성역할 태도와 맞벌이 태도의 차이에 관한 연구: 기혼,유자녀 가구를 중심으로 한 유형화

정윤태 ( Yun-tae Jung ),서재욱 ( Jae Wook Suh ) 한국가족관계학회 2016 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the difference between traditional gender role attitude and realistic dual earner attitude. Most preceding studies analyzed gender role attitude by summated rating scale while few studies have been conducted on the difference between traditional gender role attitude and dual earner attitude. Method: By using the 9th Korea Welfare Panel Data (year 2014), this study extracted households of married couples and with children in working age (18 through 64 years of age) who are the main subjects in work family relationship. First, this study classified traditional group and modern group in their gender role attitude and passive group and active group in their dual earner attitude and by crossing these attitudes, drew out 4 gender role/dual earner attitudes. For analysis, this study investigated frequency of attitude types through descriptive statistics. By conducting ANOVA, study verified if there are significant differences in the satisfaction with family relationship depending on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes. Lastly, study examined the effect of socio-economic status and demographic characteristics on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes by conducting multi-nominal logistic regression analysis. Results: As the result of analysis, first, half of respondents belonged to ``equal-role-oriented type`` who has modern gender role attitude and active dual earner attitude. However, there were not a few ``dual-earner-avoiding type`` who has modern gender role attitude but passive dual earner attitude and ``incongruous attitude type`` who has traditional gender role attitude but active dual earner attitude. Next, ``incongruous attitude type`` had significantly low level of satisfaction with overall family life, relationship with spouse and relationship with children than other attitude types. Lastly, those whose incomes belong to poor strata, those who are high school graduates and lower, males and those who are over the age of 60 had significantly higher probability of belonging to ``incongruous attitude type.`` Conclusion: The results of analysis demonstrate that the difference between gender role attitude and dual earner attitude is an important matter and since ``incongruous attitude type`` exhibits low level of satisfaction with family relationship, scrupulous policy approaches are required for those who have high possibility of belonging to ``incongruous attitude type.``

대학생의 성역할 정체감, 성역할 태도가 진로자기효능감, 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향

이상희,이은진 한국상담학회 2009 상담학연구 Vol.10 No.4

Traditionally men and women had pursuit different careers. Recently women have entered male-dominated careers and vice-versa. The studies regarding non-traditional careers have been focused on gender related variables. This study investigated how gender role identity and gender role attitude variables relate to career decision self-efficacy and career maturity variables. The sample of the present study consisted of 519 college students (235 males and 284 females). The participants completed questionnaires of gender role identity, gender role attitude, career decision self-efficacy, and career maturity variables. The results showed as follow. First, there were significant differences between male and female students on gender role attitudes. Specifically, male college students reported higher scores on masculinity than female college students whereas female students reported higher scores on gender-role attitude than male students. second, male students' masculinity variable was significantly related to femininity variable whereas there was no significant relationship between gender role identity and gender role attitude variables. ln addition, male students reported higher scores on traditionalism than female students. Third, four gender role identity groups have different scores on career decision self-efficacy and career maturity variables. Fourth, gender role identity and gender role attitude variables significantly contributed to career decision self-efficacy and career attitude variables. In addition, there were significant differences between male and female students on career decision self-efficacy and career attitude variables. Fifth, the results of the present study indicated decision self-efficacy and career maturity variables were varied by scores on gender role attitude variable. Finally, the results did not support the hypothesis that gender role attitude variable would moderate the relationship between gender role identity and career decision self-efficacy variables as well as the relationship between gender role identity and career maturity variables. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed. 본 연구에서는 개인의 직업선택에 영향을 미치는 변인으로 성역할 정체감과 성역할 태도의 중요성을 제시하고, 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구는 대학생 519명(남학생 235명, 여학생 284명)을 대상으로 하여 성역할 정체감 척도, 성역할 태도 척도, 진로결정 자기효능감 척도, 진로태도성숙 척도를 사용하여 실시되었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남성성과 성역할 태도에서 성차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 남성성은 남학생이 여학생보다 높은 것으로 나타났고, 성역할 태도는 여학생이 남학생보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 남학생의 경우 남성성이 높은 것은 여성성이 높은 것과 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 성역할 정체감과 성역할 태도는 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 남학생들의 성역할 태도는 여학생에 비해 유의미하게 전통, 보수적임이 확인되었다. 셋째, 남학생과 여학생 집단 모두에서 성역할 정체감에 따라 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙 수준에 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 성역할 정체감과 성역할 태도는 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 성차가 나타나고 있었다. 다섯 째, 성역할 태도에 따라 성역할 정체성 집단의 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙이 달라지는 것이 확인되었다. 여섯 째, 성역할 정체감과 진로자기효능감, 진로태도성숙의 관계에 대한 성역할 태도의 조절효과를 확인한 결과, 남학생 집단과 여학생 집단 모두에서 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속연구에 대해 논의하였다

노년기 젠더관계와 심리적 복지감

김영혜(Young-Hye Kim) 한국인구학회 2004 한국인구학 Vol.27 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 노년기 젠더관계가 노인의 심리적 복지감(psychological well-being)에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 노인부부의 젠더관계를 규명하기 위해 성역할태도와 가사노동분담을 측정하였고, 노인의 심리적 복지감은 우울도와 행복감으로 측정되었다. 연구의 대상은 부산광역시에 거주하는 배우자와 동거하고, 자녀와는 동거하지 않으며, 부부 모두 직업에서 은퇴한, 65세 이상의 남녀노인 476명이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 여성노인이 남성노인에 비해 보다 평등적인 성역할태도를 지니고 있으며, 노인부부의 가사노동 수행에 있어 성별 분절현상이 나타난다. 2) 여성노인이 남성노인에 비해 성역할태도와 가사노동분담 수준이 불일치하는 경우가 더 많았으며, 남녀 노인 모두 성역할태도와 가사노동분담 수준이 일치할수록 심리적 복지감이 높았다. 3) 남녀노인의 성역할태도는 심리적 복지감에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 여성노인의 가사노동분담은 심리적 복지감에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하고 있으며, 남성노인의 가사노동분담은 오히려 그들의 심리적 복지감을 낮게 한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the relationship between gender-role attitude and psychological well-being related to the division of household labor and (2) the effect of congruency between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor on psychological well-being for the elderly. In this study, independent variable is gender-role attitude, mediating variable is the division of household labor and dependent variable is psychological well-being. Psychological well-being consists of depression and happiness. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: 1) Gender-role attitude affects psychological well-being of the elderly. The more egalitarian gender-role attitude, the higher degree of psychological well-being, whereas the more traditional gender-role attitude, the lower degree of psychological well-being. 2) The division of household labor influences psychological well-being of the elderly. The higher degree of division of household labor is likely to show the higher degree of psychological well-being. 3) The congruency between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor affects psychological well-being. As the relationship between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor is more congruent. psychological well-being increases. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1) There is no relation between gender-role attitude and psychological well-being for the elderly. 2) The division of household labor affects psychological well-being for husband. The higher degree of division of household labor, the higher degree of psychological well-being. The result shows that husbands are involved in household labor involuntarily. 3) Congruency between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor affects psychological well-being. As the relationship between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor is more congruent, the degree of depression decreases. 4) Wives participate in most of household labor. Gender segregation in household labor is found in elderly family. 5) Health, income, network of children or sibling, and community network affect psychological well-being. The healthier, higher income and stronger network are likely to show the higher degree of psychological well-being.

대학생의 자아존중감, 성역할태도와 가족기능이 결혼관에 미치는 영향

백경숙,김효숙 한국아동가족복지학회 2013 한국가족복지학 Vol.18 No.3

This study examined the effects of university students' self-esteem, gender-role attitudes, and family functioning on their perceptions of marriage. Data were collected from 453 university students enrolled in K University, located in Daegu. Questionnaire measurements were based on recommendations from a literature review. The questionnaire included scales on the self-esteem, gender-role attitudes, family functioning, and perceptions of marriage. The major findings of this study are as follows. The university students showed high levels of self-esteem and egalitarian gender-role attitudes. They also reported high levels of family functioning and conservative perceptions of marriage. They showed gender differences in their levels of self-esteem and their gender-role attitudes, family functioning characteristics, and in their perceptions of marriage. Also, serial hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that students' gender, family income, mothers’ level of education, whether or not they were in a romantic relationship, self-esteem, gender-role attitudes, and family functioning characteristics significantly predicted their perceptions of marriage. This study examined the effects of university students' self-esteem, gender-role attitudes, and family functioning on their perceptions of marriage. Data were collected from 453 university students enrolled in K University, located in Daegu. Questionnaire measurements were based on recommendations from a literature review. The questionnaire included scales on the self-esteem, gender-role attitudes, family functioning, and perceptions of marriage. The major findings of this study are as follows. The university students showed high levels of self-esteem and egalitarian gender-role attitudes. They also reported high levels of family functioning and conservative perceptions of marriage. They showed gender differences in their levels of self-esteem and their gender-role attitudes, family functioning characteristics, and in their perceptions of marriage. Also, serial hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that students' gender, family income, mothers’ level of education, whether or not they were in a romantic relationship, self-esteem, gender-role attitudes, and family functioning characteristics significantly predicted their perceptions of marriage.

유자녀 취업 여성의 직장 내 성차별 경험이 우울감에 미치는 영향: 자아탄력성과 성역할 태도의 조절된 매개효과 분석

이채리,장경은 가정과삶의질학회 2025 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.43 No.2

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 유자녀 취업여성들이 경험하는 직장 내 성차별과 우울 감간의 관계에서 자아탄력성과 성역할 태도의조절된 매개 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 서울 및 경기 지역에 거주하는 30세에서 40세 사이의 참여자 133명을 대상으로 하였다. 먼저, 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 통제 변수가 유자녀 취업 여성들이 경험하는 직장 내 성차별과 우울감 간의 관계에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 다음으로, PROCESS 매크로 Model 58을 활용한 조절된 매개 분석을 실시하여 조절된 매개 효과의 유의성을 평가하였다. 연구결과: 직장 내 성차별 경험과 자아탄력성의 상호작용은 성역할 태도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 성역할 태도와 자아탄력성의 상호작용은 우울감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라 자아탄력성이 높을수록 직장 내 성차별 경험이 성역할 태도에 미치는 영향을 감소시키며, 높은 자아탄력성은 성역할 태도가 우울에 미치는 영향을 완화하는 것으로 유추할 수 있다. 결론 및 시사점: 유자녀 취업 여성들의 자아탄력성, 성역할 태도, 직장 내 성차별을 포함한 직장 분위기, 그리고 우울감과 같은 정신건강 문제는 유자녀 취업 여성들이 직면하는 이중적 부담과 특성을 완화하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 강조할 수 있다. 이를 통해유자녀 취업 여성들의 정신 건강을 증진시키기 위한 적절한 직장 환경과 태도 확립을 위한 정책 마련의 필요성을 재확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the moderated mediation effect of ego-resilience and gender role attitudes on the association between workplace gender discrimination experienced by working mothers and depression Methods: In this study, a sample of 133 participants aged between 30 and 40, residing in the Seoul and Gyeonggi region, was selected. First, hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to examine the influence of control variables on the relationship between workplace gender discrimination encountered by working mothers and depression. Second, moderated mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro Model 58 to evaluate the significance of the moderated mediation effects. Results: The interaction between workplace gender discrimination experiences and ego-resilience significantly influences gender role attitudes. Additionally, the interplay between gender role attitudes and ego-resilience has a notable impact on depression. Consequently, it can be deduced that increased ego-resilience reduces the effect of workplace gender discrimination experiences on gender role attitudes, and higher ego-resilience lessens the influence of gender role attitudes on depression Conclusion/Implications: The significance of the ego-resilience of working mothers, their gender role attitudes, the workplace atmosphere including gender discrimination, and mental health issues such as depression in mitigating the dual burden and the characteristics faced by working mothers can be underscored. This highlights the necessity of reaffirming the significance of establishing suitable workplace environments and attitudes through policies that promote the mental well-being of working mothers

양성평등교육을 위한 실과 교수ㆍ학습이 성역할 태도에 미치는 영향

임은주(Im En Joo),이성숙(Lee Sung Sug) 한국실과교육학회 2004 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.17 No.4

With the object of identifying the effects of practical arts teaching-learning for gender equality education on gender role attitude, this study developed a teaching-learning material for gender equality education in relation to the unit of ‘Understanding Family and Work’ in the practical arts curriculum, applied it to a experiment group, and analyzed its effect on children’s gender role attitude. Major results of this study were as follows. First, a significant difference was found in gender role attitude between the experiment group, to which the practical arts teaching-learning plan was applied for gender equality education, and the control group, to which ordinary classes were applied. Second, according to the result of investigating the sub-areas of gender role attitude, which are ‘the area of family life’, ‘the area of non-family life’ and ‘the area of fixed idea on gender’, the experiment group showed significant differences in all the three areas of gender role attitude. Third, according to the result of investigating gender role attitude by gender, male students in the experiment group showed significant differences in ‘the area of non-family life’ and ‘the area of fixed idea on gender’ but not in ‘the area of family life’, and female students showed significant differences in all the three areas. As presented above, elementary school students’ gender role attitude is not fixed but can be improved in terms of equality through systematic instruction using various materials and methods. In addition, this study shows that gender equality education in practical arts is an effective method for elementary school students, both male and female, to have the gender role attitude of equality.

복지국가 젠더격차와 성역할 인식 차이의 관계에 대한 비교연구

류연규,김영미 한국사회복지정책학회 2012 사회복지정책 Vol.39 No.4

The purpose of this study is to explain the mechanism of the relationship between the social policies(institutions) and gender role attitudes(behavior or preference) in view of institutionalism. That is, the relationship between gender related structure and perceptions is empirically analyzed. As for the social policies, there was no statistically significant effects of cash expenditure on the gender role attitudes, however, service expenditure affected gender role attitudes. Indexes of the gender difference had statistically significant effect on the gender role attitudes. It is necessary to make and implement the policies to increase the representativeness of women and to empower women in order to progress the gender role attitudes. And the policies to socialize the care by services is needed to liberalize the gender role attitude. The theoretical implication is that it is empirically investigated that the effects of institutions to construct, constrain and change individual perception (in Institutionalism) were discovered in the relationship among family policies, gender difference and gender role attitudes.

한국인의 성역할 태도 양가성에 관한 연구

황동진,김사현 한국가족학회 2020 가족과 문화 Vol.32 No.2

This study handles the attitude toward gender role. Especially, the main purpose of this study is to examine the aspect and characteristics of ambivalent attitude toward gender role that has been structuralized in Korean society after getting out of the existing monodromy hypothesis on the attitude. In order to examine the factors forming the ambivalence of gender role attitude in Korean society, it was approached in the perspectives of personal situation, historical context, and gender. The ambivalence was measured by following the Griffin’s formula, and for the analysis, the censored regression model was utilized. The data for analysis is the ISSP(International Social Survey Programme: Family and Changing Gender Roles Ⅳ) 2012. The major results of the analysis are as follows. First, the ambivalence of gender role attitude worked in the historical context. Second, even though there were no significant differences between individuals, there were differences between classes within women. This shows the reality of Korean society where it is unavoidable to see the application of ambivalence to women in the perspective of gender. Therefore, in the results of this study, the ambivalence of gender role was not simply an individual-level problem, but a phenomenon that would work more structurally. 이 연구는 성역할에 대한 태도 문제를 다룬다. 특별히, 연구는 태도에 대한 기존의 일가성 가정에서 벗어나, 한국사회에 구조화되어 있는 성역할에 대한 양가적 태도의 양상과 특성을 살펴보는데 주된 목적을 둔다. 한국사회의 성역할 태도에 대한 양가성이 형성되는 요인을 규 명하기 위해 개인적 상황, 역사적 맥락, 젠더적 관점으로 접근하였다. 양가성의 측정은 그리핀 (Griffin)의 공식에 따라 이루어졌고, 분석을 위해 중도절단 회귀모형(censored regression model)을 활용하였다. 분석자료는 ISSP(International Social Survey Programme: Family and Changing Gender Roles Ⅳ) 2012 데이터이다. 분석의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성역할태도 양가성은 역사적 맥락에서 작동한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 개인 간 차이는 두드러지지 않았으나, 여성 내 계층 간 차이가 확인되었다. 이는 젠더적 관점에서 여성에게 양 가성이 작동할 수밖에 없는 한국사회의 현실을 보여주는 것이다. 따라서 성역할 양가성이 단 순히 개인수준의 문제이기 보다 구조적으로 작동하는 현상임을 알 수 있었다.

Gender-role Attitudes and Women's Decision on Employment : An Example of Taiwan

Wang, Lih-Rong 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성문제연구소 2003 Asian Women Vol.16 No.-

This paper explores Taiwan women's gender-role attitudes and their impact on their decisions to join the labor force. The research was conducted by face-to-face interviews through structured questionnaires. 505 women in the north part of Taiwan were interviewed. The test of gender-role attitudes consisted of three measurements including: The appropriateness of employment in their child-bearing age. Women's attitudes toward men being the breadwinners, and women the homemakers. Women's attitudes toward gender role divisions in the family. The findings state women's decisions regarding employment are highly associated with women's gender role ideology, and the data further indicate that Taiwanese women still maintain strong traditional gender role perspectives, an attitude that maintains women's appropriate role is in the home, particularly for women who are at the age of child-bearing.

성역할 및 성차별 태도 그리고 성별이 젠더혐오 주의편향에 미치는 영향

신성영,최윤경 계명대학교 여성학연구소 2023 젠더와 문화 Vol.16 No.2

This article examines the effects of gender roles, sexist attitudes, and gender on gender-based attentional bias using the emotional Stroop task. The participants in the study comprised of 40 undergraduate students (23 females and 17 males) at the universities located in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas, who scored 21 or less on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). They completed the Gender Role Attitudes Scale(SGRAS), the Korean Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (K-ASI), and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS), followed by an emotional Stroop task. The word stimuli used in the emotion Stroop task consisted of gender-based hate words, gender-neutral words, and fillers, from which two gender bias indexes were calculated. Speech of hate against women were perceived as more negative, arousing, understandable, and familiar than male-targeted hate expressions. The interaction between sexist attitudes and gender on the female-hating attentional bias index was not significant, but the interaction between gender role attitudes and gender was significant. No significant results were found on the male-hating attentional bias index. The article concludes by discussing its limitations and providing recommendations for future research.