Arias Intensity 액상화 평가기법의 적용성에 관한 연구

황정태(Jungtae Hwang),이종근(Jongkeun Lee),신은철(Eunchul Shin) 한국지반환경공학회 2013 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.14 No.6

본 연구에서는 액상화 평가 대상지반을 선정하여 미국, 일본 등 액상화 발생지역에 적용한 사례가 있는 에너지를 기반으로 하는 Arias intensity 액상화 평가법을 적용하고, 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 기존의 원위치시험을 통한 액상화 간편예측법을 수행하여 평가결과를 비교하였다. 대상지반에 대한 액상화 평가결과, Hachinohe 지진과 Ofunato 지진의 실지진기록을 이용한 Arias Intensity 안전율은 간편예측 안전율과 유사하게 산정되었으며, 설계응답스펙트럼으로부터 작성된 인공지진의 경우 Arias Intensity 안전율은 간편예측 안전율과 비교하여 다소 차이가 나타났다. 액상화를 발생시키는 전단응력비와 발생강도는 응력과 에너지라는 서로 다른 개념으로 산정되지만, 간편예측법의 전단저항응력비와 Arias Intensity의 저항강도는 실지진에 따른 액상화 발생지역을 대상으로 한 표준관입시험 등 경험적 도표를 사용한다는 점에서 Hachinohe 지진과 Ofunato 지진의 경우 Arias Intensity 평가법과 응력개념의 간편예측법 사이에 비슷한 결과가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 에너지를 기반으로 하는 Arias Intensity 액상화 평가법은 응력개념의 간편예측법에서 고려하지 않은 실지진 기록에 대한 가속도, 지속시간, 진폭 등의 지진특성으로 야기되는 지반의 동적변화를 표현할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. In this study, the target ground was selected for the assessment of liquefaction, for which energy-based Arias intensity liquefaction assessment method was applied, The results of evaluation by simplified method using conventional in-situ test were compared. The result of the assessment of liquefaction revealed that the safety factor of the Arias Intensity using the actual records of the Hachinohe and Ofunato earthquake showed generally similar trends with the simplified method, However, the Arias Intensity factor of safety for the artificial earthquake created from the design response spectrum showed some difference from the factors of safety of the simplified method. The shear stress ratio and the occurrence strength of the Arias Intensity are differently calculated between stress and energy, but the resistance stress ratio of the simplified method and the resistance strength of the Arias Intensity use the empirical chart of the results of the standard penetration test for the actual liquefaction areas bythe earthquake, which seems the reason for the similar results between Arias Intensity assessment and stress concept simplified method for Hachinohe and Ofunato earthquakes. Therefore, it was found that the energy-based Arias Intensity liquefaction assessment could represent the dynamic changes of the ground caused by seismic characteristics such as acceleration, magnitude, duration and amplitude

지정악취물질 배출허용농도기준의 적정성 검토와 개선안 연구

한진석,박상진 한국냄새환경학회 2013 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The correlations among odor intensity, offensive substance concentration, and dilution factor were reviewed for the 12 designated offensive odor substances in this study. It is to propose new regulatory odor standards based on relationships between odor intensity and offensive substance concentration, as well as odor intensity and dilution factor at the site boundary which were obtained from the comprehensive reviews of the adequacy of current regulation standards. Changes in intensity were found to be necessary to reflect exponential changes in concentrations and dilution factors. The change of substance concentrations with respect to the dilution factor was found to be a relatively linear relationship. The thorough evaluations of relationships among odor intensity, offensive substance concentration, and dilution factor led to the conclusion that the current regulatory standards were inadequate and the modification was necessary to reflect the new understandings. The new regulatory substance standards based on correlations with odor intensity for the 12 compounds were proposed. The proposed ammonia concentrations for the regulatory standard in the semi-industrial and industrial area were 15 ppm and 28 ppm, respectively. These are approximately 15 times higher than those of the current standards. For dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and isovaleraldehyde, the higher concentrations than those of current standards were also proposed. The proposed regulatory standards of dilution factor in semi-industrial and industrial area were 25 and 50, respectively. It is found that proposed quantitative relationships among the odor intensity, the offensive substance concentration, and the dilution factor in this study turned out to be more adequate to Korean than the current ones. 본 연구에서는 12종 지정악취물질에 대하여 악취강도와 개별 물질별 농도, 희석배수간의 상관관계 특성을 살펴보고, 배출허용기준으로 설정된 물질농도의 적정성을 종합적으로 검토하여 악취강도와 희석배수, 물질농도간 특성을 기반으로 새로운 희석배수와 물질농도의 기준치를 제시하고자 하였다. 악취강도의 변화를 위해서 기하급수적인 물질농도의 변화가 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 악취강도 증가에 따라 희석배수도 기하급수적으로 증가하는 특성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 물질농도 변화에 따른 희석배수의 증가는 비교적 선형적인 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 상관관계식을 이용하여 악취강도의 기본 기준치인 2.5와 3.0에 해당하는 희석배수 값을 산출하여 제시하였으며, 악취강도의 기본 기준치에 해당하는 물질농도를 산출한 결과, 현행 물질농도 기준과는 일부 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 적정성 검토 결과와 기준 악취강도로 계산된 물질농도 등을 고려하여 새로운 물질농도 기준을 제안하였다. 현행 기준치에 비하여 암모니아가 15 ppm 과 28 ppm으로 약 15배 높은 값이 제안되었으며, 디메틸설파이드, 디메틸디설파이드, 이소발레르알데하이드도 현행에 비해 높은 농도들이 제안되었다. 복합악취의 희석배수를 개별적인 지정악취물질 희석배수의 평균적인 의미로 간주하여 준공업지역과 공업지역의 기준치는 각각 25, 50 이 적정한 것으로 판단되었다. 악취강도와 희석배수, 물질농도간의 연계성을 고려할 때, 본 연구에서 제안된 물질농도에 대한 기준값이 현행 기준값에 비하여 적정성을 확보하고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

지정악취물질 배출허용농도기준의 적정성 검토와 개선안 연구

한진석,박상진 한국냄새환경학회 2013 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The correlations among odor intensity, offensive substance concentration, and dilution factor were reviewed for the 12 designated offensive odor substances in this study. It is to propose new regulatory odor standards based on relationships between odor intensity and offensive substance concentration, as well as odor intensity and dilution factor at the site boundary which were obtained from the comprehensive reviews of the adequacy of current regulation standards. Changes in intensity were found to be necessary to reflect exponential changes in concentrations and dilution factors. The change of substance concentrations with respect to the dilution factor was found to be a relatively linear relationship. The thorough evaluations pf relationships among odor intensity, offensive substance concentration, and dilution factor led to the conclusion that the current regulatory standards were inadequate and the modification was necessary to reflect the new understandings. The new regulatory substance standards based on correlations with odor intensity for the 12 compounds were proposed. The proposed ammonia concentrations for the regulatory standard in the semi-industrial and industrial area were 15 ppm and 28 ppm, respectively. These are approximately 15 times higher than those of the current standards. For dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and isovaleraldehyde, the higher concentrations than those of current standards were also pro posed. The proposed regulatory standards of dilution factor in semi-industrial and industrial area were 25 and 50, respectively. It is found that proposed quantitative relationships among the odor intensity, the offensive substance concentration, and the dilution factor in this study turned out to be more adequate to Korean than the current ones.

운동과 뇌신경가소성 : 고강도 인터벌 운동의 효과성 고찰

황지선(Ji Sun Hwang),김태영(Tae Young Kim),황문현(Moon-Hyon Hwang),이원준(Won Jun Lee) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

운동은 중추와 말초의 각종 성장인자(BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF)들의 상호작용에 의해 뇌신경가소성을 증진시키고 인지기능을 향상시킨다. 지금까지 저·중강도 지속성 유산소 운동의 효과를 검증하는 선행연구가 주로 이루어졌기 때문에 고강도 운동에 따른 뇌신경성장인자의 발현 및 인지기능 개선 효과에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 하지만 최근의 과학적 증거들은 고강도 인터벌 운동이 시간 효율성, 안전성, 심폐지구력 개선 및 체중 감소에 효과적임을 암시하고 있으며, 미스포츠의학회(ACSM)에서 권장하는 일반인을 위한 운동지침에서도 무리가 되지 않는 수준에서 고강도 인터벌 운동 수행을 강조하고 있다. 특히 최근에 발표된 선행 연구에서 고강도 인터벌 운동은 말초조직과 뇌에서의 BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF의 발현을 증가시키고 그로 인한 인지기능 발달에 기여한다는 것을 보고하였으며, 관련된 유력한 생리학적 기전으로 고강도 인터벌 운동으로 인한 뇌의 저산소화와 뇌신경대사의 부가적인 에너지원이 될 수 있는 젖산 이용성 증가가 대두되고 있다. 따라서 향후 저산소화 및 젖산 이용성 증가에 따른 뇌신경성장인자 발현 개선에 어떤 분자생물학적 기전이 관여하는지를 탐구할 필요가 있으며, 또한 동일한 운동량을 가진 저·중강도 지속성 유산소 운동과의 비교 연구를 통해 뇌신경성장인자의 발현 및 인지기능 개선에 있어 고강도 인터벌 운동의 우수성을 입증하는 연구가 요구된다. Exercise increases the expression and interaction of major neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at both central and peripheral tissues, which contributes to improved brain and neural plasticity and cognitive function. Previous findings have been to understand the effect of light or moderate intensity aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function, not that of high intensity aerobic exercise. However, recent findings suggest that high intensity interval training is a safe, less time-consuming, efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control, thus American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM)’s guidelines for exercise prescription for various adult populations also recommend the application of high intensity interval training to promote their overall health. High intensity interval training also enhances the expression of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF at the brain and peripheral tissues, which improves cognitive function. Increased frequency of intermittent hypoxia and increased usage of lactate as a supplementary metabolic resource at the brain and neural components are considered a putative physiological mechanism by which high intensity interval training improves neurotrophic factors and cognitive function. Therefore, future studies are required to understand how increased hypoxia and lactate usage leads to the improvement of neurotrophic factors and what the related biological mechanisms are. In addition, by comparing with the iso-caloric moderate continuous exercise, the superiority of high intensity interval training on the expression of neurotrophic factors and cognitive function should be demonstrated by associated future studies.

스마트베타 위험요인 결합 투자전략에 관한 연구: 국면전환을 중심으로

손삼호(Sam-Ho Sohn),윤보현(Bohyun Yoon) 한국증권학회 2019 한국증권학회지 Vol.48 No.3

본 논문은 스마트베타 위험요인들이 각기 다른 시점에서 제공하는 수익기회를 활용하는 동태적 포트폴리오의 한 가지 사례를 제시하고, 그 성과의 이론적, 실무적 함의를 검토하였다. 구체적으로 본 논문은 스마트베타 위험요인의 수익률에 대해서 설명력을 갖는 국내 거시 · 금융 사이클 관련지표들을 활용하여 매 시점마다 변화하는 매수신호 강도를 설정하고 이 매수신호 강도에 비례하도록 예상강도가중치(expectation intensity weight) 포트폴리오를 구성하였다. 시장벤치마크와 예상강도가중치 위험요인 결합포트폴리오의 성과를 비교해보면, 연별 수익률은 10.26%에서 20.69%로, 연별 표준편차는 18.94%에서 12.09%로, 왜도는 -0.44에서 0.20으로, 최대가치감가는 -46.12%에서 -12.52%로 대비되어 큰 폭의 성과개선이 확인된다. 한편, 하위표본기간과 리밸런싱 주기조정 포트폴리오 및 투자업무 적용가능성을 고려한 매수전용포지션 등에서도 성과개선의 강건성이 확인되고 있다. 이 결과들은 우리나라에서도 장기적인 주가수익률이 상당한 수준으로 설명 가능하다는 중대한 이론적 함의를 갖는다. 또한 본 논문이 제시한 단순한 포트폴리오 구성 방식은 금융소비자들의 기호에 부합하도록 복잡다단하게 변형할 수 있는데, 이는 최근 주목받고 있는 우리나라 스마트베타 ETF 펀드들의 위험요인 결합 투자전략의 전망을 밝게 해주고 있다. This paper investigates the relationship between the profits of smart beta and macro-economic and market cycles, considering that responses of factors of smart beta to the phases of the cycles are different from each other, thereby providing profits at different points in time. We present an heuristic and rule based factor allocation framework which properly utilizes the profit opportunities and examine the theoretical and practical implications. To examine the profit opportunities of the cyclical factors, we collected a wide range of macroeconomic and financial indicators and tested the explanatory power of the indicators on the systematic factors. The long intensity signal is constructed as a pre-specified function of the regimes, based on verified cycle related indicators. The expectation intensity weight in each factor is constructed proportional to this intensity signal. Comparing the performance of expectation intensity weighted portfolio with that of market benchmark, we found a significant improvement: annualized return increases from 10.26% to 20.69%, annual volatility (standard deviation) decreases from 18.94% to 12.09%, skewness increases from -0.44 to 0.20, and maximum drawdown decreases from -46.12% to -12.52%. The performance from different sample period, different rebalancing frequency and long-only factor based portfolios ensures the robustness of our empirical results. This implies that the factors of smart beta have considerable explanatory power in the long-term returns in Korean stock market. As this simple heuristic strategies can be transformed in various ways, thereby better fitting investors’ preferences, our results shed light on the prospects of Korean smart beta strategies.

Experimental and numerical analysis of fatigue behaviour for tubular K-joints

Shao, Yong-Bo,Cao, Zhen-Bin Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.19 No.6

In this paper, a full-scale K-joint specimen was tested to failure under cyclic combined axial and in-plane bending loads. In the fatigue test, the crack developments were monitored step by step using the alternating current potential drop (ACPD) technique. Using Paris' law, stress intensity factor, which is a fracture parameter to be frequently used by many designers to predict the integrity and residual life of tubular joints, can be obtained from experimental test results of the crack growth rate. Furthermore, a scheme of automatic mesh generation for a cracked K-joint is introduced, and numerical analysis of stress intensity factor for the K-joint specimen has then been carried out. In the finite element analysis, J-integral method is used to estimate the stress intensity factors along the crack front. The numerical stress intensity factor results have been validated through comparing them with the experimental results. The comparison shows that the proposed numerical model can produce reasonably accurate stress intensity factor values. The effects of different crack shapes on the stress intensity factors have also been investigated, and it has been found that semi-ellipse is suitable and accurate to be adopted in numerical analysis for the stress intensity factor. Therefore, the proposed model in this paper is reliable to be used for estimating the stress intensity factor values of cracked tubular K-joints for design purposes.

힐링캠프에 입소한 관심보호병사의 자살인식 요인에 대한 연구

이명화(Lee, Myung-Hwa) 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2018 특수교육논총 Vol.33 No.2

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 자살을 인식하고 있는 관심보호병사를 대상으로 자살위험요인을 개인적, 가족적, 사회 환경적 특성으로 나누어 분석함으로써 관심보호병호병사의 정신건강 수준을 높이는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 방안들을 강구하고자 한다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 관심보호병사의 자살인식 요인에 영향을 미치는 원인을 분석하기 위하여 2006년부터 2017년까지 청소년과 대학생의 자살과 관련된 학술지, 학위논문들을 바탕으로 자살, 자살충동, 자살생각, 자살사고, 자살시도, 자살관련, 자살행동, 자살위험성, 자살성, 자살위험요인의 관련 주제어를 검색하여 총 235편의 논문 중 학술지에 등재된 59편의 논문을 선정하였다. 자살인식에 미치는 요인을 개인적, 가족적, 사회 환경적 특성으로 나누어 분석틀을 설정하여 관심보호병사들의 자살 위험요인을 살펴보았다. 연구결과: 첫째, 자살위험요인인 개인적, 가족적, 사회 환경적 특성 중 개인적 특성이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 둘째, 자살위험요인 중 개인적 특성의 하위요인으로는 부정적 정서가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 셋째, 자살위험요인 중 가족적 특성의 하위요인으로 가족환경이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 넷째, 자살위험요인 중 사회 환경적 특성의 하위요인으로는 사회적 지지가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 결론: 이처럼 본 연구를 통해 자살을 생각하거나 시도하는 관심보호병사들의 자살위험요인은 하나만 나타나는 것이라 상호 결합하여 나타난다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 점을 활용하여 자살을 인식하는 관심보호병사들을 효과적으로 관리하여 정신건강 수준을 높이기 위한 다양한 방안들을 강구할 수 있을 것이며, 제대 후에도 지속적으로 정신건강에 대한 관리를 받을 수 있도록 돕는 방안들을 마련할 필요가 있을 것이다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore ways to help raise the level of mental health by analyzing the suicidal risk factors of the soldier who need intensive care considering suicide, in terms of individual, family, and social environmental characteristics. Method: To investigate the causes of suicide perception of the soldier who need intensive care, 59 papers listed in the journal were selected from a total of 235 papers. based on academic journals and theses related to suicide. suicide attempt, suicidal thoughts, suicidal behavior, suicide risk, suicidal tendency, and suicide risk factors of youth and college students from 2006 to 2017. The factors affecting suicide perception were divided into personal, family, and social environmental characteristics, and the analytical framework was set up to investigate suicide risk factors of the soldier who need intensive care. Results: The results are as follows. First, personal characteristics in personal, family, and social environmental factors, were the highest risk factors for suicide. Second, negative emotions were the most common subfactors among suicide risk factors. Third, family environment of sub-factors of family characteristics. was the highest factor of suicide risk factors. Fourth, social support was the most important subfactor in the sub-factors of social environmental characteristics of suicide risk factors. Conclusion: In this study, it can be seen that suicide risk factors of the soldier needing intensive care who think or attempt to commit suicide appear not in their own but in a mutual combination. Using the results of this study, It is necessary to take measures to improve the level of mental health by effectively managing the soldier who need intensive care and to prepare measures to help the mental health management continuously after the discharge.

힐링캠프에 입소한 관심보호병사의 자살인식 요인에 대한 연구

이명희 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2018 특수교육논총 Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore ways to help raise the level of mental health by analyzing the suicidal risk factors of the soldier who need intensive care considering suicide, in terms of individual, family, and social environmental characteristics. Method: To investigate the causes of suicide perception of the soldier who need intensive care, 59 papers listed in the journal were selected from a total of 235 papers. based on academic journals and theses related to suicide. suicide attempt, suicidal thoughts, suicidal behavior, suicide risk, suicidal tendency, and suicide risk factors of youth and college students from 2006 to 2017. The factors affecting suicide perception were divided into personal, family, and social environmental characteristics, and the analytical framework was set up to investigate suicide risk factors of the soldier who need intensive care. Results: The results are as follows. First, personal characteristics in personal, family, and social environmental factors, were the highest risk factors for suicide. Second, negative emotions were the most common subfactors among suicide risk factors. Third, family environment of sub-factors of family characteristics. was the highest factor of suicide risk factors. Fourth, social support was the most important subfactor in the sub-factors of social environmental characteristics of suicide risk factors. Conclusion: In this study, it can be seen that suicide risk factors of the soldier needing intensive care who think or attempt to commit suicide appear not in their own but in a mutual combination. Using the results of this study, It is necessary to take measures to improve the level of mental health by effectively managing the soldier who need intensive care and to prepare measures to help the mental health management continuously after the discharge. 연구목적: 본 연구에서는 자살을 인식하고 있는 관심보호병사를 대상으로 자살위험요인을 개인적, 가족 적, 사회 환경적 특성으로 나누어 분석함으로써 관심보호병호병사의 정신건강 수준을 높이는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 방안들을 강구하고자 한다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 관심보호병사의 자살인식 요인에 영향을 미 치는 원인을 분석하기 위하여 2006년부터 2017년까지 청소년과 대학생의 자살과 관련된 학술지, 학위논 문들을 바탕으로 자살, 자살충동, 자살생각, 자살사고, 자살시도, 자살관련, 자살행동, 자살위험성, 자살성, 자살위험요인의 관련 주제어를 검색하여 총 235편의 논문 중 학술지에 등재된 59편의 논문을 선정하였 다. 자살인식에 미치는 요인을 개인적, 가족적, 사회 환경적 특성으로 나누어 분석틀을 설정하여 관심보 호병사들의 자살 위험요인을 살펴보았다. 연구결과: 첫째, 자살위험요인인 개인적, 가족적, 사회 환경적 특성 중 개인적 특성이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 둘째, 자살위험요인 중 개인적 특성의 하위요인으 로는 부정적 정서가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 셋째, 자살위험요인 중 가족적 특성의 하위요인으로 가족환경이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 넷째, 자살위험요인 중 사회 환경적 특성의 하위요인으로는 사 회적 지지가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 결론: 이처럼 본 연구를 통해 자살을 생각하거나 시도하는 관 심보호병사들의 자살위험요인은 하나만 나타나는 것이라 상호 결합하여 나타난다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이 러한 점을 활용하여 자살을 인식하는 관심보호병사들을 효과적으로 관리하여 정신건강 수준을 높이기 위 한 다양한 방안들을 강구할 수 있을 것이며, 제대 후에도 지속적으로 정신건강에 대한 관리를 받을 수 있도록 돕는 방안들을 마련할 필요가 있을 것이다.

Analysis of a mode-I crack perpendicular to an imperfect interface

Zhong, Xian-Ci,Li, Xian-Fang,Lee, Kang Yong Elsevier 2009 International journal of solids and structures Vol.46 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The elastostatic problem of a mode-I crack embedded in a bimaterial with an imperfect interface is investigated. The crack is in proximity to and perpendicular to the imperfect interface, which is governed by linear spring-like relations. The Fourier transform is applied to reduce the associated mixed-boundary value problem to a singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel. By numerically solving the resulting equation, stress intensity factors near both crack tips are evaluated. Obtained results reveal that the stress intensity factors in the presence of the imperfect interface vary between that with a perfect interface and that with a completely debonding interface. Moreover, an increase in the interface parameters decreases the stress intensity factors. In particular, when crack approaches to the weakened interface closer, the stress intensity factors become larger for a sliding interface, and become larger or smaller for a Winkler interface, depending on the crack lying in a stiffer or softer material. The influences of the imperfection of the interface on the stress intensity factors for a bimaterial composed of aluminum and steel are presented graphically.</P>

Stress intensity factors for double-edged cracked steel beams strengthened with CFRP plates

Hai-Tao Wang,Gang Wu,Yu-Yang Pang,Habeeb M. Zakari 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.33 No.5

This paper presents a theoretical and finite element (FE) study on the stress intensity factors of double-edged cracked steel beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. By simplifying the tension flange of the steel beam using a steel plate in tension, the solutions obtained for the stress intensity factors of the double-edged cracked steel plate strengthened with CFRP plates were used to evaluate those of the steel beam specimens. The correction factor <i>α</i>₁ was modified based on the transformed section method, and an additional correction factor <i>φ</i> was introduced into the expressions. Threedimensional FE modeling was conducted to calculate the stress intensity factors. Numerous combinations of the specimen geometry, crack length, CFRP thickness and Young's modulus, adhesive thickness and shear modulus were analyzed. The numerical results were used to investigate the variations in the stress intensity factor and the additional correction factor <i>φ</i>. The proposed expressions are a function of applied stress, crack length, the ratio between the crack length and half the width of the tension flange, the stiffness ratio between the CFRP plate and tension flange, adhesive shear modulus and thickness. Finally, the proposed expressions were verified by comparing the theoretical and numerical results.