병원근무자들의 스트레스 증상에 영향을 미치는 요인

이명근,이명선,박경옥 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Nowadays, stress is one of the most important factors that affect workers' chronic diseases. In the case of China, medical demands increased under the national health service system after the market economy was introduced. These socioeconomic changes have affected the hospital workers' stress in China. We surveyed 428 hospital workers in Jilin Province in China from March 18 to March 29, 996. The results were as follows; 1. There were more women(67.8%) than men(31.1%) and those who graduated from technical school were 54.2%. The workers whose monthly income ranged from 400 to 499 Yuen were 37.9% by Chinese currency. For occupational characteristics, there were 36.4% doctors and 30.1% were nurses among the hospital workers. 29.9% had worked for 10∼20 years in the hospital and 80.1% said their workload was moderate. 25.9% were satisfied with their jobs and 33.2% had good relationships with superiors and 37.4% had good relationships with co-workers. 2. For health habits, 22.7% were current smokers and 51.2% were scarcely drank. among this subjects. Those who ate breakfast almost everyday were 87.1% and the workers who ate between meals almost everyday were 50.2%. 83.8% slept for 7∼8 hours at night. Only 14.0% of the workers exercised regularly were only 14.0% and 18.5% were obese. 3. Hospital workers' stress symptom was significantly related to age and monthly income. The workers who were 19 years old or less or 40 years old or more, and had higher monthly income showed higher stress symptoms than those who were between 20-39 and had lower monthly income. Higher stress symptom was also significantly related to the heavy workload, the dissatisfaction with their job and the bad relationship with their superiors and co-workers. 4. Higher stress symptoms were significantly related to drinking and hours of sleep among the seven health habits. The more frequently the workers' drank, the higher the stress symptoms were and the workers who slept for 7∼8 hours at night had lower stress symptoms than those who slept for 6 hours or less or 9 hours or more. 5. According to the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting hospital workers' stress symptoms were monthly income in personal characteristics (R2=0.0227), job satisfaction and workload (R2=0.0742) in occupational characteristics, and drinking and hours of sleep (R2=0.0446) among the seven health habits. Consequently, the most significant factors that had affected hospital workers' stress symptom in China, were job satisfaction and drinking according to the premises of the questionnaire.

Analysis of Job Satisfaction Rate According to Participation of Sports Activities of Workers at Rehabilitation Hospital

( Kyung Min Moon ),( Yang Jin Yoon ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: A rehabilitation hospital is a hospital that provides treatment for physical problems to help patients with disabilities to live a normal life as much as possible. There are various types of professional workers from each field working at a rehabilitation hospital. However, treatment services are being provided for patients with serious symptoms for many hours during a day and, as a result, the workers receive much more stress than people working at ordinary companies, which leads to a decline in job satisfaction rate. Accordingly, the purpose is in enhancing job satisfaction rate of rehabilitation hospital workers through participation in sports activities that provide great help to health management and work efficiency improvement. Method: For research subjects, nurses at rehabilitation hospitals in Pusan city, nursing assistants, physical therapist, occupational therapist and administrative workers were selected. Tests were conducted on a difference in job satisfaction rate according to demographical characteristics and the type of participation in sports activities. 400 questionnaire surveys were distributed to workers at 8 rehabilitation hospitals in Pusan city from April to May 2015 and questionnaire survey responses from 400 correspondents were collected, 396 out of which were electronically processed. The analysis methods used included frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach`s T-test, one-way ANOVA and Duncan test, which resulted in the following conclusions. Result: The result of test on job satisfaction rate according to demographic characteristics showed significant difference in gender, age, job, working period and job position variables. The result of test on job satisfaction rate according the type of participation in sports activities showed significant differences across all factors such as hours of exercise, frequency of exercise, type of exercise and the period of exercise. The analysis shows that, the higher the hours, frequency and the experience of exercise, and participation especially in aquarobic and aerobic exercises among various exercise types, increase job satisfaction rate. Conclusion: participation in sports activities positively affects job satisfaction rate of rehabilitation hospital workers. A comprehensive analysis of this research shows that it appears necessary to actively encourage sports activities because sports club activities of rehabilitation hospital workers, construction of athletic facilities and support for allocating exercise hours could improve job efficiency and create lively atmosphere at work.

병원종사자의 직업성 스트레스에 관한 연구 - 서울시내 500병상 이상 병원종사자를 중심으로 -

이우천,Lee, Woo-Cheon 한국병원경영학회 1998 병원경영학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this thesis is to study theoretical access to the methods that have been used for the research of occupational stress, thereby providing management methods of occupational stress of hospital workers. With a stress model of hospital workers set up from the viewpoint of organization management, 929 sets of questionnaires were collected from intern doctors, resident doctors, nurses, nursing aides, pharmacists, medical technicians, workers in patient affairs(reception and medical insurance workers), administrators and clerks from the 8 hospitals in Seoul with more than 500 beds. Upon variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis of the collected questionnaires, this work examined how differences in stress caused by specific occupations and formulated a method of stress management for the hospital workers. The results are as follows. 1) If some duties of the nurses suffering from role-overloaded stress are transferred to the nursing aides dissatisfied with insufficient role, the two grunting groups can be satisfied at the same time. It is also necessary to transfer some jobs of the overloaded workers in patient affairs to the administrators, or the other way around. To reduce stress of conflict and ambiguity of role caused by the obscure division of roles between the workers, the role of each occupation should be delineated and the clear division of roles should be translated into action strictly according to that delineated. 2) Stress of inefficiency of organization from which the student doctors suffer can be relieved by management of participation. If they have access to the process of decision-making in general hospital affairs and consequently their understanding and the autonomy of job performance are promoted, such stress will be reduced. 3) To cope with stress of career development from which nurses, medical technicians, administrators, workers in patient affairs suffer, it is necessary to establish whether they have a chance to revive their careers, whether there are any ways of remotivation for less contributive workers, and whether they encourage each other to develope their careers. If they are given a chance to develope their careers, such stress will be relieved. 4) Pharmacists, suffering from stresses of living and personal relations, have strong cohesive power among themselves and organize a well-integrated team; thereby reducing the stress of personal relations and increasing productivity. 5) For administrators and student doctors confined to lesser social supports and for nurses and workers in patient affairs whose recognition of stress and job satisfaction are affected by social supports, emotional and informational supports for job performance help alleviate an individual's mental, and physical stress. 6) In addition to the above-mentioned stress-management methods, if an organizational coping strategy is provided according to the types of stress from the general viewpoint of the whole group of hospital workers, it would be of great help to managing stress. For example, the redesign of jobs, the management of objective, the improvement of working environment, the formation of an autonomous working group and various working plans can be set up for those who suffer from stress related to inappropriate role, while career counseling and development of career process can be provided for those dissatisfied with career development. Participation in the process of decision-making and the restructuring of the organization are needed for those who suffer from stress of malfunctioning organization, whereas creation of a supportive organizational atmosphere is desired for those who feel stressed due to personal relations. As well, such organizational coping strategies. as the increase of welfare facilities, seminars and educational programs and provision of health-promotion facilities can be provided.

The Mental Health of Hospital Workers During the Initial Phase and Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Risk and Protective Factors in the Prolonged Pandemic

최휘영,이왕준,유명순,장진구,홍민하,김현수,이수영 대한불안의학회 2022 대한불안의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective : Hospital workers’ mental health has deteriorated because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandem- ic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on the men- tal health of hospital workers and its determinants. Methods : Two surveys were conducted among employees working in a hospital that received COVID-19 patients from the early phase of the pandemic in South Korea. Data on demographics, perceived threat, work- place evaluation, resilience, and mental health status were collected using the Korean General Health Ques- tionnaire-20 in the initial phase (February 2020) and during the third wave of COVID-19 (December 2020) for 467 and 545 workers, respectively. The mental health of hospital workers in the two phases was compared, and the risk and protective factors during the third wave were investigated. Results : The proportion of patients in the psychiatric high-risk group increased from 2.8% in the initial phase to 11.4% during the third wave. The perceived threat, workplace evaluation, and resilience of respon- dents deteriorated. Risk factors for mental health during the third wave included the perceived threat items of job stress, loss of control, and considering resignation. Protective factors included presence of children, work- place satisfaction, and hardiness in resilience. Conclusion : Hospital workers’ mental health deteriorated as the pandemic progressed. General stress and tension such as job stress, loss of control, considering resignation rather than COVID-19-specific stress had negative effects on mental health of hospital workers. Therefore, care for work stress itself can be helpful to maintain the mental health of hospital workers. Also, governance to improve workplace satisfaction or hardi- ness in resilience can be a potential protective factor for hospital workers’ mental health during the prolonged pandemic. (Anxiety and Mood 2022;18(2):80-91)

간병인의 노동실태와 직업교육훈련

김삼수 한일경상학회 2015 韓日經商論集 Vol.69 No.-

In South Korea, health care workers are working for inpatients in hospitals as well as for gerontic patients at homes. This paper investigates actual state of care workers’ working conditions and skill formation, and draw some useful policy implications for institutionalizing care work and vocational education and training(VET) system, focusing mainly on the hospital health care workers who have been excluded from the formal nursing system and the long-term gerontic care insurance system. As a result of analysis, it is made clear that labour market of health care workers in South Korea has typical characteristics of external labour market: individual contracts, 24 hours work system in the hospitals as well as at home, underskilled workers and very high turnover rate. Systematic VET for care workers has not been provided in the hospitals. National certificate of care worker does not play a role as an exclusive entry requirement. Two policy implications are drawn. First, hospital health care should be included in the hospital nursing system, and more systematic VET is to be developed by the hospitals. Second, a policy for setting multi-ladder career paths for care workers by introducing higher ladder certificates is suggested in order to secure sufficient amount of high skilled care workers as professionals. 우리나라의 노동시장에서 간병인은 대표적인 돌봄노동자로서 병원에서는 입원환자를 대상으로, 가정에서는 노령의 요양환자를 대상으로 일하고 있다. 이 논문은 병원의 공식적인 간호체계나 장기요양체계에서 소외되어 있는 간병인을 대상으로 병원간병에 초점을 맞춰 간병인의 노동 및 숙련형성의 실태를 구명하고 간병노동의 제도화와 이를 위한 직업교육훈련 방안을 제시하는 것을 과제로 한다. 분석의 결과, 한국의 간병 노동시장은 전형적으로 저숙련의 외부 노동시장적 특징을 갖고 있는 점이 밝혀졌다. 간병인과 고객(환자․보호자)의 개별 계약이 지배적이며, 병원에서의 24시간 간병이나 가정에서의 입주간병이 일반화되어 있는 등 근로여건이 열악하고 이직률 또한 높다. 간병인에 대한 교육훈련은 체계적이지 않으며 매우 미흡하다. 국가 공인의 요양보호사 자격은 간병직에 대한 배타적인 입직조건으로서 역할하고 있지 못하다. 이를 개선하기 위해 먼저 일본에서와 같이 유료의 병원간병을 금지하여 간호체계에 편입하고, 그에 수반하여 병원 측이 체계적인 직업교육훈련을 실시하는 정책방안을 제시하였다. 다음으로 재가간병 서비스에 의한 가정간병의 사회화를 확대시키는 방향에서 이러한 서비스를 담당할 고숙련의 전문직으로서 요양 인력을 확보하기 위해 현행 요양보호사 위에 상위의 자격을 도입함과 더불어 경력경로 설정을 통해 요양보호사 자격제도를 확충하는 방안을 제시하였다.

병원의 비정규직 실태조사

문영전 ( Young Jeon Moon ),안인환 ( In Whan Ahn ),이용균 ( Yong Kyoon Lee ) 한국병원경영학회 2007 병원경영학회지 Vol.12 No.3

In 1997, in the course of overcoming economic crisis caused by the shortage of foreign currency there was a significant phenomenon, the irregularization of human labour resources. There was no exception in hospital, either. Most hospitals put a lot of thought to solve the problem about irregular workers. Between employee and employer the problem of irregular workers has been raised as a main topic of all. The objectives of this study were to inspect the actual state of irregular workers and to understand the positive effect of protecting irregular workers, recently established and revised, on the human resources management of hospitals. After enacting irregular labours protection acts there were many opinions that the labour rules of hospitals would be changed.(56.7%) The plan to solve irregular worker`s wage issues would be carried out step by step, but some hospitals have not examined the plan yet.(81.9%) Many hospitals had a plan that irregular worker`s wage would be actualized in two or three years.(78.3%) The methods to solve the problem of irregular workers are as follows; 1) the introduction of functional wage system, 2) the convert from automatic rising wage system to annual wage system, 3) the incentive grade system according to management result, 4) lower functional group wage system, 5) non-term contract wage system. From the point of the opening medical market and securing competitive power of hospitals, it is prospected that irregular workers would be increased also in future. So to manage irregular workers effectively would be essential in maintain hospital`s competitive power and improve medical service. The results of this study were as follows: (1) In hospital, the ratio of irregular workers in hospitals was lower than that of all irregular workers in Korea. (2) In hospital, the wage level of irregular workers was higher than that of irregular workers in Korea. (3) In hospital, the social insurance application ratio of irregular workers was higher than that of all workers in Korea. (4) In hospital, there seems to be no appropriate and active measures to improve labour condition of irregular workers, yet. (5) In many hospitals, the policy of irregular workers would be expected to revised for the law standards. In this study the actual conditions and problems of irregular workers were proposed and it was expected to contribute decisions-making in hospital management, especially when using human resources.

근골격계 부담작업 기준을 이용한 병원 작업에 대한 평가

박동현,최순영 대한안전경영과학회 2011 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Main motivation for this study was to identify the relationship between high-risk hospital jobs and their symptoms associated. This study has three objectives; 1) Evaluate major jobs of hospital workers based on Criterion(Notification number 2003-24 from Ministry of Labor in Korea) for high-risk musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs), 2) Relate each jobs in criterion and the hospital jobs considered in this study, 3) Relate each jobs in criterion and MSDs symptoms of hospital workers. A total 141 hospital jobs was evaluated. Specifically, a total 688 hospital workers participated in the questionnaire survey in this study. There were two most jobs belonged to the numbers 2 and 4 from criterion. Most hospital workers participated in this study thought that the numbers 1 and 2 from criterion were associated with their jobs. In terms of MSDs symptoms, the numbers 1 and 2 from criterion were associated with their jobs as well. Further study for hospital jobs should be focused on breaking down quantification levels of each numbers in the criterion due to its atypical and non-repetitive job characteristics of hospital jobs.

Relationships of Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Perceived Workload among Hospital Workers

Taebeum Ryu,Joobong Song,Myung Hwan Yun,Ji Hyoun Lim 대한인간공학회 2012 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Objective: This study aims to survey the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders(MSD) among Korean hospital workers and to analyze the relationship of MSD symptoms and workload perceived by workers. Background: Despite of high exposure to the MSD risk factors and high MSD symptom prevalence among health care workers, there were not enough studies of MSD prevalence among the hospital workers. Method: This study designed a survey based on Nordic questionnaire to obtain MSD symptoms and the degree of four perceived workloads: work repetition, urgency, physical exertion and satisfaction. In this survey, 1,846 workers in a hospital participated. The prevalence of MSD was analyzed for each body part, and MSD cases, which were predetermined in this study, were identified. The relationship between the MSD cases and each perceived workload was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The pain in the shoulder was the most prevalent among the workers as 52%, and the low back(37%) and leg discomfort(36%) followed. The MSD cases, in which degree of pain was more than severe, were also the most prevalent in the shoulder(13%). Female workers had higher rate of MSD cases than the males. Among the four workload variables, the physical exertion was the statistically related to MSD cases for all the body parts. In addition, the others also had significant relation to MSD cases except one or two body parts. Conclusion: This study found that Korean hospital workers had MSD symptoms mainly in the shoulder, low back and legs in order, and the perceived workload surveyed in this study was highly correlated with MSD symptoms. Application: This study provides another evidence that subjective physical exertion perceived by workers is an important factor to explain MSD cases as same as the objective one.

병원종사자의 의료기관인증제에 대한 주관성연구

노연희,장선영,왕미숙 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.7

The aim of this study is to identify the subjectivity for the categorization of hospital accreditation with whom hospital workers. The study has utilized Q Methodology. 60 hospital workers, with more than 1 year of experience at hospitals located in Seoul, were asked to classify 70 statements on the perception. The collected data was analyzed through QUANL PC Program. In this study, the types of hospital accreditation with whom experienced hospital workers with were categorized into 6 types: ‘Job inefficiencies and conflicts’, 'Improving job criteria', ‘Tightness according to job congestion’, ‘Positive evaluation of the job’, ‘Job awareness upward change’, ‘pressure due to inefficient ready'. This study has provided the baseline data for arbitration scheme is required to seek the direction of hospital accreditation. And it could be find a way to establish stable hospital accreditation and reduce job stress of hospital workers, resulting in both quantitative and qualitative development of healthcare system that can reduce turnover intention. 본 연구의 목적은 병원종사자가 의료기관인증제에 대한 주관성을 파악하고 유형별 특성을 기술하며, 의료기관인증제에 대한 유형화를 파악하는 것으로, Q방법론을 적용하였다. 서울시 소재 00병원종사자 25-50세 60명에게 의료기관인증제에 대한 진술문 70문장을 분류하도록 하였다. 수집된 자료는 QUANL PC Program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 병원종사자들이 의료기관인증제에 인식은 3요인 6유형으로 구분되었다. 의료기관인증제에 대한 주관성 유형은 ‘업무비효율성과 갈등’, ‘직무기준의 향상’, ‘업무폭주에 따른 강박감’, ‘직무의 긍정적 평가’, ‘상향적 업무인식도 변화’, ‘비효율적 준비로 인한 부담감’이다. 본 연구는 의료기관인증제를 준비하는 병원들의 나아가야 할 방향을 모색하는 데 필요한 중재방안에 기초 자료를 제공하였다. 이는 향후 의료기관인증제의 안정적 정착과 병원종사자들의 평가 관련한 직무 스트레스를 줄이는 방안을 모색하여 이직의도를 줄일 수 있는 양적, 질적 발전에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Relationships of Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Perceived Workload among Hospital Workers

Byungki Jin,Joobong Song,Taebeum Ryu,Myung Hwan Yun 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Objective: This study attempts to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among Korean hospital workers and to analyze the relationship of MSD symptoms and workload perceived by workers. Background: Despite of high exposure to the MSD risk factors and high MSD symptom prevalence among health care workers, there were not enough studies of MSD prevalence among the hospital workers in South Korea. Method: This study designed a survey based on Nordic questionnaire to obtain MSD symptoms and the degree of four perceived workloads: work repetition, urgency, physical exertion and satisfaction. In this survey, more than 1,800 workers in a hospital participated. The prevalence of MSD was analyzed for each body part, and MSD cases, which were predetermined in this study, were identified. The relationship between the MSD cases and each perceived workload was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The pain in the shoulder was the most prevalent among the workers as 52%, and the low back (37%) and leg discomfort (36%) followed. The MSD cases of this study were also the most prevalent in the shoulder (13%). Female workers had higher rate of MSD cases than the males. Among the four workload variables, the physical exertion was the statistically related to MSD cases for all the body parts. In addition, the others also had significant relation to MSD cases except one or two body parts. Conclusion: This study found that Korean hospital workers had MSD symptoms mainly in the shoulder, low back and legs in order, which was different from those in North America or Europe. Application: This study provides another evidence that subjective physical exertion perceived by workers is an important factor to explain MSD cases as same as the objective one.