센서없는 직류서보전동기의 속도 제어를 위한 적응 고이득 관측기 설계

김상훈,김낙교 대한전기학회 2003 전기학회논문지 D Vol.55 No.6

This paper deals with speed control of DC servo motor using a Adaptive high gain obserber. In this parer, the gain of the observer is properly set up using the fuzzy control and adaptive high gain observer that have a superior transient characteristic and is easy to implement compared the existing method is designed. In order to verify the performance of the Adaptive high gain observer which is proposed in this paper, it is compared estimate performance of High-gain Observer and Adaptive High Gain Observer with the computer simulation. Effectiveness of the proposed high gain observer is proved from the experiment to compare the case with a speed sensor to the case with Adaptive high gain observer in the speed control of DC servo motor.

The Output Regulation Problem for Unmodeled Reference/Disturbance Signals Using High-gain Observers

Jesús Alberto Meda-Campaña,Ricardo Ismael Ancona-Bravo,Jonathan Omega Escobedo-Alva,Tonatiuh Hernández-Cortés,Ricardo Tapia-Herrera 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.4

Based on the regulation theory and high-gain observers, in this paper, a controller for tracking and/or rejecting unmodeled but measurable signals is designed. Considering that the measurable reference/disturbance signals are bounded and smooth, it is proven that the missing dynamical models for such signals can be estimated by high-gain observers of dimensions equal to or greater than one. Then, the corresponding high-gain observers are embedded into an auxiliary system, known as the exosystem, allowing in this way, that the regulation theory can be applied and the new equations to be solved are also given. Because the exosystem is directly constructed from the high-gain observers, the proposed controller is robust in the sense that it is capable of tracking/rejecting any bounded and smooth signal as long as the estimations of the high-gain observers are sufficiently accurate. The existence conditions for such a controller are given, and numerical experiments are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.

자산의 저가 · 고가양도에 따른 증여세와 양도소득세의 과세 문제

조성자 한국조세연구포럼 2011 조세연구 Vol.11 No.1

상속세 및 증여세법은 자산의 저가·고가양도에 따른 이익에 대하여 대가와 시가의 차액에 상당하는 금액 중 일정금액을 증여재산가액으로 하여 증여세를 부과하도록 하고 있다. 또한 양도소득의 부당행위계산 부인에 관한 규정을 두어, 양도소득이 있는 거주자의 행위 또는 계산이 그 거주자와 특수관계에 있는 자와의 거래로 인하여 그 소득에 대한 조세부담을 부당하게 감소시킨 것으로 인정되는 경우에는 그 거주자의 행위 또는 계산과 관계없이 해당 과세기간의 소득금액을 계산할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 따라서 하나의 거래가 증여세와 양도소득세의 과세요건에 동시에 해당되는 일정한 경우에는 이중과세의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 경우 이중과세를 조정하는 조항을 일부 두고 있으나 여전히 이중과세 문제가 발생하는 경우가 있어 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 저가양도의 경우 증여세만 과세하도록 하는 규정을 마련할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 특수관계자에게 고가양도시에도 특수관계자 외의 자에게 고가양도한 경우와 마찬가지로, 대가와 시가의 차액상당액에 대하여는 증여세를 과세하고, 대가에서 증여재산가액을 차감한 금액을 양도가액으로 보도록 개선하여야 한다. 셋째, 저가?고가양도시의 증여로 보는 이익에 관한 규정은 특수관계자 간의 거래에 대하여만 적용하도록 개선할 필요가 있다. 특수관계 없는 자 의 거래에 대하여 정당한 사유를 증명하지 못할 경우 증여세를 과세함은 재산권에 대한 침해라고 생각한다. 넷째, 증여세는 특별소득세로서의 성격을 가지고 있으며, 증여세제의 입법취지를 고려한다면, 특수관계자 간에 저가?고가양도행위가 있는 경우 대가와 시가의 차액상당액에 대하여 증여세를 부과하되 증여재산가액에 대하여는 부당행위계산 부인에 의한 양도소득세를 이중으로 부과하지 않도록 개선하여야 한다. 이는 동일한 하나의 거래를 과세대상으로 하는 것이므로 증여세와 양도소득세의 납세의무자가 동일인이 아니더라도 이중과세는 배제되어야 한다고 본다. 「Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax Act」 stipulates that gift tax is imposed over the difference between consideration and market price for the profit from low price or high price disposal of assets. Furthermore, if the act or calculation of inhabitant with capital gains are considered to unjustly reduce capital gains tax from transaction between the inhabitant and specially related person, the capital gains of the relevant taxable period can be recalculated irrespective of the act or calculation of the inhabitant. Therefore, if one transaction simultaneously falls on taxable articles of gift tax and capital gains tax, the issue of double taxation may be caused. In this case, provision adjusting double taxation is partially enacted, but the issue of double taxation still arises. First, the rules that assesses only gift tax must be prepared for low price disposal. Second, it is required to improve law so that when assets are disposed to specially related person, gift tax is also assessed for the difference between consideration and market price like the case where they are disposed at high price to those other than specially related person and the amount, that is, consideration less the value of a donated property should be deemed as capital gains. Third, the rules on the profit of gift in low price or high price disposal of assets should be improved so that they should be used only for transaction among specially related person. Fourth, considering that gift tax has the properties of special income tax and the intent of legislating gift tax system, it is required to impose gift tax for the difference between consideration and market price in the case of low price or high price disposal of assets, but law should be improved so that capital gains tax over negation of calculation in case of wrongful act must not be imposed in double.

High-Gain Resonant Switched-Capacitor Cell-Based DC/DC Converter for Offshore Wind Energy Systems

Parastar, Amir,Jul-Ki Seok Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol. No.

<P>With the increasing integration of renewable energy generation into high-power grids, transmission at the dc level is becoming increasingly more useful than ac transmission. In this regard, emerging applications, such as offshore wind farms, require a high voltage gain dc/dc conversion system to interface with high-power transmission networks. This paper presents a new high-voltage gain resonant switched-capacitor dc/dc converter for high-power offshore wind energy systems. The proposed dc/dc converter is characterized by the resonant switching transitions to achieve minimal switching losses and maximum system efficiency. Therefore, a higher switching frequency is conceivable to attain a higher power density. The double stage output voltage of the proposed converter operates at seven times as high as the input voltage with a small device count. The output capacitors are charged and discharged continuously by a 180° phase shift with respect to each other to eliminate the output voltage ripples with the low capacitance requirements. The proposed series-modular and cascade configurations show the intrinsic advantage of being readily applicable to multistage power switching converters. The developed topology has been implemented on a 5-kW prototype converter to test its feasibility.</P>

A Novel Non-Isolated Buck Boost Converter with High Voltage Gain and High Efficiency Characteristics

트란 만 투안,사기르 아민,최우진 전력전자학회 2019 전력전자학회 논문지 Vol.24 No.5

The use of high-voltage gain converters is essential for distributed power generation systems with renewable energy sources, such as fuel and solar cells, due to their low-voltage characteristics. In this study, a novel high-voltage gain non-isolated buck boost converter topology is proposed to cope with the need of a high-voltage conversion ratio without the transformer for the renewable energy sources. Given that the proposed topology utilizes the cascode structure, the voltage gain and the efficiency are higher than those of other conventional non-isolated converters. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed topology, the operation principle is presented, and the steady-state characteristics are analyzed in detail. The validity of the proposed converter is verified by experiments with a 400 W prototype converter.

소형화된 급전부를 갖는 위성통신용 고이득 안테나 설계

박중기,박도현,이호섭,허종완,권건섭 대한전기학회 2018 전기학회논문지 Vol.66 No.11

In this paper, a high-gain antenna for satellite communication is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of septum polarizer, circular waveguide, Hat-feed structure that has a high-gain and efficiency. Especially, it is smaller and lighter than the conventional satellite communication antennas by applying a hat-feed structure. The measured results show that received gain of proposed antenna is better than 29.9 dBi and transmitted gain of proposed antenna is better than 30.5 dBi. The co-polarized and cross-polarized radiation patterns comply with ITU-RR Ap.8 and ITU-R S.731-1 that are recommended by International Telecommunication Union. The designed high-gain antenna for satellite communication is expected to be used for OTM and airborne satellite systems.

A Nonlinear High-Gain Observer for n-link Robot Manipulator Which has Measurement Noise in a Feedback Control Framework

Muwahida Liaquat,Muhammad Azeem Javaid,Muhammad Saad 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

This paper presents the design of an output feedback controller (OFBC) for an n-link robot manipulator. This is achieved by using non-linear high gain observer. As measurement noise poses a great difficulty while estimating the system states, as the gain of the observer increases the measurement noise significantly amplified, causing higher steady state error. A non-linear high gain observer is proposed to overcome this problem. Non-linear high gain observer has an advantage over other non-linear state estimating techniques. The estimation of states is achieved with great accuracy and in a very small time. A comparison of linear and non linear high gain observer is also included to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Changes in Speech Recognition Scores and Sound Quality According to Gain Adjustment in High Frequency Bands

Hyeryeong Jo,Mikyung Lee,Jihun Kim,Eunchul Choi,Hyungoo Lee,Kyoungwon Lee 한국청각언어재활학회 2022 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: In this study, changes before and after adjustment in high frequency bands were assessed for aided threshold, psychoacoustic evaluation, word recognition scores (WRSs) in noise and sound quality to aid in electroacoustic adjustment, and to improve the satisfaction of hearing aids. Methods: The subjects were 16 sensorineural hearing impaired (25 ears) with 63.4 years old of mean age, 60.8% WRS and 46.6 months of aided experience. For the experiment, hearing aid gain of highfrequency bands adjusted to preferred gain was increased to a higher level. Aided threshold, Korean version of international outcome inventory for hearing aids (K-IOI-HA), Korean version of profile of hearing aid benefit-quick version (K-PHAB-Q), WRSs in noise for 10 dB and 5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sound quality were subsequently evaluated after two weeks and the results were quantitatively compared before and after gain adjustment in high-frequency bands. Results: This study results in as follows; first, improvement in aided threshold for frequencies above 2.0 kHz was shown. Second, K-IOI-HA and K-PHAB-Q in easy communication and localization categories resulted in significant enhancements. Third, WRS in 5 dB and 10 dB SNR was improved. Fourth, improvements were shown for occlusion and clarity of the sentence in the evaluation of sound quality, but significant results were not shown for sharpness and loudness of noise conditions. Conclusion: With sensorineural hearing loss, a sufficient gain in high frequency bands provides improved satisfaction to hearing aids and enhanced word recognition ability in various listening environments.

미세 입자 감지를 위한 고이득 저잡음 이중제어 전류 전압 변환기

김민영(Min-Yeong Kim),이강윤(Kang-Yoon Lee) 대한전자공학회 2021 전자공학회논문지 Vol.58 No.4

A High-Gain Microstrip Patch Array Antenna Using a Superstrate Layer

WonkyuChoi,최재익,YongHeuiCho,Cheol-SikPyo 한국전자통신연구원 2003 ETRI Journal Vol.25 No.5

A dielectric superstrate layer above a microstrip patch antenna has remarkable effects on its gain and resonant characteristics. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of a superstrate layer for high gain on microstrip patch antennas. We measured the gain of antennas with and without a superstrate and found that the gain of a single patch with a superstrate was enhanced by about 4 dBi over the one without a superstrate at 12 GHz. The impedance bandwidths of a single patch with and without a superstrate for VSWR < 2 were above 11%. The designed 2×8 array antenna using a superstrate had a high gain of over 22.5 dB and a wide impedance bandwidth of over 17%.