동영상 기반의 감성콘텐츠 제작을 위한 감성캐릭터의 개발

안성혜 한국기초조형학회 2016 기초조형학연구 Vol.17 No.6

Today, users want to have interactive communication in digital-based environment. Thus, it is necessary to develop user-oriented tools to express emotion. The purpose of this paper is to develop an emotional character that can express individualized emotion diversely in real time. Based on it, it aims to suggest the direction to produce video-clip based emotional contents. For this, first, it aimed to establish the emotion classification system focusing on facial expression and hand movement by classifying diverse non-verbal emotional expressions in each type. In the results, total six types of change in basic emotion were drawn such as 'Normal', 'Afraid', 'Happy', 'Angry', 'Sad', and 'Surprise'. Next, in order to express diverse emotions of the emotional character with facial expression and gesture, the six central emotions were modularized by segmentalizing them into 22 emotions, which was used as graphic resource. By developing the animation production tool to diversely express individualized emotion of the emotional character, it became easy to have emotional communication. The way to express emotion suggested by this paper is realized as animations expressing diverse emotions changing from the expressionless face of the emotional character, and it can be expressed through a user-friendly method that selects or combines gestures and facial expressions segmentalized into 22 emotions. In order to express more complex, delicate and individualized emotion, it was programmed to express diverse emotions in real time by controlling the parameter value in the suggested basic emotion value. 오늘날 디지털 기반 환경 속의 사용자들은 상호작용이 가능한 커뮤니케이션을 원하게 되면서, 사용자 중심의 감정표현 도구를 개발할 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 논문은 디지털 환경에서 개인화된 감정을 다양하게 실시간으로 표현할 수 있는 감성캐릭터를 개발하고자 하는 목적으로 연구되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 동영상 기반 감성콘텐츠 제작의 방향성을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 먼저, 다양한 비언어적 감정표현들을 유형별로 분류하여 얼굴표정과 손동작을 중심으로 감정분류 체계를 갖추고자 하였으며, 그 결과 ‘기본상태’를 기준으로 ‘두려움’, ‘행복’, ‘화남’, ‘슬픔’, ‘놀람’ 등 6가지 기본감정의 변화 양상을 도출하였다. 다음으로 감성캐릭터의 다양한 감정을 얼굴표정과 제스처로 표현하기 위해서 6가지 중심 감정을 다시 22가지 감정으로 세분화하여 모듈화하고, 이를 그래픽 리소스로 제작하였다. 이를 바탕으로 감성캐릭터의 개인화된 감정을 다양하게 표현할 수 있는 애니메이션 제작 툴을 개발함으로써 감성커뮤니케이션이 용이하도록 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 감정표현 방법은 감성캐릭터의 무표정 상태에서 변화되는 다양한 감정표현 애니메이션으로 구현되며, 22가지 감정의 세분화된 얼굴표정과 제스처들을 각각 선택하거나 조합하는 사용자 친화적인 방법으로 표현할 수 있다. 좀 더 복잡하고 미묘한 개인화된 감정을 표현하기 위해서는 제시된 기본 감정값에서 조절변수의 수치를 조절함으로써 실시간으로 다양한 감정을 표현할 수 있도록 프로그래밍 하였다.

호텔 종사원의 감정노동이 감정부조화 및 행동의도에 미치는 영향

채신석 한국관광학회 2012 관광학연구 Vol.36 No.7

Emotional labor can be defined as the degree of manipulation of one’'s inner feelings or outward behavior to display the appropriate emotion in response to display rules or occupational norms. The aim of this research was to investigate the emotional labor on emotional dissonance as it was perceived by hotel Foof and Beverage employees and to examine the effects of the emotional dissonance on job burnout and turn over intentions. Data were collected from hotel Food and Beverage workers at 10 five star hotels in Seoul. A total of 238 samples were finally used for the analysis. The result of factor analysis delineated four factors of the emotional labor: deep acting, surface acting, emotional deviance and naturally felt emotions. The results of the analysis showed that emotional labor, such as deep acting, surface acting, emotional deviance, had significant effect on emotional dissonance, while the expression of naturally felt emotions did not. The results also indicated that emotional dissonance had a significant influence on the job burnout, while it was not significantly associated with turnover intention. In contrast, the job burnout had a significant effect on turnover intention. Practical implications and limitation of the study are discussed within. 본 연구는 고객접점에 있는 호텔종사원들의 감정노동 수행이 종사원들의 행동의도에 미치는 영향관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 설문조사는 서울시내 특1급 10개 호텔에서 238개의 유효표본을 SPSS 12.0/Amos 5를 이용하여 분석에 이용되었다. 분석결과, 첫째, 서비스 종사원의 감정노동이 감정부조화에 유의적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 검증한 결과, 심층행위, 표면행위, 감정일탈 등이 유의적인 결과를 제시하고 있으나, 진심행위는 비유의적인 결과로 나타났다. 둘째, 감정부조화는 종사원의 직무소진 및 이직의도에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 검증한 결과, 직무소진에는 높은 유의성을 미치는데 비하여 이직의도에는 비유의적인 결과가 도출 되었다. 셋째, 감정부조화를 통한 종사원의 직무소진이 행동의도인 이직의도에 미치는 가설을 검증한 결과, 직무소진은 이직의도에 유의한 결과로 분석 되었다.

정서적 문식성 중심의 시 감상교육 연구

김민지 ( Minji¸ Kim ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2021 先淸語文 Vol.48 No.-

This Study introduces ‘Emotional Literacy’ as a concept to explain the learner’s emotional response to poetry, based on the belief that poetry appreciation education should pay attention to the learner’s emotional response process, and aims to project poetry appreciation education for developing emotional literacy. The act of appreciating poetry is not only an act toward the other implied in the poem but also toward the inside of the self. Thus, the learners as the reader can figure out in depth the emotion of the text through experiencing the other’s and their own emotions, and understanding how that experiences are related with subject’s perception and way of life. This way of poem reading is made possible through the process of constant communication between the other and the learners, and the emotions provoked in the appreciation process can be internalized in learners through self-reflection on their own reaction. Therefore, This study conceptualizes the ‘Emotional Literacy’ as learner’s ability to perceive, understand, express, and self-reflect about the emotion in the process of poetry appreciation, and aims to design the poetry appreciation education by analyzing the types and problems of the real learner’s practice of emotional literacy. In order to examine the types of emotional literacy of the learners, this study selected the modern poetry texts according to the criteria for activating the emotional response. After that, based on the theory of the appreciation of works of art, presented principle as ‘Perception of expressed emotions in the text’, ‘Communication for understanding emotions subjectively’, and ‘Self-reflection of emotional response for expressing emotions’. This study assumed these categories as having a circular and complementary nature rather than a linear process or stages. Based on this, this study categorized the real practicing aspects by analysing the learners’ reports. The aspects of learners’ emotional literacy practicing were categorized as follows by data analysis. First, ‘Understanding informations of the text and Perceiving of expressed emotions in the text’ was presented as capturing emotions through discovery of emotional marks, suggesting emotional situations through text citations, and inferring emotions through context reconstitution. Second, as the result of categorizing by similarity of experiences that learners use as a communication mechanism to build a communicative relationship between themselves and others, ‘Communication between self-other and Subjectivization of emotions’ was presented as empathic understanding of emotions through recollecting similar experiences, relative understanding of emotions through referring adjacent experiences, and concretization of own emotions through comparing with others. Third, ‘Self-reflecting of emotional response and expression of emotions’ was divided into two aspects according to the learner’s reflection process on self-expression, it was found to recognize the effect of other’s emotional expression and to reconstruct emotional expression through reflective comparison. This study explored the possibility of education about emotional response by assuming the emotional literacy as learners’ appreciation ability that can be confirmed and extended in the process of poetry appreciation. The significance of this study is that it can form a communicative self, secure active attitude of learner as the emotional subject, deepen the learners‘ appreciation and enhance their ability to express emotions, by designing concrete educational methods through analyzing the aspects of actual learners.

Emotional Labour of Caring for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients: Iranian Nurses’ Experiences

Vahid Zamanzadeh,Leila Valizadeh,Leila Sayadi,Fariba Taleghani,Fuchsia Howard,Alireza Jeddian 한국간호과학회 2013 Asian Nursing Research Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the emotional labour experienced by nurses who care for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients in Iran. Methods: Eighteen nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods. Results: Three main categories described the emotional labour involved, namely, emotional intimacy, feeling overwhelmed with the sadness and suffering, and changing self. Nurses had compassion for their patients, contributing to a close nurse-patient relationship. The nurses’ emotional labour resulted in their feeling overwhelmed with sadness and suffering. Five subcategories described this emotional toll: (a) witnessing suffering, (b) struggling mentally, (c) hurting emotionally, (d) feeling drained of energy, and (e) escaping grief. Dealing with death and dying on an ongoing basis promoted the nurses’ changing self. Conclusion: Iranian nurses who care for HSCT patients experience a range of positive and negative emotions. Establishing appropriate support systems for nurses might help mediate the negative aspects of emotional labour. thereby improving nursing work life and ultimately the quality of patient care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the emotional labour experienced by nurses who care for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients in Iran. Methods: Eighteen nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods. Results: Three main categories described the emotional labour involved, namely, emotional intimacy, feeling overwhelmed with the sadness and suffering, and changing self. Nurses had compassion for their patients, contributing to a close nurse-patient relationship. The nurses’ emotional labour resulted in their feeling overwhelmed with sadness and suffering. Five subcategories described this emotional toll: (a) witnessing suffering, (b) struggling mentally, (c) hurting emotionally, (d) feeling drained of energy, and (e) escaping grief. Dealing with death and dying on an ongoing basis promoted the nurses’ changing self. Conclusion: Iranian nurses who care for HSCT patients experience a range of positive and negative emotions. Establishing appropriate support systems for nurses might help mediate the negative aspects of emotional labour. thereby improving nursing work life and ultimately the quality of patient care.

문화기반시설 서비스 인력의 감정노동과 소진

한지희(Han, Ji Hee),우사랑(Woo, Sa Rang),한주희(Hahn, Ju Hee) 한국서비스경영학회 2015 서비스경영학회지 Vol.16 No.3

As the service employees grow in number in accordance with the rapidly growing cultural and arts industry, emotional labor becomes a more and more prevalent component of culture and arts service section. Since the concept of emotional labor was first introduced by Hochschild(1983), there have been many researches that investigated the mediator and the moderator of emotional labor and burnout. This study is aimed to examine the moderated effects of emotional intelligence(self-emotional appraisal, other"s emotional appraisal, regulation of emotion, use of emotion) in relationship of emotional labor(surface acting, deep acting) and burn-out(exhaustion, depersonalization) which service employee in the cultural facilities. In order to conduct the research, The survey period took place from 1 July to 10 July 2015, 206 questionaries were distributed to service employees in cultural facilities in Seoul, 203 questionaries were completed and used. Their search findings were summarized as follows. First, the surface acting was positively related to cultural facilities service employee"s burnout(exhaustion and depersonalization). Contrastively, the deep acting wasn"t related to burnout. In addition, employment type was proven to effects burnout. Second, cultural facilities service employee"s self-emotional appraisal and other"s emotional appraisal were related to emotional labor and burnout. However, regulation of emotion and use of emotion were not related to emotional labor and burnout. Third, cultural facilities service employees who play surface acting causes more burnout, lower self-emotional appraisal and other"s emotional. Meanwhile, Cultural facilities service employees who play deep acting induces lower burnout, more self-emotional appraisal and other"s emotional.

우울과 정서 불안정성: 분산, 자기상관 및 계차제곱평균의 비교

최미란,장승민,김향숙 한국임상심리학회 2016 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.35 No.4

Depressive disorders are known to be closely related to emotional dysregulation and therefore, emotional instability. Previous studies suggested that emotional instability can be characterized by two components, emotional variability and emotional inertia, the indice of which are emotional variability and emotional inertia, respectively, but there have been few studies which comprehensively examined emotional instability of depressed individuals. The current study, by utilizing experience sampling method, aimed to compare variance and autocorrelation with the Mean Square Successive Difference, a newly introduced index of emotional instability reflecting both variability and inertia of emotion. In addition, this study aimed to examine the dynamics of emotional instability with respect to activation dimension as well as valence dimension of emotion. For this purpose, 25 participants with depression and 24 non-depressed participants were asked to rate their positive-activated (happy, pleasant), positive-deactivated (calm, comfortable), negative-activated (irritated, anxious), and negative-deactivated (depressed, tired) emotional states, five times a day for seven consecutive days. The results of the independent sample t-tests were as follows: First, participants with depression displayed higher valence variability, activation variability, and spin compared with non-depressed individuals, while no significant group difference in pulse was found. Second, there was no significant group difference in valence and activation of emotional inertia. Third, the depressed group showed significantly higher scores in valence and activation of mean successive difference, compared with the non-depressed group. The current study is significant with respect to the synthetically analyzed dynamics of emotional instability by comparing three major indexes including variance, autocorrelation, and mean square successive difference, as well as by considering two dimensions of emotion.

경계선 성격장애 성향군의 정서조절 능력: 억제 기능, 과민반응, 조절곤란을 중심으로

이종환,곽호완,이상일,장문선 한국임상심리학회 2013 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.32 No.3

The aim of this study is to investigate differential inhibitory functions related to emotional regulation in young adults with borderline personality traits as compared to control subjects, and to investigate relations among emotional hyper-reactivity, difficulties in emotional regulation, and performance in neuropsychological tasks measuring inhibitory functions related to emotional regulation. A BPD tendencies group (n=27) and control group (n=32) was selected among 380 undergraduate students based on scores on the Personality Assessment Inventory - Borderline Features Scale(PAI-BOR). The BPD tendencies group were compared with the control group in the following tasks using emotional stimuli (negative, neutral, and positive): the emotional Stroop test (inhibition of interference), the negative priming task (automatic, rapid, and resource-independent inhibition), and the directed forgetting task (intentional, slow, and resource-dependent inhibition). In comparison with the control group, the BPD tendencies group showed reduced inhibition of negative material in all tasks, while no significant differences were observed in performance of neutral and positive material in all tasks. In the BPD tendencies group, significant correlations were observed between reaction time to negative stimuli in the negative priming task and emotional hyper-reactivity scale scores as well as the difficulties in emotional regulation sale scores. Significant correlation was also observed between reaction time to positive stimuli in the negative priming task and emotional hyper-reactivity scale scores. The results of this study suggest that individuals with borderline personality traits have difficulties in actively suppressing information when it causes negative emotion. Inhibitory dysfunction, which is found in individuals with borderline personality traits, appears to show a closely association with emotional hyper-reactivity and difficulties in emotional regulation

특급호텔 종사원의 감성지능이 감정노동과 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향

조수현,김미성 한국호텔관광학회 2017 호텔관광연구 Vol.19 No.1

The principal objective of this study is to examine on the effects of emotional intelligence on emotional labor and job stress of the hotel employees. Moreover, this study was to provide fundamental and practical data for hotel industry. In this study, 3 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. A questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 250 hotel employees was surveyed and a total of 228 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using multiple regression analysis using SPSS18.0. Firstly, emotional intelligence was divided into 'self-emotional appraisal', 'other's emotional appraisal', 'regulation of emotion' and 'use of emotion' according to the literature review. Analysis showed that just 3 dimensions ('self-emotional appraisal', 'other's emotional appraisal', 'regulation of emotion' and 'use of emotion') have effect on frequency of emotional display. And 'self-emotional appraisal' and 'regulation of emotion' have positive effects on emotional dissonance. Secondly, 'self-emotional appraisal' and 'regulation of emotion' have positive effects on role conflict. And regulation of emotion has positive effects on role overload. Thirdly, emotional dissonance has positive effects on role conflict. And frequency of emotional display, emotional dissonance have positive effects on role overload. Continuous and systematic training program which build up team work should be conducted to administer 'emotional intelligence'.

의인화 동물 캐릭터의 감정단계 제안-코끼리 캐릭터 호튼(Horton)을 중심으로-

이영숙 ( Lee Young-suk ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2014 한국디자인포럼 Vol.43 No.-

본 연구는 애니메이션에서 표현된 의인화동물캐릭터의 감정단계를 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 애니메이션에 등장하는 코끼리캐릭터를 대상으로 6가지 기본감정(기쁨, 슬픔, 화남, 두려움, 혐오, 놀람)에 대한 DB를 분류하였다. 분류된 DB를 대상으로 움직임과 감정표현의 특징을 분석하였다. 다음으로 각 감정에 대한 강도를 라반(Laban)의 움직임 이론을 살펴보고 에포트인자(Effort Factor)를 대입하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 의인화동물캐릭터의 감정단계의 변화에 따른 감정강도 요인을 추출하였다. 그리고 각 감정표현에 대한 감정단계로 제안하였다. 이것은 의인화동물캐릭터가 시나리오를 표현할 경우 자연스러운 감정의 표출을 위하여 필수적이다. 또한 의인화동물캐릭터가 감정에 적합한 동작연출을 시도하고자 할때 정확하고 적절한 감정을 표현하기 위한 목적이다. 향후 다양한 확장된 포유류 및 조류등 다양한 동물캐릭터의 감정표현에 따른 동작연출에 기여하고자 한다. This study demonstrates emotional intensity of anthropomorphic animal characters expressed in animation. For this, we have categorized DB about basic emotional (Happiness, Surprise, Fear, Anger, Disgust, Sadness) with elephant character in animation as our target. The classified DB to target the characteristics of movement and emotional expression analyzed. Then, we have examined movement theory of Laban for each emotional intensity and analyzed them by substituting effort factor. As a result, we have extracted emotional intensity factor depending on changes in sentimental level of anthropomorphic animal characters. And we have suggested emotional level about each emotional expression. This is essential to show natural emotional when anthropomorphic animal character expresses the scenario. Besides, when the character tries to direct appropriate movement for every emotional, it has the purpose to express the appropriate and clear emotional. We hope to contribute in directing movement depending on emotional expression for various expanded animal characters such as mammals and birds.

인간의 긍정적인 심리 변화과정에서 동작을 통한 감정표현의 하부 구조인 감정 표출의 의미에 대한 고찰: 융의 적극적 상상의 관점에서

박선영 한국예술교육학회 2018 예술교육연구 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study was to re-understand the value of emotional expressions in body movements by examining the physical emotional expressions in the process of promoting human psychological change from the viewpoint of Jung's active imagination and Aristotle's catharsis. The study on emotional expression and emotional intelligence through dance movements that have been conducted until recently (Na Jung-sun, 2011; Park Eun-kyung, 2010; Park Jin-sun, 2018; Seo Jin-hee, 2013; Lee Ji-hyun, 2008; Jang Hye-ji, 2011; Jo Eun-ji, 2017; Choi Eun-hee, 2002) is mostly about emotional expressions. The researcher thought that it was desirable to understand the process in depth in order to promote the expression of emotions, and to examine the meaning of emotional expr ession, which is the leading step in emotional expression and perception, which is revealed in the process of active imagination by psychologist Jung. To do this, we examined the correlation between body and emotional expression, and then we saw how emotional expressions were explained from Jung’s and Aristotle’s perspectives, and how emotional expressions could help us make healthy psychological changes. Jung's active imagination and Aristotle's Catharsis concept described emotional expression in two ways or dimensions. In active imagination, it is said to cause emotional expressions to occur and to participate and act consciously in their expressions. In catharsis, it is called removing and purifying emotional tensions. This can be said to be the expression and consciousness of emotion. Recently, Western mindfulness-based psychotherapy seems to focus more on finding meaning by staying in the emotion rather than removing or revealing emotions. However, considering the emotional expression culture of Koreans, especially those who are experiencing difficulties in their changes due to emotional oppression and rational thinking in modern society, the expression of emotions is an important factor in the process of psychological growth. Expression of emotions through the body will help consciously conscious of their unconsciousness and provide opportunities for people with difficult language expressions to explore the subject of life. It will also be used as a ritual to conscious our unconsciousness through the combination of various art media. Although the expression of emotions may be said to require appropriate structures and environments, the expression of emo박선영235 tions, especially through body movements, may have a new meaning as a way of intervention to move in a positive direction in the process of human change. 본 연구는 인간의 심리적 변화를 촉진하는 과정에서의 신체적 감정 표출을 융(Carl G. Jung)의 적극적 상상과 아리스토텔레스의 카타르시스라는 관점에서 살펴봄으로써 몸동작으로 이루어지는 감정 표출의 가치를 새롭게 이해하는 것이다. 최근까지 진행된 무용 동작을 통한 정서표현과 정서지능에 관한 연구(나정선, 2011; 박은경, 2010; 박진선, 2018; 서진희, 2013; 이지현, 2008; 장혜지, 2011; 조은지, 2017; 최은희, 2002) 는 대부분 감정표현의 증진 및 그 효과에 대해 다루고 있다. 연구자는 감정의 표현을 증진시키기 위해서는 그과정을 심층적으로 이해하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각하였으며 이를 위해 심리학자 융이 말하는 적극적 상상의과정에서 드러나는 감정표현의 두 가지 차원인 감정 표출과 인식에서 선행단계인 감정표출이 갖고 있는 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 몸과 감정 표현의 상관관계를 살펴본 후 융과 아리스토텔레스의 관점에서 감정 표현이 어떻게 설명되는지, 그리고 감정의 표출이 인간의 건강한 심리적 변화를 위해 어떤 도움을 줄 수있는지 알아보았다. 융의 적극적 상상과 아리스토텔레스의 카타르시스 개념은 감정 표현을 두 가지 방식 혹은차원으로 묘사하였다. 적극적 상상에서는 감정적 표현을 일어나게 하기와 그 표현에 대한 의식적 참여와 행동하기라고 했으며, 카타르시스에서는 감정의 긴장을 제거하기와 정화하기라고 한다. 이는 감정의 표출과 의식하기라고 할 수 있다. 최근 서양의 마음챙김 기반의 심리치료에서는 감정을 제거하거나 털어놓기보다는 그 정서에 머무르며 의미를 찾는 것에 더 많은 초점을 두고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 현대사회에서 감정적 억압과이성적 사고로 자신의 변화에 어려움을 겪고 있는 사람들에게, 특히 한국인의 감정표현 문화를 고려해보면 감정의 표출은 심리 성장의 과정으로 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 몸을 통한 감정 표출은 자신의 무의식을 의식화하도록 도와주며, 언어적 표현이 어려운 사람들에게 삶의 주제를 탐색할 수 있는 기회를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 다양한 예술 매체와의 결합을 통해서도 우리의 무의식을 의식화하는 돋움대로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 비록 감정의 표출이 적절한 구조와 환경이 필요하다고는 말할 수 있으나, 인간의 변화 과정에서 긍정적인방향으로 나아가기 위한 개입의 방법으로 감정의 표출, 특히 몸동작을 통한 감정의 표출이 새로운 의미를 가질 수 있을 것이다.