소규모 주택정비사업 활성화를 위한 제도개선 방안

조필규(Cho, Pil-Kyu),김은유(Kim, Eun-You) 한국토지공법학회 2020 土地公法硏究 Vol.90 No.-

최근 도시정비사업에 대한 비판적 인식과 더불어, 주택가격 급등과 이를 막기 위한 부동산 정책이 강화되고 있다. 특히, 정부에서는 “소규모주택정비사업” 추진을 통해서 도심 내 주택공급과 노후 주거지의 주거환경을 위해서 “소규모주택정비법”을 제정하고, 동시에 도심 내 주택공급 활성화를 위해 각종 제도개선을 추진하고 있다. 이러한 제도개선의 특징을 보면, 주로 공공성 요건 충족 시 공기업의 공동시행자로서의 사업참여 허용, 확정지분제 도입, 저렴 주택공급, 난개발 방지 등 거시적인 관점에서의 사업 추진과 사업대상지 조건 및 지원 등의 내용을 위주로 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 물론 사업 초기에 공공성 확대와 사업확대를 지원하고 건축규제 완화를 통해 사업지원을 강화하는 것도 필요하지만, 향후 보다 효율적이고 추진 주체(주민)의 입장을 고려한 “소규모주택정비사업” 활성화를 위해서는 “소규모주택정비법” 제도개선을 시작으로 “소규모주택정비사업” 관련 타법의 제도개선 사항도 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. In addition to the critical perception on the “Urban Improvement Project”, the real estate policies to prevent the skyrocketing housing prices and to restrict it has been strongly enforced. Especially, the government enacted the new law, “Act on Special Cases Concerning Un-occupied House or Small-Scale Housing Improvement“ in order to supply enough housing in the city-center and to improve the residential environment of old residential areas through the promotion of the “Small-Scale Housing Improvement Project.” At the same time, the government has implemented various institutional improvements for promoting housing supply in the inner city. Analyzing on the characteristics of these institutional improvements, it is mainly focused on the conditions and support for the project targets and the macroscopic point of view such as permitting business participation as a joint operator of public enterprise when the requirements of public purpose are met, introducing a defined equity system, supplying cheap housing, and preventing sprawling development. Of course, in the early stages of the policy, it is necessary to strengthen the characteristics as a public purpose and encourage the implementation of the project, as well as strengthen project support by deregulation of constructions. However, in order to revitalize the “Small Housing Improvement Project” in consideration of effectiveness and the perspective of the principal subjects(residents) in the future, in addition to the “Small Housing Improvement Act,” other institutional reforms related to the “Small Housing Improvement Project” should be also introduced further.

공공부문 인적자원개발 우수기관 인증제의 통합적 개선체계 수립에 관한 연구

오정록 ( Oh Jeong Rok ),박준우 ( Park Jun Woo ),김봄이 ( Kim Bom-i ) 한국행정사학회 2020 韓國行政史學誌 Vol.49 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 한국의 공공부문 인적자원개발 우수기관 인증제의 연도별 개선 제안사항에 대한 유형 분석을 통해 통합적 개선체계를 수립하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 인증제 관련 문헌 고찰과 더불어 인증제 심사위원 11명에 대한 설문 조사 및 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 연도별 개선 제안사항의 유형 분석을 통해 수립된 통합적 개선체계는 크게 운영조직, 심사, 사업홍보, 사후관리의 4유형으로 구분되며, 심사위원들의 개선 의견을 반영하고 나아가 2020년 제도 개선반영 여부를 연계한 결과, 향후 검토 가능한 개선과제 현황은 역사적 변천 과정의 결과로서 총 43가지로 세분화된다. 이러한 분석결과의 함의는, 향후 문제점과 제도 개선의 필요성이라는 관점에서 개선체계의 각 유형별로 자세히 논의되었다. 나아가 이러한 함의를 공공기관 경영평가 제도의 경우와 비교함으로써, 추가적인 Best HRD 인증제 개선의 필요성을 유사 제도 벤치마킹, 인적자원 특화 제도로서의 전문화, 근본적인 제도 개선 처방이라는 세 가지 측면에서 강조하였다. 본 연구는 향후 개선 필요사항의 도출, 정리, 실행 단계의 지속가능한 선순환 구조 구축에 행정사적으로 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to establish an integrated improvement system for the Best Human Resources Developer (Best HRD) certification scheme in Korean public sector through the type analysis of improvement suggestions by year. For this, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and interview with 11 judges of the certification scheme in addition to the literature review. The integrated improvement system established through the type analysis of improvement suggestions for each year is largely divided into four types: operating organization, audit, scheme promotion, and follow-up management. As a result of reflecting the judges’ opinions about improvement and linking whether or not to reflect the scheme improvement implemented in 2020, the status of improvement tasks that can be reviewed in the future is divided into 43 categories through the historical transition. The implications of analysis results were discussed in detail for each type of improvement system in terms of the future problems and the need for scheme improvement. Furthermore, by comparing these implications with the case of the management evaluation system of public institutions, the need for additional improvement of the Best HRD certification scheme was emphasized in terms of (1) benchmarking similar schemes, (2) specialization as a specialized scheme for human resources, and (3) the prescription for fundamental scheme improvement. The analysis results and implications of this study are expected to contribute to building a sustainable virtuous cycle in the development, reorganization, and implementation stages of improvement needs in the future in terms of the history of public administration.

Education as a catalyst for healthcare transformation -Experiences from a quality improvement education initiative

( Bo Bergman ),( Andreas Hellstrom ),( Svante Lifvergren ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Purpose - Quality improvement programs are still quite rare in healthcare, and often healthcare professionals that are given roles like ―quality managers”, ―organization development” or ―improvement leaders” do not have a common understanding of a basic underlying theory of quality improvement. As Deming, inspired by the pragmatic philosopher C I Lewis, said: ―Without a theory experiences teaches nothing”. In 2003 the Division of Quality Sciences at Chalmers was asked to provide a common theory to quality managers and improvement leaders - an academic course (30 ECTS) was created. Based on the very positive responses from the participants of this course and their employers we decided to create a Centre for Healthcare Improvement (CHI) at Chalmers with a focus on research and education with a pronounced objective to make a difference to healthcare organizations especially in the region of Vastra Gotaland. From these experiences we want to suggest that education could be used as a catalyst for healthcare transformation. Methodology - Since the starting point of the educational initiative in 2004 we have followed the development of improvement activities and educational initiatives in the surrounding healthcare system, i.e. the Vastra Gotaland region with special emphasis on the Skaraborg hospital group and the Regional Cancer Centre Vast as cases. Findings - Education has been at the core of the initiative at CHI and a lot of improvement activities have been catalysed through the course participants and their organizations. A research program with an action research profile supporting healthcare transformation has been created. The education together with this research has created a snowball effect leading to many improvement projects and a shift towards an improvement, process oriented and customer/patient focused culture in the participating healthcare organizations. Originality - In today´s search for remedies of the emerging health care crisis new ways of improving healthcare are needed. Education has been suggested as an important possibility. However, few long term results have been published - especially not long term effects from continual education in improvement science. The contribution herein gives a contribution to the literature on improvement science and corresponding education initiatives.

한국 스마트팩토리품질이 생산성향상과 유연성향상에 미치는 영향: 조직학습의 매개효과 중심으로

김현규 한일경상학회 2021 韓日經商論集 Vol.93 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to focus on analyzing the direct influence relationship of vision, cooperation shared through organization learning, superior’s leadership, individual ability development and participatory decision making on the productivity and flexibility improvement, and to identify whether the smart factory quality is necessary in improving the productivity and flexibility. Therefore, targeting the manufacturing workers in Busan and Gyeongnam region, it intends to research the effect of understanding smart factory quality on the productivity improvement and flexibility improvement, and identify whether smart factory quality has the mediating role of organization learning in the relationship between productivity and flexibility improvement. Research design, data, and methodology: Total 400 questionnaires are distributed, and 83.5%(334 copies) are collected, and 57 copies with unfaithful responses are excluded among them, the statistic analysis is conducted to final 277 copies. The data collected through survey is coded and analyzed by IBM SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 statistics package. In order to check the regularity based on the data collected through survey, and the values of descriptive statistics, skewness and kurtosis of each questions on survey items and frequency analysis are identified and reviewed the appropriateness of many questions suggested through the Exploratory factor analysis in relation with smart factory quality, productivity improvement, Flexibility improvement, organization learning. And the internal consistency of variables is verified through the reliability analysis and correlation analysis using Cronbach’s α value. Finally, the mediating regression analysis is conducted to check the mediation of organization learning. Results: As a result of hypothesis verification, the smart factory quality is found to have the significant impact on the productivity improvement and flexibility improvement. As a result of mediating regression analysis of organization learning, the organization learning is analyzed to have partial mediating effect in the relationship between smart factory quality and productivity improvement. Implications: These study results mean that the smart factory quality influences the productivity improvement without the organization learning, mediating factor, in the relation between smart factory quality and productivity improvement. In relation between smart factory quality and flexibility improvement, the organization learning is analyzed to have the partial mediating effect. These study results mean that the smart factory quality influences the flexibility improvement without the organization learning, mediating factor, in the relation between smart factory quality and flexibility improvement.

검체채취실의 고객만족도 향상

박연보 ( Youn Bo Park ),강희정 ( Hee Jung Kang ),권흥만 ( Hung Man Kwon ),안상진 ( Sang Jin Ahn ),양석환 ( Suk Hwan Yang ),태연주 ( Yeun Ju Tae ),진영희 ( Young Hee Chin ),조현구 ( Hyon Koo Jo ),이복자 ( Bok Ja Lee ),구선회 ( Sun 대한임상검사과학회 2004 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.36 No.2

The sample collection room(SCR) will have much more influence than all the other departments for the improvement of hospital image, if anyone coming to the SCR in the hospital goes back with the perfect complacency and because most clients who have much stresses and fatigues pay a final visit to the SCR via receipt-diagnosis- acceptance process. SCR has improved its image for the purpose of gratifying clients, in order for clients to visit the hospital again, the quality improvement(QI) team in the Diagnosis Inspection Medical Department has come to a conclusion as follows. The degree of client gratification before improvement marks 65.9 point, but the degree after improvement was 74.2 point. Therefore, satisfaction has increased by 8.3 points. The degree of client gratification in groups before improvement marks (1) service parts-89.2 points (2) facilities and environments-49.1 point (3) toilet facilities-46.3 point. But its gratification after improvement marks (1) 92.5 point (2) 60.1 point (3) 61.0 point. Therefore the degree of satisfaction has increased by (1) 3.3 point, (2) 11.0 point, (3) 14.7 point. The progress of facility improvement plans and the exclusion of improvement on the facility contents in the hospital have made facilities and environments of SCR and toilet facilities to be poorly improved. Although service parts have a good mark, and the facilities and environments are not scoring well, the whole degree clients`` gratification of SCR couldn``t be helped by the low grade. Therefore the bottom line for the clients`` gratification of SCR in the future is to ameliorate the facilities and environments. SCR will take the clients`` gratification survey every year and if any items get low marks, that is, below 90 point throughout the survey, SCR will immediately starts the improvement work for the clients`` gratification with operating the programs of controlling quality continually, and SCR should induce the operation of services, participating in the kind campaign drive for clients. So SCR will adopt the incentive system for the best staff members who perform these kinds of services.

Continuous Quality Improvement as a Central Tenet of TQM: History and Current Status

( Behrooz Lahidji(phd) ),( Walter Tucker(phd) ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Purpose: The great promise of continual quality improvement advocated by early quality gurus like Deming and Juran has not been fully realized. This paper explores the reasons for the limited success of implementation and institutionalization of continuous quality improvement. Approach: About 100 quality professionals from a wide range of organizations answered questions related to this study. Additionally, the authors executed a wide ranging literature search including the use of Google Scholar. Findings: Nearly all quality professionals queried in this study agree that compliance to an external quality standard such as ISO is mandatory for their organizations. However, there is a wide range of opinions as to whether or not compliance with the continuous improvement proviso in most quality standards is actually implemented and functioning. Research limitations/implications: The sample size is small and there is a need for a larger universe of both quality professionals and academic researchers. Practical implications: Many organizations from a broad array of economic sectors both public and private must comply with external quality standards. Most external quality standards contain a requirement for evidence of continuous improvement. However, the potential for improvement associated with compliance is frequently not realized. Originality/value: Continuous quality improvement is central to many quality standards including ISO 9001. Unfortunately, many ISO compliant organizations are unable to operationalize and sustain the process of continual improvement. This paper provides a novel examination of this problem and suggests ways that organizations can leverage the potential for improvement via their existing quality systems.

대학병원 급식업무 개선 사례 연구

김형미,양일선,박은철,임현숙 한국의료QA학회 2000 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Background : In order to cope with changes in the management environment at hospitals, increased interests -are drawn in patient foodservice system on Continuous Quality Improvement Activity as the method of approaching a quality food service and-effective management. Thus. as a part .of this activity this study was conducted to evaluate job flow improvement.that was already performed and the results of that process at the dietetic department of a university hospital, focusing on improving management. Method : On February 15 of 1998. the dietetic department formed a job flow-improvement to decide on the priority of job flow improvement, and prepared specific action strategies and schedule of the priority: after a 5 month process period, job improvement achieved on -June 15. 1998. Also, economic achievement of the task was evaluated through labor productivity analysis and -cost-benefit analysis. Results : The patient food service system which was managed decentralized at the present hospital was centralized, some steps of the food service process were integrated, and quality of patient food was improved. Also. as a solution of the problems expected when conducting job flow improvement was made on food service equipments and utensils. The result of evaluating the job flow improvement that labor productivity improved by 18.2% compared to before the improvement and the result of the analysis of cost-benefit showed that Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio was 2.22. showing financial merit on the investment. Conclusions : Continuous Quality Improvement Activity needs to be initiated and conducted in the future in various areas of hospital foodservice system in order to actively adopt to ever changing hospital management environment. In order to achieve this goal. many researches and more efforts need to be put in by people in charge of hospital food service management, and interests and support are needed from hospital policy makers.

폐기물매립장 사업의 수환경 평가분야 개선방안 연구

지민규,안준영,이진희,주용준,이병권,김경호,장원석 한국환경연구원 2021 기본연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 □ 폐기물매립장에서 발생하는 침출수로 인한 수환경 문제가 지속적으로 제기되고 있어 이에 대한 적극적인 원인조사와 대응책 마련이 필요하다. 현재 폐기물매립장 사업으로 인한 환경적 영향을 사전에 예측·평가하고 그 영향을 피하거나 최소화할 수 있도록 환경영향평가 제도를 운영하고 있으나, 사후환경조사 결과에서 수환경 오염사례가 빈번히 확인되는 상황을 고려할 때 매립장 유래 침출수 관리에 대한 환경영향평가의 실효성을 면밀히 진단해볼 필요가 있다. 또한 폐기물 매립시설은 「환경영향평가법」 이외에도 「폐기물관리법」 및 「폐기물처리시설 설치촉진 및 주변지역지원 등에 관한 법률」 등에 의해 입지선정과 시설의 설치 및 관리가 이루어지므로, 환경영향평가 시의 수환경 영향 평가항목과 현행 폐기물 관리 법제도를 연계하여 합리적인 개선방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. ㅇ 본 연구의 주요 목적은 폐기물매립장 사업의 운영에 따른 수질오염 사례를 조사·분석하고 문제에 대한 종합적인 원인파악과 함께 개선점을 강구하는 데 있다. 궁극적으로는 수환경 문제의 원인과 연계한 폐기물매립장 사업의 환경영향평가 개선방안을 마련하여 공사·운영 시의 적정 계획수립 및 관리방안 마련에 기여하고자 한다. Ⅱ. 폐기물매립장 시설 관리현황 및 침출수 발생 특성 □ 본 장에서는 국내 폐기물 매립시설의 전반적인 관리현황과 운영실태를 파악하기 위해 시설의 관리사항과 공공폐기물 매립시설의 운영결과를 조사하였다. 또한 매립장 유래 수환경 문제의 주요 원인인 침출수의 특성을 파악하고 오염원으로 인한 환경적 영향을 최소화하고자 매립장 종류 및 매립연한 등에 따른 수질 성상 변화를 알아보고 침출수의 효율적 처리를 위한 처리방법 등의 적용방안에 대해 검토하였다. ㅇ 수환경 영향을 저감하기 위한 매립장 관리사항은 수질조사기준, 침출수 수위관리기준, 복토기준 등이 해당하며, 이 외 매립시설 다짐효율, 침출수 감량률, 매립시설 구조물 안정성 현황이 관련되는 것으로 조사되었다. 운영실태조사 결과, 공공폐기물 매립장에서는 해당 지표의 관리가 미흡한 시설이 다수 존재하여 개선이 필요한 것으로 확인되었으며, 관리사항은 제3장의 수질오염 원인분석 및 대책과 제4장의 환경영향평가 평가기법 개선안에서 구체적으로 다루었다. ㅇ 침출수 성상은 매립폐기물의 종류 및 매립 기간 등에 따라 수질특성과 오염원의 생분해성 정도가 다르므로, 환경영향평가 시 적절한 침출수 처리시설의 구축과 효율적인 시설운영을 위한 계획수립을 하여야 한다. 연구에서는 이를 위해 반입폐기물과 단계별 매립에 따른 예상 수질 성상을 파악하여 적정 처리공법의 설계와 시기별 공정 운영관리 방안 수립을 제안하였다. Ⅲ. 수질오염 원인분석 및 대책 □ 매립장 유래 수질오염 사례의 광범위한 조사는 종합적인 원인분석과 이의 개선방안을 마련함에 있어 기초자료로서 중요하다. 연구에서는 언론 및 관계부처 보도자료, 학술자료, 기술진단 보고서, 공공데이터 등의 광범 자료를 조사·분석하였으며, 문제의 원인을 파악하고 개선점을 도출하기 위해 전문가 세미나, 현지합동조사(환경영향평가 대상사업) 및 관계자 인터뷰, 이해관계자 설문조사 등을 수행하였다. ㅇ 「폐기물관리법」 등에서 폐기물 매립시설의 설치기준, 관리기준, 사후관리기준 등의 단계별 준수사항이 제시되어 있음에도 불구하고, 미흡한 시설의 계획과 설치, 운영 시 관리기술 부족 등으로 수환경 영향이 발생한 것으로 확인되었다. 조사결과 침출수 유래 수환경 영향의 문제원인은 차수시설, 침출수 처리시설, 침출수 관리수위 및 매립 및 복토 등으로 시설의 설치 시부터 운영 및 관리 시까지 다양하게 파악되었으며, 관련한 개선방안은 매립장 설계, 시공, 운영관리의 기술적 부분을 중심으로 제안하였다. ㅇ 폐기물매립장 이해관계자(설계·감리·시공, 시설운영관리 및 환경영향평가 대행업체) 설문조사는 매립장 입지, 계획(설계), 시공, 운영관리 및 환경영향평가 분야로 나누어 진행하였다. 설문지 응답결과, 침출수 유래 수환경 영향의 원인과 밀접하게 관련 있는 사항은 1) 매립장 입지 선정 시: 지반 특성, 2) 설계 시: 차수공법, 3) 시공시: 차수막 손상 방지, 4) 매립장 운영 시: 자연재해 및 침출수 처리공정, 5) 기타: 입지배제 기준 확립 등으로 확인되었다. ㅇ 상기 언급한 사항들은 환경영향평가의 평가기법 개선을 위한 기반자료로서 유용하게 적용될 것으로 판단되며, 도출된 사항 중 주요 내용에 대해서는 제4장의 환경영향평가 평가기법 개선안 파트와 연계하여 구체화하였다. Ⅳ. 환경영향평가 평가기법 개선안 □ 폐기물매립장 사업의 환경영향평가를 실효적으로 수행하기 위해서는 수환경 문제의 원인과 연계한 개선안 반영과 환경영향평가서 작성에 대한 표준화 방안을 마련해야 한다. 연구에서는 평가서 작성현황의 내용과 제3장의 연구결과를 환경영향평가 전문가에게 공유하여 평가 전반에 대한 문제점과 개선사항 의견을 수렴하였으며, 이의 자문 결과물을 최종 정리하여 전문가 포럼을 운영하였다. 포럼에서 환경영향평가 부문의 최종 개선사항으로 도출된 내용은 환경영향평가서 작성현황의 분석과 적용 가능성 확인 등을 거쳐 환경영향평가 매뉴얼과 입지 가이드라인(안)에 반영하였다. ㅇ 환경영향평가서 작성 및 검토 매뉴얼의 보완사항으로는 대안비교 검토, 침출수 발생량 산정, 침출수 차수시설, 유량조정조 설치계획, 침출수 처리계획, 침출수 관리수위, 폐기물 매립방법(오니류 포함), 복토재 수급 및 관리계획, 사후환경영향조사계획 등이며, 전략환경영향평가 등 환경영향평가 사업 전반에 적용될 수 있는 주요 내용에 해당한다. 이의 주제는 대부분 기존의 환경영향평가서에 포함된 사항이나 금회 침출수로 인한 수환경 문제의 원인파악을 토대로 상당 부분 보완 및 개선된 내용으로 제안하였다. ㅇ 매뉴얼은 환경영향평가서 작성 및 검토 매뉴얼(평가항목별, 사업별)의 폐기물 처리시설 항목에 보완될 예정이며, 입지 가이드라인(안)은 전략환경영향평가 업무 매뉴얼 내 (개발기본계획) 제15장 폐기물·분뇨·가축분뇨처리시설의 설치 부분에 반영할 계획이다. 매립장 사업은 문제 발생 시 타 개발사업에 비해 환경적 영향이 매우 크며 지역·사회적으로도 민감도가 높으므로 향후 타 평가항목의 심도 있는 연구결과와 함께 별도의 가이드라인 및 매뉴얼 구축방안을 제안한다. Ⅴ. 폐기물 매립시설의 정책적 개선방안 □ 환경영향평가 개선안 도출 시 정책적 부분과 연계된 사항은 폐기물매립장의 관리에 대한 법제도 개정(안)으로 제안하였다. 관리에 대한 부분은 폐기물 매립방법, 침출수 관리수위, 지하수 검사정 오염기준 및 침출수 배출허용기준에 해당하며, 기타 사항으로 침출수 재이용 방안, 환경영향평가 시 사후환경영향조사 기간 등이 포함된다. 개정(안)과 연계된 법제도는 「폐기물관리법」, 「물의 재이용 촉진 및 지원에 관한 법률」, 「환경영향평가법」 등이며 <표 1>과 같다. ㅇ 법제도 개정(안)은 국내 폐기물매립장의 설계·감리 전문가, 환경영향평가 대행업체 전문가 및 공공기관(한국환경공단) 전문가의 의견수렴 과정을 거쳐 도출되었으며, 향후 개정안이 반영되려면 이슈별 보완 연구를 수행하여 필요성에 대한 정밀한 현황조사·분석 및 다양한 이해관계자의 의견을 추가적으로 수렴해야 할 것이다. □ 기타 법제도 개정(안) 이외에도 폐기물 매립시설의 정책적 개선방안으로 최신 매립장 운영기술 제도 장려(침출수 재순환 바이오리액터), 매립장 관리감독 범위 기준 강화와 전문인력 양성, 시설물 설치기준 강화를 위한 국고 지원범위 확대, 효율적인 매립장 점검계획 이행 및 관계기관의 폐기물매립장 관리범위 확대를 제안하였다. Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 □ 본 연구는 폐기물매립장 사업의 수환경 분야 환경영향평가 개선방안을 마련하고자 진행되었다. 매립장 시설의 공사·운영 시 침출수 중심의 수질 영향과 관련 있는 평가항목은 수환경(수질·수리수문, 지하수), 지형·지질 및 친환경적 자원순환으로서 금번연구를 통해 환경영향평가 시 미흡했던 사항을 보완 및 개선하였다. 연구결과는 대안비교 평가, 영향예측, 저감방안, 사후환경영향조사 등을 포함한 광범위한 내용으로 주요사항에 대해서는 환경영향평가서 작성 및 검토 매뉴얼과 입지 가이드라인(안)에 반영하였고, 법제도 개정 등이 병행되어야 하는 사항은 정책적 개선사항으로 제안하였다. 이번 연구는 광범위한 자료조사뿐만 아니라 매립장 설계·감리·시공 전문가, 환경영향평가 대행업체 전문가, 매립장 관리 공공기관 전문가 및 매립장 운영관리 실무자 등 다수 이해관계자의 의견을 종합적으로 수렴하여 현실적이고 실효성 높은 결과물을 도출한 것에 의의가 있다. 한편 매립장 침출수 유래 수환경 영향을 최소화 하려면 관련 법제도 및 가이드라인 등을 보완하고 개정(안)하는 것만으로는 한계가 있다. 따라서 향후 관계부처의 적극적인 기술지원(민간시설 포함) 및 지자체(사업자 주체포함)의 체계적인 운영관리·감독의 이행 등이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. Ⅰ. Research Purpose and Objective 1. Heading □ Water pollution caused by leachate generated from waste landfills continues to occur, for which proactive investigation and response measures are required. Currently, an environmental impact assessment system is in operation to predict and assess the environmental impact of waste landfill projects in advance in order to avoid or minimize the impact. However, the effectiveness of the environmental impact assessment for leachate management from landfill sites must be attentively diagnosed, considering the frequent identification of water pollution cases in post-environmental impact assessment outcomes. In addition, the designation of the site, and installation and management of the facilities of waste landfills are subject to the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, the Wastes Control Act, and the Installation of Waste Disposal Facilities and Assistance promoted to Adjacent Areas Act. Therefore, the water environmental impact assessment criteria for environmental impact assessment must in line with the current waste management act and regulations to develop a reasonable improvement method. ㅇ The main objective of this study was to investigate and analyze water pollution cases caused by the operation of waste landfill projects to comprehensively identify the causes of pollution and describe the improvements points. Ultimately, this study aims to establish measures to improve the environmental impact assessment of waste landfill projects, in conjunction with the causes of water environmental issues, to contribute to the development of appropriate plans and management measures for construction and operation. Ⅱ. Current State of Waste Landfill Facility Management and Characteristics of Leachate Generation □ This section presents the results of the investigation of the factors subject to facility management and the outcomes of operating public waste landfill facilities, to identify the general management and operation statuses of the South Korean waste landfill facilities. In addition, the changes in water quality and state depending on the type of landfill, age of landfill, etc., were studied, and the application methods for efficient leachate treatment were examined to identify the characteristics of leachate, which is the main cause of water environmental issues originating from landfills, and to minimize the environmental impact of polluted sources. ㅇ The factors subject to landfill management for reducing the impact on the water environment included water quality investigation standards, leachate level management standards, soil covering standards, etc. Furthermore, the compaction efficiency of landfill facilities, leachate reduction rate, and current state of structural stability of landfill facilities were found to be relevant. In the actual operation conditions survey, many facilities in public waste landfills were found to be insufficiently managing the corresponding indicators, for which improvements are necessary. The management factors are covered in detail in the third section "Analysis of the Cause of Water Pollution and Countermeasures" and the fourth section "Improvement Proposal for the Assessment Method in Environmental Impact Assessment" of this paper. ㅇ Since water quality properties and biodegradability of the pollution source based on the quality and state of leachate vary depending on the type of landfill waste and the age of landfill, it is necessary to establish an appropriate plan during environmental impact assessment for developing and efficiently operating a suitable leachate treatment facility. This study aimed to identify the estimated water quality and state based on the type of waste brought in and the landfill phase to design a suitable treatment technique and establish an operations management method of the process for each phase. Ⅲ. Analysis of the Cause of Water Pollution and Countermeasures □ Extensive research on water pollution cases originating from landfills is crucial for acquiring baseline data for comprehensively analyzing the cause and developing its improvement measures. A wide range of data was investigated and analyzed, including press releases by the media and relevant authorities, academic materials, technical diagnosis reports, and public data. Expert seminars, joint field surveys (environmental impact assessment target projects), interviews with relevant authorities, and stakeholder surveys were conducted to identify the cause of the issue and draw improvement points. ㅇ Despite the terms of obedience presented for each phase, including the standards for installation, management, and post-management for waste landfill facilities, in the Wastes Control Act and others, the water environment has been confirmed to be impacted by insufficient facility planning and installation, and lack of operations management technologies. Research showed that the water environmental impact originating from leachates stemmed from installation to operation and management periods of facilities for cutting off water flow, treating leachates, leachate management water level, dumping, and soil covering. The improvement methods proposed for the relevant causes were focused on the technical aspects, such as landfill design, construction, and operations management. ㅇ The landfill stakeholders (e.g., design, supervision and construction, facility operations management, and environmental impact assessment agencies) survey was divided into the landfill site, planning (design), construction, operations management, and environmental impact assessment before proceeding. Consequently, the responses revealed that the 1) ground properties at the time of landfill site selection, 2) water insulation techniques during design, 3) waterproof membrane damage prevention during construction, 4) natural disaster and leachate treatment processes during landfill operation, and 5) establishment exclusion criteria for other emplacements were closely related to the causes of leachate-derived water environmental impacts. ㅇ The data from the survey above was considered to be useful as baseline data for improving the assessment methods in environmental impact assessments, and the major contents from the factors drawn from above were correlated and specified under section four's improvement proposal for the assessment method in the environmental impact assessment part. Ⅳ. Environmental Impact Assessment Amendment Proposal □ Standardization measures are necessary for the preparation of environmental impact assessment and for the reflection of the improvement proposal associated with the causes of water environmental issues to carry out effective environmental impact assessments of waste landfill projects. In this study, the current content of the assessment report and the research results from section three were shared with environmental impact assessment experts to collect their views regarding the problems of the overall assessment and the possible improvements. The results of the survey were organized for the expert forum. The contents drawn as the final improvements for the environmental impact assessment by the forum were reflected in the environmental impact assessment manual and locational guideline (draft) after the analysis of the current method of preparation of the environmental impact assessment report and verification of its applicability. ㅇ The supplements to the environmental impact assessment report preparation and review manual corresponded to the examination of the comparison of alternatives, calculation of the generated leachate, leachate water insulation facility, installation plan of the flow control reservoir, treatment plan for the leachate, management of water level of the leachate, waste landfill method (including sludges), cover material supply and management plan, post-environmental impact assessment, etc., which correspond to the main contents applicable to the entire environmental impact assessment project including strategic environmental assessment. Most of their subjects were proposed as substantially supplemented and amended contents, based on the factors included in the existing environmental impact assessment reports and the causes of water environmental problems due to leachate uncovered from this study. ㅇ The manual will supplement the waste treatment facility section of the manual for preparation and review of environmental impact assessment report (by assessment criteria and by project), and the locational guideline (plan) will be reflected in Chapter 15, "Waste, Manure, and Livestock Manure Treatment Facility Installation," within the strategic environmental impact assessment manual (basic development plan). A problem resulting from a landfill project has a relatively significant environmental impact compared to other development projects. Thus, the development of a separate guideline and manual along with in-depth research for the assessment criteria of landfill projects is proposed for the future because these projects have high regional and social sensitivities. Ⅴ. Policy Improvement Measures for Waste Landfill Facilities □ While deriving improvements for the environmental impact assessment, those associated with the policy were proposed as legal amendments (draft) regarding waste landfill management. The waste landfill method, leachate water level management, well groundwater pollution monitoring standard, and permissible leachate emission standard corresponded to the parts relevant to management. The leachate reuse method and post-environmental impact assessment period during environmental impact assessment were also included as other criteria. The legislation related to the amendment (draft) were the Wastes Control Act, Act on Promotion and support of Water Reuse, and Environmental Impact Assessment Act, as presented in Table 1. ㅇ The amendment (draft) to the legislation was made after collecting opinions from experts in the design and supervision of domestic waste landfills, experts from environmental impact assessment agencies, and experts from public institutions (Korea Environment Corporation). It is considered that supplementary research for each issue, precise investigation and analysis of the necessity, and collection of opinions from diverse stakeholders must be entailed for the proposed amendment to be reflected in the future. □ Besides the legislation amendments (draft), other proposed policy improvement measures for waste landfill facilities included expanding the scope of government support for strengthening facility installation standards, encouraging recent landfill operation technology systems (leachate recirculation bioreactor), strengthening the standards for the scope of landfill management supervision and training professionals, executing efficient landfill inspection plans, and expanding waste landfill management scopes for relevant institutions. Ⅵ. Conclusions and Recommendations □ This study was conducted to develop improvement measures for environmental impact assessment of water environments in waste landfill projects. The evaluation criteria relevant to impact on water quality, mainly involving leachate, during the construction and operation of landfill facilities were water environment (water quality, hydrogeology, and groundwater), topographic and geological, and environment-friendly resource cycle, in which the insufficient factors during environmental impact assessment were supplemented and improved through this research. The essential points from the research results, as extensive content, including the evaluation of comparison of alternatives, impact forecast, reduction measures, and post-environmental impact assessment, were reflected in the environmental impact assessment report preparation, the review manual, and the locational guideline (plan). The points that required legislative amendment were proposed as policy improvements. This research was meaningful since not only extensive data were studied but also opinions from numerous stakeholders including landfill design, supervision, and construction experts, environmental impact assessment agency experts, landfill management public institution experts, and landfill operations management practitioners were comprehensively collected to derive realistic and highly-effective outcomes. Meanwhile, minimizing the water environmental impact originating from landfill leachate only through supplementations and amendments (draft) to the relevant legislation and guidelines is limiting. Therefore, proactive technical support from relevant authorities (including private facilities) and systematic operations management and supervision execution from local governments (including operator entities) are required.

논문 : 1930년대 조선의 농촌 생활개선사업과 “국민화”작업

김은주 ( Eun Ju Kim ) 서울대학교 국사학과 2012 韓國史論 Vol.58 No.-

This thesis analyzes the details of the life improvement project which was conducted as a part of the rural development movement of 1930s and tries to illuminate its ideological aspects. The fundamental purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the colonial policy of Japan in the early-to-middle 1930s, examining how the Japanese Government General of Joseon attempted to alter the mode of living of the Joseon farmers. In the early 1930s, Japan started the rural development movement in order to maintain its system through economic recovery in rural areas. However, it attempted to recover rural economy by forcing ``rehabilitation by Joseon`s efforts``, emphasizing the inner reformation in everyday lives. The life improvement project aimed at adjusting the farmers` mode of living to ``rehabilitation by Joseon`s efforts,`` so that the farmers were supposed to become tame ``subjects.`` The life improvement project at the period of the rural development movement is clearly differentiated with the previous ones. The Japanese Government General of Joseon controled the communal facilities of villages by building the governmental organizations on a national scale, and it made every households to bow to the administrative authority by checking and planning for the individual households. The life improvement project was conducted especially through the cooperation and mutual control of the rural communities such as the governmental organizations and women`s societies. With the aid of the forcibleness of local communities, they worked as the efficient means of mobilization. The life improvement project attempted to improve the overall mode of living such as food, lodge, clothe, ceremony, and customs. Its purpose was to emphasize frugality and diligence, while adjusting the Joseon farmers to the modern mode of living such as timekeeping and sanitation. Furthermore, Japan forced the Joseon farmers to perform duty as ``the japanese subjects,`` reminding them of the nation continuously. The stress of the concept of nation and its typical example, flag raising, demonstrate how the life improvement project in Joseon was different from the japanese one. The life improvement conducted by the Japanese Government General of Joseon was to impose ``duty`` of ``the japanese subjects`` on the Joseon people. The life improvement project is a clear evidence that in 1930s Japan started to strengthen their control over Joseon and to mobilize the Joseon people as ``the japanese subjects`` in earnest. The nationalist characteristic of the life improvement project that ran in parallel with the rural development movement shows that the project was a mobilization movement centered in nation. This is because the nation began interfering with people`s ``private`` spheres like food, lodge, clothing, and the traditional customs. The mobilization of the ``subjects`` in the improvement project worked as an advance preparation for the wartime. It can be concluded that in the name of ``national project`` Japan forced ``the life improvement`` within general mobilization order in a more thorough and more compulsory way than before.

의료기관 QI 담당자의 목표추구몰입에 관한 연구

김미숙,박재성,Kim, Mi-Sook,Park, Jae-Sung 보건의료산업학회 2008 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this research is to provide the data base for the activation of Quality Improvement operation through investigating the status of Quality Improvement operation, and finding out factors influencing on the goal-orientation of QI performers in the medical centers of more than one hundred beds where are practicing Quality Improvement operation. In order to reach the purpose, document study was carried out grounded on the proceeding researches and formulated statistical data in relation with the status of Quality Improvement performers, and proof study was carried out through questionnaire survey. The subjects of the survey were the Quality Improvement performers working in seventy three medical centers in Pusan-Gyeongnam, Daegu-Gyeongbuk, and Ulsan. Among eighty three Quality Improvement performers, fifty, five were questionnaire surveyed, on the result of which Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis were made, using statistical program. The the results of the proof analysis on this research are as follows. First, in the factors influencing the devoting to goal pursuit of QI performers, organization-goal contribution(0.44) had significant positive effects, while organization conflict(-0.25) had significant negative effects. In other words, the higher the organization-goal contribution was, the higher the devoting to goal pursuit was, while the less the organization conflict was, the higher the devoting to goal pursuit was, which was statistically significant.(p<0.05). Second, in the aspect of goal performance types of QI performers, the process-centered type showed high level of the devoting to goal pursuit, which was statistically significant.(p<0.05). Third, in the aspect of QI performance degree, the higher the devoting to goal pursuit was, the higher the QI performance degree was, which was statistically significant.(p<0.05). In addition, the performers who perceived their workplaces organic structure showed much higher QI performance degree, which statistically significant.(p<0.05). Generalizing the results of this research, it is possible to offer a few suggestions as follows. First, as the competition among the medical centers is more severe recently owing to medical center evaluation system, medical centers are practicing various Quality Improvement operation in all of medical services such as clinical performance and management performance, to reach the purpose of both cost-cutting and medical quality improvement. Thus in order to practice Quality Improvement operation more efficiently in medical centers, it is essential to nuke use of problem-solving methods and statistical members. This as the willingness of chief executives and positive attitude and recognition of organization members. This requires the installation of divisions in charge and disposition of persons in charge, not to speak of persistent training of Quality Improvement. Second, the divisions in charge of QI carry out Quality Improvement operation at the medical center level, and take the role of generalizing and adjusting QI performances of various departments. Owing to this role, the division in charge of QI is considered indispensable organization in the QI operation of medical centers along with medical QI committee, while it contributes to the government's goal of reducing quality level gaps among medical centers. Therefore it is necessary for government and QI organizations to give institutional support and resources for the sake of QI operation of medical centers, besides to supply systematic trainning and informations to the divisions and persons in charge of QI. Third, it is certain that disposition of persons in charge should be determined in view of the scale and the scope of QI operation in medical centers.