way is used, various water environment information such as the water circulation improvement and water quality reduction effects in the target area can be provided in a series of processes from the low-impact development facility planning stage to the operation management stage.

저영향개발기법이 도시 유출에 미치는 영향

김희수(Heesoo Kim),정건희(Gunhui Chung) 한국습지학회 2021 한국습지학회지 Vol.23 No.4

도시개발의 지나친 진행에 따라 불투수면의 증가로 인해 유출이 증가되어 도시 홍수에 대한 우려가 증가되고 있으며, 도시 유역의 물순환을 개발 이전과 같은 상태로 되돌리고자 하는 노력이 지속되고 있다. 이를 위한 노력으로 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID) 기술이 저류, 침투, 증발산과 같은 기작을 통해 도시개발 전후의 수문 현상을모사하기 위해 주목받기 시작했으며, LID를 실제 유역에 도입할 수 있는 기법에 대한 연구가 국·내외에서 활발하게이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시 소유역에 강우-유출 수문모형인 SWMM의 모의를 통해 LID를 적용하여 목표로 유출량 저감 효과를 시나리오 별로 분석 및 평가하였다. SWMM-LID 모형을 가산1빗물펌프장 유역을 대상으로구축하였으며 옥상녹화와 투수성 블록 포장 기법을 기법별 정성평가를 통해 유역에 적용할 LID 기법으로 선정하였다. SWMM내에서 저류 및 침투를 통한 총 유출량 감소 효과를 위해 설정되어야 하는 각 인자들을 설계 하였으며, 6가지 시나리오를 선정하여 모의한 결과, 투수성 포장에 의한 저감 효과가 옥상녹화에 의한 저감 효과보다 더 크게나타났다. 향후 유역의 특성에 맞는 LID 시설의 설계가 필요하며, 특히 서로 영향을 미치는 하천이나 지하수위 등 도시 수자원 요소들은 전체 시스템에서 고려할 수 있도록 고려되어야 한다 Due to rapidly increased urbanization, impervious area has been extended and concerns about urban flooding has been increased as well. A lot of effort has been made to restore the urban water circulation. Low Impact Development (LID) technology that consist of retention, infiltration, and evapotranspiration has begun to attract attention to simulate the hydrologic phenomenon before and after development. Many researches on the technique is being actively conducted. In this study, the effect on reducing runoff in urban catchment was analyzed and evaluated by applying LID techniques using SWMM and six scenarios. A SWMM-LID model was built for the Gasan 1 rainwater pumping station basin, and Green Roof and Permeable Pavement were selected as LID techniques to be applied. As a result, the reduction effect of the permeable pavement was larger than green roof. In the future, the results could be used to design a LID facility using the characteristics of the watershed, and other urban water resource factors such as river and groundwater levels that affect each other should be considered, so that the entire system can be considered.

LID 기법 적용에 따른 물순환 효과분석

이정민,이윤상,최종수 한국습지학회 2014 한국습지학회지 Vol.16 No.3

지금까지 우리나라는 빗물을 빨리 그리고 많이 집수하여 배수하는 중앙 집중식 빗물관리 방식을 취하면서 도시 환경에많은 악영향을 미쳐왔다. 이제는 개발 이전의 자연 상태에 최대한 근접하는 빗물 침투와 증발산이 이루어지도록 발생원에서 분산형으로 빗물을 관리하도록 개발할 필요가 있다. 이는 개발로 인한 영향을 최소화하는 저영향개발(LID; LowImpact Development)기법이기도 하다. 이러한 자연 순응형 빗물관리에 따라 개발로 인한 유출량 저감, 열섬 현상 저감 등기후변화에 대응하는 새로운 도시 조성을 기대해 볼 수 있다. 이에 따라 신도시 개발 지구 등에서 LID 시설의 적용 계획에 따른 물순환 영향 연구 사례가 보고되고 있다. 다만, 단지나 신도시와 같이 대규모 개발 부지에서 LID 시설과 기법을개발 초기부터 계획, 설계하여 적용한 사례가 거의 없다. 또한, 대규모 개발 사업의 LID 적용 계획에 따른 물순환 복원효과 예측과 실제 적용 후 물순환 복원 효과를 연구한 사례도 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 개발 부지에 계획한 아산 탕정 LID 물순환 시범도시의 물순환 개선 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 향후 개발에 따른 도시 물순환 회복을 위한 도시 물관리 계획 패러다임의 변화 여부를 검토하고자 한다. 도시 물순환 개선효과 모의는 최근 EPA(United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, 미국환경보호국)에서 LID 시설을 모의할 수 있도록 개선·개발한 SWMM5 모형을 이용하였다. At present, the development in rainwater management approach is still insufficient due to the numerous adverse effects ofurbanization. Storm water management is being developed to restore the natural state of water cycle undergoing severalprocesses which were hindered such as infiltration and evapotranspiration. Low Impact Development (LID) was establishedin order to reduce the negative effects of urbanization to our environment. These developments can be used to respond tothe effects of climate change such as heat island phenomenon. The effects of the development of new town in the districtplan with application of LID facilities were studied and reported. Typically, LID facilities were applied in small scaledevelopment and were rarely used in large-scale development. Most of studies, however, did not assessment the effects oflarge-scale development projects with LID application to the natural water cycle. This study was conducted to simulate theurban hydrologic cycle simulation on Asan-Tangjeong in Korea. This study may be used in urban hydrologic cyclesimulation and establishment of an urban water management plan in the future. Lastly, this study generated a model usingthe recently updated SWMM5 which determined the hydrologic cycle simulation after installation of LID facilities.

Effects and Problems of the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design and Prior Consultation System for LID

( Reeho Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.-

We are experiencing diversified meteorological disasters including heat wave, tropical night, urban flood and droughts every year. Against this backdrop, Low Impact Development (LID) and Green Infrastructure (GI) are drawing attention as new solutions in order to adapt to climate change and create more pleasant urban environment. Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) and prior consultation system for LID are cited as representative governmental institutions with regard to water cycle management. G-SEED plays a leading role in sustainability in the construction sector. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Ministry of Environment jointly introduced Eco-friendly Building Certification System for apartment houses in 2002. As the Green Building Development Support Act has put in force in February 2013, it has turned into G-SEED. As the certification standard was revised in September 2016, evaluation items of water cycle management, the fourth specialized sector, are comprised of 4 certification items including stormwater management, utilization of rainwater and effluent groundwater, utilization of water-saving devices and monitoring on the quantity of used water. Since 2014, the prior consultation system for LID has been enforced in accordance with Seoul Metropolitan’s Framework Ordinance on Urban Water Cycle Recovery and Low Impact Development. It aims to induce various development projects to establish a low impact development plan so that deteriorated water cycle management and damage to the water environment could be minimized. The presentation is focused on examining characteristics and effects of the two systems and discuss some present problems. It would be expected to help recover urban water cycle, improve water environment and preserve natural resources by expanding results of systematic implementation and resolving problems.

배수성포장을 적용한 클린로드시스템 개발 및 미세먼지 저감 효과 평가

권영주,신휘재,설지후,가현길,문성호 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.24 No.6

PURPOSES : Fine dust significantly affects the atmospheric environment, and various measures have been implement to reduce it. The aim of this study is to reduce fine dust on roads by implementing porous pavements and a clean road system using the low-impact development technique. METHODS : We conducted quality tests (draindown, cantabro loss rate, tensile strength ratio, dynamic stability, and indoor permeability coefficient tests) and performance evaluation (dynamic modulus and Hamburg wheel-tracking tests) on the porous asphalt mixture. Subsequently, we constructed a porous pavement road in a test bed and conducted a permeability test. In the test bed, we installed a nozzle, a water tank, and a fluid pump to water the roadside. After the clean road system was completely installed, we measured the concentration of fine dust before and after water was sprayed. Additionally, we conducted a total suspended solids (TSS) test to confirm the reduction in re-suspended dust. RESULTS : All results from the quality test of the porous asphalt mixture satisfy the standards stipulated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Results from the dynamic modulus test show a low plastic deformation resistance but a high fatigue crack resistance. The results from the Hamburg wheel-tracking test satisfy the U.S. Department of Transportation standards. After the porous pavement was constructed, a permeability test was conducted, and the result satisfies the standard value. Using a particle counter, we measured the concentration of fine dust before and after water spraying, and results show 12.08% and 10.23% for PM10 and PM2.5 particles, respectively. The results from the TSS test show that after the initial water spray, almost all re-suspended dust are removed from a road. In unfavorable road conditions, almost all re-suspended dust are removed after a second water spray. CONCLUSIONS : The results of all of quality tests performed on a porous asphalt mixture satisfy the standards. By applying the results to a test bed, the problem of securing water is solved. Using the clean road system, 12.08% and 10.23% of PM10 and PM2.5 particles are removed, respectively. The system removes PM10 particles (larger particles) more effectively compared with PM2.5 particles. IN the future, we plan to revise the maintenance plan such that the porous pavement can exhibit long-term performance. Because pipe freezing may occur in the winter, we plan to analyze the periodic maintenance plan of the porous pavement and develop a solution to mitigate the issue of freezing pipes in the winter.

바이오갈대와 바이오여재를 적용한 인공습지의 효율성 및 독 성평가

박다경,장순웅,최한나 한국환경생물학회 2017 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Recently, a low-impact development (LID) technic such as a wetland has been proposed as a Nature-friendly process for reducing pollutants caused by livestock wastewater. Therefore, the Daphnia magna toxicity was analyzed for livestock wastewater samples, to determine if a wetland system would also be effective in reducing this ecotoxicity. In the present study, acute D. magna toxicity was not significantly dependent on the presence and type of reed, nor type of media. However, when treated with construction wetlands, ecotoxicities decreased as well as TN, TP and COD concentrations. Therefore, it is considered that a construction wetland system with bio reeds and bio-media as well as general reeds would be effective to reduce the ecotoxicity of livestock wastewater. To apply a wetland system as the subsequent treatment process to a livestock waste water treatment facility, it is necessary to perform an integrated evaluation such as treatment efficiency and the ecotoxicity test for various characteristics of livestock wastewater. 축산폐수에 기인한 오염 물질 저감을 위해 최근 축산폐수 처리 후속공정으로 인공습지와 같은 자연친화적인 처리법 이 제안되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 자연친화적 공법이 수 생태독성 저감에도 효과적인지 알아보기 위해 다양한 공정 의 인공습지를 제작하여 축산폐수 시료를 대상으로 처리 전 후 오염저감율 및 물벼룩 급성 독성 변화를 분석하였다. 본 실험결과, 비록 갈대의 유무 및 종류, 그리고 여재의 종류에 따른 영향은 없으나 인공습지에 처리된 경우 유입수에 비해 TN, TP, COD 농도 저감과 더불어 생태독성 영향이 감소하 였다. 따라서 일반 갈대는 물론 바이오갈대와 바이오여재를 사용한 인공습지는 축산폐수의 TN, TP, COD 저감은 물론 생태독성 감소에도 효과적인 공법으로 판단된다. 향후 가축 분뇨 정화시설과 연계한 후속처리공정으로 적용하기 위해서 는 다양한 성상의 축산폐수를 대상으로 처리효율과 생태독 성시험이 연계된 통합평가가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

SWMM 모델을 활용한 상도동 지역의 우수유출관리 및 저영향개발의 유출저감효과 분석 연구

김재경,강준석 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.8

In this study, low-impact development (LID) was selected as a water circulation improvement technology, and runoff reduction in Sangdo-dong was analyzed using a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The aim of this study was to analyze the scale of an LID installation that can reduce the amount of runoff in Sangdo-dong by more than 15%. Based on the「Development of Landscape Guidelines for LID Techniques」published by the Ministry of Environment, a new type of rain-barrel technology was developed. A rain barrel and bio-retention cell were selected as technologies, and the LID parameter optimization was analyzed. A climate change scenario (RCP 8.5) was selected as the precipitation scenario, and the amount of runoff and runoff reduction were evaluated. As a result of the simulation, the total runoff the total runoff was 258.1 m³ when the LID technology was not installed, but when all LID technologies were applied, the total runoff was reduced by 40.3%, and the peak runoff was improved by 39.6%. In order to reduce the runoff by 15%, more than 40% of the LID should be installed in the usable area. 본 연구는 저영향개발(Low Impact Develpment; LID)을 물순환 개선 기술로 선정하고, SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)을 활용하여 상도동 지역의 유출 저감을 분석하였다. 또한, 상도동 지역의 유출량을 15% 이상 저감 할 수 있는 LID 기술의 도입 규모를 분석하는 것을 연구의 목표로 하였다. 본 연구는 환경부에서 발간한「저영향개발(LID) 기법 조경·경관 가이드라인」을 기반으로 새로운 형태의 빗물통(Rain barrel) 기술을 제안했다. 우수유출 저감 시나리오 구성을 위해 새로운 형태의 빗물통과 기존 형태의 식생체류지를 기술로 선정하고, LID Parameter 최적화 과정을 통해 유출량을 최소화 할 수 있는 매개변수를 모의하였다. 강우 시나리오로 기후변화 시나리오(RCP 8.5)를 선정하고, 발생 가능한 유출량과 LID 기술의 가용면적별 유출 저감량을 평가하였다. SWMM 모형적용 결과, LID 기술을 설치하지 않았을 때 총 유출량은 258.1 m³ 이며, 시나리오로 구성된 모든 LID 기술을 적용하였을 때 총 유출량을 40.3% 저감할 수 있었으며, 첨두 유출량은 39.6%까지 개선할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 목표로 한 15%의 유출 저감을 위해서는 LID 가용면적 40% 이상에 LID 시설을 설치해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

건축형 LID 시스템에서 Planter Box를 활용한 저류 및 유출저감 특성 분석

김병성,김재문,백종석,신현석 한국수자원학회 2019 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.52 No.3

Recently, research about Low-Impact Development (LID) techniques has been expanded due to problems with the effects of climate change and urbanization that have been increasing. LID technology is used to control flood damage environmentally to reduce runoff and is reduce runoff on city also restore into previous water circulation system from present developed city. However, studies about quantitative data of LID techniques are insufficient. Therefore in this study, the Curve Number (CN) was calculated with the Planter Box, which is storage type LID technology to conduct the water circulation (infiltration, runoff, overflow) analysis. Rainfall intensity scenario (60.4 mm/hr, 83.1 mm/hr, 97.4 mm/hr, 108.2 mm/hr) about water circulation analysis of Planter Box is selected on the basis of probable rainfall intensity table. According to the experimental results, the storage rate of rainwater in Building Planter Box and Street Planter Box was 43.5% to 52.9% and 33.4% to 39%, respectively. In addition, CN value is estimated to 83 at the Planter box and the runoff reduction effect by applying Horton's infiltration capacity curve showed on 51% to 98%. 최근 기후변화와 도시화로 인한 수재해 문제가 증가하고 있으며, 이에 대응방안인 저영향개발(Low-Impact Development, LID) 기법에 관한 연구가 확대되고 있다. LID 기법은 도시 내의 우수유출수를 저감시켜 다양한 수재해 문제를 친환경적으로 제어하고, 도시 개발 이전의 물순환 체계로 회복시키는 기술이다. 하지만 LID 기법에 관한 정량적 데이터가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저류형 LID 기술인 식생화분(Planter Box)의 Curve Number (CN)값을 산정하여, 물순환(침투, 유출, 월류수) 분석을 실시하였다. Planter Box의 물순환 분석에 관한 강우강도 시나리오(60.4 mm/hr, 83.1 mm/hr, 97.4 mm/hr, 108.2 mm/hr)는 부산시 확률강우강도표(2010)를 이용하여 선정하였다. 실험 결과는 건물화분3 (BPB-3)과 거리화분3(SPB-3)에서 우수저류율이 각각 43.5%∼52.9%, 33.4%∼39.0%로 나타났다. 또한 BPB-3에서 CN값은 평균 83이 산출되었고, Horton 침투능 곡선식 적용에 따른 우수유출효과는 17%∼96%로 나타났다.