Application of Omics Techniques in Skin Homeostasis Evaluation

소천천,직뢰뢰,요빙,초천,왕자적,가염 한국피부과학연구원 2024 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.22 No.1

In recent years, skin homeostasis has been paid more attention by cosmetics industry. Many factors can damage skin homeostasis and affect skin health and beauty. Therefore, maintaining skin homeostasis is the basis of cosmetic efficacy, but there is a lack of corresponding evaluation methods. At present, some efficacy claims related to skin homeostasis, such as moisturizing and repairing, are only evaluated from a certain aspect of the skin, which is not completely consistent with the overall concept of homeostasis. With the development of omics technologies especially cutaneous lipidomics, cutaneous microbiome and proteomics technologies, which are based on the systematic concept to systematically analyze the lipidomics, microbiome and proteome that affect the skin. Based on a variety of omics research techniques, combined with steady-state correlation target analysis, more comprehensive and in-depth analysis can be conducted, which is a potential emerging evaluation method for skin homeostasis maintenance. In this paper, the future development direction of the evaluation method of homeostasis maintenance is forecasted, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of cosmetics for maintaining skin homeostasis.

현대 패션에 나타나는 항상성

서지예,김윤 한국패션디자인학회 2024 한국패션디자인학회지 Vol.24 No.1

인간은 주변 환경과 안정적인 관계를 유지하고자 노력하는 존재이다. 패션은 인간의 신체를 보호하고 개인을 표현하는 수단으로 사용되며 시대가 변화함에 따라 발전된 현대 패션은 다양한 소통 창구를 통해 다문화수용 및 개성의 표현이 가능해졌다. 또한 인간과 사회의 상호 유기적 관계를 위한 심리적 항상성을 유지하는데 기여한다. 항상성이란 변화하는 환경 속에서 유기체가 일정하고 안정적인 상태를 유지하며 자기 자신을보호하는 과정이다. 게슈탈트 이론은 전체론적인 입장을 가지고 있는 이론으로 시각적인 인지능력을 통한안정성 유지에 주목한다. 이때 패션은 시각적인 자극을 통해 표현하는 매개체로서 패션의 시각적 표현 특성을통하여 안정감을 추구하는 것이 가능하다. 따라서 본 연구는 패션에 나타나는 표현방법을 게슈탈트 이론의항상성 유지 관점을 바탕으로 정리하고 현대 패션과 항상성의 관계성에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해패션이 인간에게 미치는 긍정적인 역할과 기능에 대한 새로운 관점을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 및 범위는선행연구에서 이론적 내용을 고찰한 후 디지털 사회를 바탕으로 현대 패션의 특성에 대하여 정리하였다. 이후전반적인 패션에 나타난 항상성 유지의 특성을 알아보기 위해 1900년대부터 최근 2023년까지의 컬렉션과서적을 통하여 이미지 수집을 하였다. 연구 결과 항상성 유지를 바탕으로 본 패션의 특성은 사회화를 기반에둔 집단성’, ‘창의적 자아 표현의 존중’, ‘학습된 패션을 통한 안정감’, ‘사회적 미의 기준에 따른 외적 변화’로나타났다. 네 가지 특성은 현대 패션의 특성과 연결되는 관계성이 존재하였으며 이를 바탕으로 나타난 현대패션과 항상성의 관계는 ‘소통을 통한 유기적 관계’, ‘지속적인 변화에 적응한 안정적 관계’, ‘축적된 경험에의한 사회적 관계’로 도출하였다. 본 연구는 현대 패션 연구를 심리적 항상성과 연결하여 패션의 긍정적인역할에 대해 고찰하고 다양한 분야와의 융합을 통해 패션 연구를 확장한 것에 의의를 가진다. Human beings strive to maintain a relationship with their surroundings. Fashion is a means of protecting our body and expressing ourselves. Contemporary fashion, which has evolved over time, enables multicultural acceptance and the expression of individuality using various communication channels. It also contributes to maintaining psychological homeostasis for the mutual organic relationship between humans and society. Homeostasis is a process in which a living organism maintains a constant and stable state and protects itself in an ever-changing environment. Gestalt theory employs a holistic approach and focuses on maintaining stability through visual cognitive abilities. In this light, fashion serves as a medium of expression through visual stimuli, making it possible to pursue stability through its visual expression characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the expression methods of fashion based on the perspective of maintaining homeostasis in Gestalt theory, and analyze the relationship between modern fashion and homeostasis. In doing so, it presents a new perspective on the positive role and function of fashion on human beings. As for the research method and scope, the study reviewed previous literature and examined the characteristics of contemporary fashion based on the digital society. Then, it looked at the characteristics of maintaining homeostasis in fashion by analyzing fashion images from the 1900s to 2023. The results showed collectivity based on socialization, respect for creative self-expression, stability of learned fashion, and external changes according to social standards of beauty. Based on this perspective, the relationships between modern fashion and homeostasis were derived as follows: organic relationship through communication, stable relationship adapted to continuous change, and social relationship through accumulated experience. This study is significant as it is contemporary fashion research that incorporates psychological homeostasis, examines the positive role of fashion, and expands the scope of fashion research through convergence with various fields.

표피항상성과 건조피부의 관리

박장서 ( Chang Seo Park ) 대한화장품학회 2008 대한화장품학회지 Vol.34 No.1

피부장벽을 포함한 표피층은 인체의 조직 가운데에서도 가장 역동적인 기관이다. 다시 말해서 끊임없이 새로운 표피세포의 형성, 분화 및 탈각과정이 반복되면서 표피항상성(epidermal homeostasis)을 유지한다. 표피항상성은 피부기능 가운데 가장 주요한 기능인 permeability barrier homeostasis의 확립으로 연결된다. Permeability barrier homeostasis는 각질층에서 이루어지며 이를 형성하고 유지하기 위해 매우 정교하게 조절되어야 한다. 표피항상성을 조절하는 핵심 조절인자로서 nuclear hormone receptor (NHR)가 중심에 있음이 최근 다양한 연구를 통해 입증되었다. 이들은 각질세포 특이적인 단백질, 즉, involucrin, loricrin 및 trans-glutaminase 1 (TG 1) 등의 발현을 유전자 수준에서 조절할 뿐 아니라 표피 지질성분의 생합성을 증가시키는 등 피부장벽을 구성하는 brick 및 mortar의 생성과 유지에 핵심적 역할을 하는 것으로 알려졌다. NHR 가운데 peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR)와 liver X receptor (LXR)의 activator/ligands가 리놀레인산 등 지방산, leukotriene, prostanoid 및 oxygenated sterol 등이 지질대사과정에서 형성된 지질 종류인 까닭에 liposensor로도 알려지고 있다. 따라서 liposensor들을 비롯한 PPAR과 LXR activator/ligands들은 피부장벽기능이 저해된 아토피성 피부를 포함하여 건조피부를 관리하는 epidermotherapy의 수단으로서 잠재적 가능성이 있다고 생각된다. Epidermis is one of the most dynamic organs in the human body. Multiple layers of keratinocytes in the epidermis continuously undergo proliferation, differentiation, and desquamation cycles, which is the bases of maintaining the epidermal homeostasis. Epidermal homeostasis eventually leads to establish and maintain permeability barrier homeostasis, the most important function of the epidermis. The permeability barrier is located in the stratum corneum. Tightly coordinated regulations are required for the sustained normal barrier function. Extensive studies have established that several nuclear hormone liposensors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a PPARa, PPARb/d, PPARg and LXRs are expressed in keratinocyte. Activation of PPARs and LXRs could provide a mechanism to coordinate the formation of the corneocytes and extracellular lipid membranes that constitute the stratum corneum. Topical application of PPAR/LXR ligands to murine skin results in the increased expression of keratinocyte differentiation-related proteins, such as involucrin, loricrin, profilaggrin, and trans-glutaminase 1, which would stimulate cornified envelope formation. In conclusion, topical application of ligands or activators of PPAR/LXR as an epidermotherapy would be a promising option to deal dry skin conditions such as atopy.

항상성 개념에 대한 횡단 분석

김미영 韓國生物敎育學會 2012 생물교육 Vol.40 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze homeostasis represented in textbooks for middle and high school, and to identify how much students according to school level understand the concepts. Also by examining the misconception of homeostasis among students, the study tried to gain suggestions as a way to improve the teaching and learning. As a result, the science textbook for middle school covered the concept of homeostasis poorly or did not contain it at all. The textbooks for high school included the knowledge either poorly or properly. Many of the middle school students did not reach a proper level of understanding about homeostasis. The level of partial or complete understanding was fairly higher among the high school students. However, it was lower than the expectations the high school curriculum had intended to achieve. Finally, the study about the misconception of homeostasis showed that many of the students mentioned perceivable attributes such as heartbeats, the pace of breathing and perspiration, while few of them said internal actions, or the cause of perspiration. To sum up, it is necessary that the concept is effectively represented in the textbooks, and many teaching and learning resources should be available to boost the understanding of homeosasis.

Bone Homeostasis and Gut Microbial-Dependent Signaling Pathways

( Xiaohui Zhong ),( Feng Zhang ),( Xinyao Yin ),( Hong Cao ),( Xuesong Wang ),( Dongsong Liu ),( Jing Chen ),( Xue Chen ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.6

Although research on the osteal signaling pathway has progressed, understanding of gut microbialdependent signaling pathways for metabolic and immune bone homeostasis remains elusive. In recent years, the study of gut microbiota has shed light on our understanding of bone homeostasis. Here, we review microbiota-mediated gut-bone crosstalk via bone morphogenetic protein/SMADs, Wnt and OPG/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand signaling pathways in direct (translocation) and indirect (metabolite) manners. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota involvement in these signaling pathways are relevant in immune responses, secretion of hormones, fate of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and absorption of calcium. Collectively, we propose a signaling network for maintaining a dynamic homeostasis between the skeletal system and the gut ecosystem. Additionally, the role of gut microbial improvement by dietary intervention in osteal signaling pathways has also been elucidated. This review provides unique resources from the gut microbial perspective for the discovery of new strategies for further improving treatment of bone diseases by increasing the abundance of targeted gut microbiota.

Cellular ubiquitin pool dynamics and homeostasis

( Chul Woo Park ),( Kwon Yul Ryu ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2014 BMB Reports Vol.47 No.9

Ubiquitin (Ub) is a versatile signaling molecule that playsimportant roles in a variety of cellular processes. Cellular Ubpools, which are composed of free Ub and Ub conjugates, arein dynamic equilibrium inside cells. In particular, increasingevidence suggests that Ub homeostasis, or the maintenance offree Ub above certain threshold levels, is important for cellularfunction and survival under normal or stress conditions. Accurate determination of various Ub species, including levelsof free Ub and specific Ub chain linkages, have becomepossible in biological specimens as a result of the introductionof the proteomic approach using mass spectrometry. Thistechnology has facilitated research on dynamic properties ofcellular Ub pools and has provided tools for in-depthinvestigation of Ub homeostasis. In this review, we have alsodiscussed the consequences of the disruption of Ub pooldynamics and homeostasis via deletion of polyubiquitin genesor mutations of deubiquitinating enzymes. The commonconsequence was a reduced availability of free Ub and asignificant impact on the function and viability of cells. These observations further indicate that the levels of free Ub areimportant determinants for cellular protection.

Cardioprotection Via Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis by Thiopental in Hypoxia-Reoxygenated Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

김현수,황기철,박윤곤 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.2

Purpose: Ca2+ homeostasis plays an important role in myocardial cell injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, and prevention of intracellular Ca2+ overload is key to cardioprotection. Even though thiopental is a frequently used anesthetic agent, little is known about its cardioprotective effects, particulary in association with Ca2+ homeostasis. We investigated whether thiopental protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by regulating Ca2+homeostasis. Materials and Methods: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to different concentrations of thiopental and immediately replaced in the hypoxic chamber to maintain hypoxia. After 1hour of exposure, a culture dish was transferred to the CO2 incubator and cells were incubated at 37°C for 5 hours. At the end of the experiments, the authors assessed cell protection using immunoblot analysis and caspase activity. The mRNA of genes involved in Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular Ca2+ levels were examined. Results: In thiopental-treated cardiomyocytes, there was a decrease in expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax, caspase-3 activation, and intracellular Ca2+ content. In addition, both enhancement of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and activation of Erk concerned with survival were shown. Furthermore, thiopental attenuated alterations of genes involving Ca2+ regulation and significantly modulated abnormal changes of NCX and SERCA2a genes in hypoxia-reoxygenated neonatal cardiomyocytes. Thiopental suppressed disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Conclusion: Thiopental is likely to modulate expression of genes that regulate Ca2+ homeostasis, which reduces apoptotic cell death and results in cardioprotection.

배드민턴 경기에서 심리적 항상성 유지 과정

전재연 ( Jae Youn Jeon ),윤영길 ( Young Kil Yun ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2014 체육과학연구 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 배드민턴 경기에서 선수의 심리 변화와 조절 과정을 탐색할 목적으로 진행하였다. K대학 배드민턴 선수 18명을 대상으로 집단면담과 참여관찰을 진행해 자료를 수집하고, 근거이론 방법(Strauss & Corbin, 1998)을 통해 분석하였다. 첫째, 개방코딩 결과, 배드민턴 경기에서 선수의 심리 변화와 조절 과정에 관한 89개의 개념, 44개의 하위범주, 18개의 범주가 도출되었다. 둘째, 축코딩 결과, 시합 수행, 스코어상황, 경기 흐름, 심리적 동요, 경험, 수행 및 결과 기대, 경기의 민감성, 코트 환경, 컨디션, 경기 전략, 심리적 준비, 심리적 전략, 상황 변화 전략, 지지 추구 전략, 주요타자의 반응, 상대 및 상대팀의 행동, 심리적 안정회복과 심리적 동요 지속 등의 범주들이 구조적인 관계를 나타내었다. 셋째, 선택코딩 결과, 본 연구의 핵심범주는 ‘심리적 항상성 유지하기’로 도출되었다. 배드민턴 경기에서 선수는 개인적, 환경적 요인에 의해 발생된 사건 및 상황으로부터 심리적 동요를 일으킨다. 이 때 선수는 다양한 심리행동적 전략을 모색, 실천함으로써 심리적 안정을 회복한다. 즉, 배드민턴 경기가 진행되는 동안 선수의 내면에는 최상수행을 위해 안정적인 심리상태를 유지하려는 심리적 항상성의 메커니즘이 작동한다. 본 연구가 심리적 연속성에 대한 관심의 기화를 제공하는 동시에 체육계와 체육학계에 심리적 항상성에 대한 관심의 계기가 되기를 기대해본다. This study was purposed to explore psychological change and regulation process during badminton competition. The data were conducted using group interviews and participation observations who 18 K college badminton players. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding based on grounded theory method (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). The results were as follows: Open coding results, 89 concepts, 44 subcategories, and 18 categories emerged as psychological change and regulation process during badminton competitions. Axial coding results, the categories are showed structural relationships such as performance, score, psychological momentum, the importance of competition, court environment, physical condition, competition strategy, psychological preparation, past experience, outcome expectation, psychological disturbance, psychological skills, game situation-changing strategy, support-seeking strategy, significant others’ behavior, the opponents’ behavior, psychological resilience, and maintenance psychological disturbance. Selective coding results, core category of this study was revealed to maintain psychological homeostasis. Environmental context during badminton competitions causes specific situations and events that evoke psychological disturbance. In turn, a player seeks mental and behavioral strategies to maintain psychological homeostasis. There is psychological homeostasis mechanism during badminton competitions for peak performance. Development of proper interest for psychological homeostasis will be improved through this research approach in sport psychology.

한국 사회복지지출의 변화 패턴과 항상성에 관한 탐색적 연구

이종균 ( Jong Kyun Lee ),조한진 ( Han Jin Jo ) 한국사회복지정책학회 2015 사회복지정책 Vol.42 No.1

본 연구는 한국이 국가체계의 불안정기에 조절과정을 통해 사회복지지출의 변화를 산출하여 안정을 추구하는 항상성을 설명하고자 하였다. 즉, 사회복지지출이 역동적으로 변화되어 국가체계의 균형을 유지하는 항상성의 자율조절 패턴을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단속점과 분포 패턴의 검증 결과, 사회복지지출의 변화에 있어서 34년 동안 수차례의 단속점을 볼수 있었고, 분포 패턴도 파동 패턴의 진동 추세를 보였다. 둘째, 정규성 검증 결과, 쌍봉 분포가 나타났으며 검증 기준에 따라 몇 차례의 이상치가 나타났다. 셋째, 점증성 검증 결과, 비점증적 변화 비율이 매우 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 국가체계가 안정기에는 사회복지지출의 점증적 변화 패턴을 산출하고 위기상황에서는 역동적 조절과정을 통해 급격한 비점증적 변화 패턴을 평상시처럼 산출하면서 점증적 변화를 오히려 간헐적이고 예외적으로 산출하여 안정 상태를 유지한다는 것으로, 이러한 과정이 우연하거나 일시적 현상이 아니라 항상성의 변화 과정이라는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 이에 한국의 사회복지지출 패턴도 지난 34년간 항상성의 자율조절 패턴이었다고 할 수 있다. This study tried to explain homeostasis by which Korea sought stability by producing the change of social welfare expenditure through a regulating process in an unstable period of national system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the self-regulating pattern of homeostasis by which the balance of national system was maintained through a dynamic change of social welfare expenditure. Followings are the results of analysis. First, punctuation test showed that there were several times of punctuation for 34 years concerning the change of social welfare expenditure. Distribution pattern test showed the vibrational tendency of wave pattern. Second, normality test showed a bimodal distribution and several times of outlier according to test standards. Lastly, incremental test showed a very high rate of non-incremental change. These results show that the national system yields an incremental change pattern of social welfare expenditure at the period of stability, while in crisis the system maintains a stable state by yielding a drastic non-incremental change pattern as usual through a dynamic regulating process and by yielding an incremental change rather intermittently and exceptionally. This is not an accidental nor a transient phenomenon, but the change process in homeostasis. Therefore, the social welfare expenditure pattern in Korea can be seen as a self-regulating pattern of homeostasis for the last 34 years.

Protocadherin-7 contributes to maintenance of bone homeostasis through regulation of osteoclast multinucleation

Hyunsoo Kim,Noriko Takegahara,Matthew C. Walsh,Jun Ueda,Yoshitaka Fujihara,Masahito Ikawa,Yongwon Choi 생화학분자생물학회 2020 BMB Reports Vol.53 No.9

Osteoclasts are hematopoietic-derived cells that resorb bone. They are required to maintain proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength. Although osteoclast differentiation depends on receptor activator of NF-B ligand (RANKL) stimulation, additional molecules further contribute to osteoclast maturation. Here, we demonstrate that protocadherin-7 (Pcdh7) regulates formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and contributes to maintenance of bone homeostasis. We found that Pcdh7 expression is induced by RANKL stimulation, and that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Pcdh7 resulted in impaired formation of osteoclasts. We generated Pcdh7-deficient mice and found increased bone mass due to decreased bone resorption but without any defect in bone formation. Using an in vitro culture system, it was revealed that formation of multinucleated osteoclasts is impaired in Pcdh7-deficient cultures, while no apparent defects were observed in differentiation and function of Pcdh7-deficient osteoblasts. Taken together, these results reveal an osteoclast cell-intrinsic role for Pcdh7 in maintaining bone homeostasis.