음악과 음향진동자극에 의한 뇌파에의 영향

문덕홍(D. H. Moon),양주호(J. H. Yang),김영완(Y. W. Kim),강화중(H. J. Kang) 한국동력기계공학회 2007 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

본 연구에서는 6가지의 음악과 그에 대한 진동파를 인체에 가함으로써 그 효과를 뇌파를 통하여 실험적으로 살펴보았다. 결론적으로 음악만을 들을 경우 선정한 6가지 음악은 스트레스 해소에 도움을 주지 못하거나 개인적으로 다른 반응을 보였다. 음악 C, F는 상대 SMR파의 증가를 가져옴으로써 집중력을 증가시키는 기능을 가진다고 할 수 있으며, 나머지 음악은 부분적으로는 이러한 기능을 가지고 있지만 효과가 미약하거나 없었다. 음악과 진동을 동시에 가한 경우에서는 음악만을 가한 경우에 비하여 음악 F는 스트레스 저감효과를 지니고 음악 B, E의 경우는 오히려 스트레스의 증가를 가져온다고 사료된다. SMR과의 영향에 있어서는 특히 음악 C의 경우는 집중력을 높이는데 진동파의 영향이 우수함을 알 수 있고 나머지 음악은 부분적으로는 이러한 기능을 가지고 있지만 효과가 미약하거나 없었다. 앞으로 보다 다양한 음악과 이에 따른 진동파에 대한 자료와 수집, 많은 피험자를 통한 실허을 통하여 통계적인 분석이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 입력파와 뇌파와의 상관관계를 규명해야 할 것이다. The present study describes the effects of music and vibroacoustic stimuli to the change of Electroencephalogram. The experiments were carried out four times for 3 human subjects. We have investigated the electroencephalogram(EEG) of all subjects before and after the stimuli of which are made only music or the music and the acoustic vibration. The music was changes whenever the experiment was changes. The vibroacoustic device has transmitted meditation music as vibration between 20㎐ and 250㎐ to the body. From the experimental results, we made sure that the music and vibroacoustic stimuli influenced Electroencephalogram of human. And we found good music or not through electroencephalogram experiment.

Original Article : The effect of focus of attention by electroencephalogram- feedback on balance in young adults

( Dong Yeop Lee ),( Won Jae Choi ),( Seung Won Lee ) 물리치료재활과학회 2012 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.1 No.1

Objective: Electroencephalogram (EGG)-feedback is a training procedure aimed at altering brain activity, and is used as a treatment for disorders like attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of external focus of attention by EGG-feedback on balance in young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subject were students in Sahmyook University. Fifty young adults in their twenties and thirties. Subjects were performed both with and without external focus of attention by EEG-feedback on the posture of standing and tandem standing. Participants were educated effort to maintain static posture when they were under internal focus of attention. Good Balance System was used for measurement of postural consistency upon the following force platforms. Results: Body sway decreased significantly both normal standing and tandem standing with external focus of attention by EEG-feedback (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the benefits of an external attentional focus are generalizable to young adults. The external focus of attention outperformed the internal focus of attention on the postural balance (p<0.05). It is showed that external focus of attention significant effects on balance by revoked automatic postural control of movement. Furthermore balance might be improved by training with an external focus. Further study is required to develop for training as a method of preventing fall in elderly peoples.

The effect of focus of attention by electroencephalogram-feedback on balance in young adults

Lee, Dong-Yeop,Choi, Won-Jae,Lee, Seung-Won korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2012 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.1 No.1

Objective: Electroencephalogram (EGG)-feedback is a training procedure aimed at altering brain activity, and is used as a treatment for disorders like attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of external focus of attention by EGG-feedback on balance in young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subject were students in Sahmyook University. Fifty young adults in their twenties and thirties. Subjects were performed both with and without external focus of attention by EEG-feedback on the posture of standing and tandem standing. Participants were educated effort to maintain static posture when they were under internal focus of attention. Good Balance System was used for measurement of postural consistency upon the following force platforms. Results: Body sway decreased significantly both normal standing and tandem standing with external focus of attention by EEG-feedback (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the benefits of an external attentional focus are generalizable to young adults. The external focus of attention outperformed the internal focus of attention on the postural balance (p<0.05). It is showed that external focus of attention significant effects on balance by revoked automatic postural control of movement. Furthermore balance might be improved by training with an external focus. Further study is required to develop for training as a method of preventing fall in elderly peoples.

Analysis of electroencephalogram-derived indexes for anesthetic depth monitoring in pediatric patients with intellectual disability undergoing dental surgery

Silva, Aura,Amorim, Pedro,Felix, Luiza,Abelha, Fernando,Mourao, Joana The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2018 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.18 No.4

Background: Patients with intellectual disability (ID) often require general anesthesia during oral procedures. Anesthetic depth monitoring in these patients can be difficult due to their already altered mental state prior to anesthesia. In this study, the utility of electroencephalographic indexes to reflect anesthetic depth was evaluated in pediatric patients with ID. Methods: Seventeen patients (mean age, $9.6{\pm}2.9years$) scheduled for dental procedures were enrolled in this study. After anesthesia induction with propofol or sevoflurane, a bilateral sensor was placed on the patient's forehead and the bispectral index (BIS) was recorded. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, which was adjusted according to the clinical signs by an anesthesiologist blinded to the BIS value. The index performance was accessed by correlation (with the end-tidal sevoflurane [EtSevo] concentration) and prediction probability (with a clinical scale of anesthesia). The asymmetry of the electroencephalogram between the left and right sides was also analyzed. Results: The BIS had good correlation and prediction probabilities (above 0.5) in the majority of patients; however, BIS was not correlated with EtSevo or the clinical scale of anesthesia in patients with Lennox-Gastaut, West syndrome, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. BIS showed better correlations than SEF95 and TP. No significant differences were observed between the left- and right-side indexes. Conclusion: BIS may be able to reflect sevoflurane anesthetic depth in patients with some types of ID; however, more research is required to better define the neurological conditions and/or degrees of disability that may allow anesthesiologists to use the BIS.

음악과 음향진동자극에 의한 인체에의 영향

문덕홍(D. H. Moon),양주호(J. H. Yang),김영완(Y. W. Kim) 한국동력기계공학회 2007 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

이 연구는 음악과 음향진동이 인체에 미치는 영향을 뇌파의 변화를 통하여 실험적으로 고찰한 것이다. 음악에 따라서는 인체의 스트레스해소 또는 정신집중에 효과가 있는지 없는지 여부를 평가할 수 있고, 음향진동자극에 의한 효과를 면밀하게 연구ㆍ검토한다면 특정 질병에의 치유에 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. The present paper describes the effect on human body by music and vibroacoustic stimuli. The result of experiment is showed and considered through the change of electroencephalogram. The experiments were carried out six times for 3 human subjects and have investigated the electroencephalogram(EEG) of all subjects against six music stimulus having vibration or non-vibration. We can distinguish which musics are useful for reduction of stress or effective for power of concentration. And the close investigation and examination to the effect by acoustic vibrations will be applied for healing of a disease and so on

Suppressed neural complexity during ketamine- and propofol-induced unconsciousness

Wang, Jisung,Noh, Gyu-Jeong,Choi, Byung-Moon,Ku, Seung-Woo,Joo, Pangyu,Jung, Woo-Sung,Kim, Seunghwan,Lee, Heonsoo Elsevier 2017 Neuroscience Letters Vol.653 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ketamine and propofol have distinctively different molecular mechanisms of action and neurophysiological features, although both induce loss of consciousness. Therefore, identifying a common feature of ketamine- and propofol-induced unconsciousness would provide insight into the underlying mechanism of losing consciousness. In this study we search for a common feature by applying the concept of type-II complexity, and argue that neural complexity is essential for a brain to maintain consciousness. To test this hypothesis, we show that complexity is suppressed during loss of consciousness induced by ketamine or propofol. We analyzed the randomness (type-I complexity) and complexity (type-II complexity) of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals before and after bolus injection of ketamine or propofol. For the analysis, we use Mean Information Gain (MIG) and Fluctuation Complexity (FC), which are information-theory-based measures that quantify disorder and complexity of dynamics respectively. Both ketamine and propofol reduced the complexity of the EEG signal, but ketamine increased the randomness of the signal and propofol decreased it. The finding supports our claim and suggests EEG complexity as a candidate for a consciousness indicator.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A reduction of complexity may be a common feature of unconscious state. </LI> <LI> Complexity-randomness analysis was performed on the electroencephalogram. </LI> <LI> Ketamine (propofol) increased (decreased) the randomness of neural dynamics. </LI> <LI> Complexity decreased in both ketamine- and propofol-induced unconsciousness. </LI> </UL> </P>

전이 학습을 이용한 뇌신경신호 데이터 분석

이효찬(H.-C. Lee),홍승용(S.-Y. Hong),이형탁(H.-T. Lee),황한정(H.-J Hwang) 한국정보기술학회 2021 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2021 No.6

본 연구에서는 대표적인 뇌신경신호인 뇌전도(electroencephalogram: EEG)와 근적외선 분광법(near-infrared spectroscopy: NIRS)의 적은 데이터로 우수한 인지 과제 분류 정확도를 얻기 위해 전이 학습(transfer learning) 기반의 인지 과제 분류를 수행하였다. 데이터 분석에는 29명의 피험자가 암산 30회, 휴식 30회 총 60회의 인지 과제 수행시 EEG와 NIRS를 동시 측정한 데이터를 활용하였다. 전이 학습에는 대표적인 이미지 분류 딥러닝 모델인 AlexNet과 GoogLeNet을 사용하였다. EEG와 NIRS데이터의 원신호를 그대로 활용하거나 주파수 분석을 통해 원신호를 가공한 것을 각각 입력 데이터로 활용하여 전이학습을 수행하였으며, 분류 정확도 산출을 위해 5겹 교차 검증(cross-validation)을 수행하였다. 분류 결과 AlexNet이 GoogLeNet보다 우수한 성능을 보였으며 GoogLeNet의 경우 대부분 50% 전후의 정확도를 보이는 것으로 보아 전이 학습이 제대로 작동하지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 입력 데이터 측면에서는 원신호를 그대로 이용하는 것이 주파수 기반의 데이터를 활용하는 것 보다 대체로 높은 성능을 보였다. AlexNet 모델에 EEG의 원신호를 그대로 입력 데이터로 사용하였을 때 76.32 ± 14.79%의 가장 높은 이진 분류 정확도를 보였다. In this study, we performed the classification of cognitive tasks based on transfer learning in order to obtain reasonable performance using representative neural activities, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), having a relatively small amount of data. We used EEG and NIRS data measured from 29 subjects while they performed mental arithmetic and resting tasks each 30 times. Two representative deep learning algorithms for image classification, AlextNet and GoogLeNet, were used for transfer learning. We performed transfer learning using two different input data, which are raw data and frequency-based data, and a 5-fold cross-validation was performed to estimate classification accuracy. AlextNet outperformed GoogLeNet, and GoogleNet did not work for transfer learning because it showed a chance level for most cases. Raw data showed better classification performance than frequency-based data in terms of the input data. The best classification accuracy of 76.32 ± 14.79% was obtained when using AlextNet where EEG raw data were used as input data.

Does the Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potential Predict Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors?: A Meta-analysis

Sunkyung Yoon,Yourim Kim,Seung-Hwan Lee 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.2

Objective: Loudness of dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is an electroencephalogram-based meas-ure that represents amplitude changes of auditory evoked potentials in primary auditory cortex. Several narrative reviews argued that pre-treatment LDAEP values predict responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This study aims to quantify the overall relationship between baseline LDAEP values and treatment response to SSRIs in patients with depression and generalized anxiety disorders, evidenced by clinical symptoms reductions, across multiple studies. Methods: In our meta-analysis, seven articles with a total sample of 241 patients were included. Results: Our results showed that stronger baseline LDAEP values predicted favorable response to SSRIs for depression and anxiety, with a moderate effect size. Conclusion: The current results support the idea that LDAEP is a promising biomarker for SSRIs treatment prediction in patients with depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

언어폭력 개선을 위한 욕설 의미 교육의 효과

김평원 성신여자대학교 교육문제연구소 2017 교육연구 Vol.70 No.-

The Curriculum related to verbal violence was reflected in the 2015 revised Korean language curriculum. This study started from the awareness that there is a lack of concrete contents and methods dealing with language violence and swear-word abuse. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of teaching and learning method that makes sense of profanity as abhorrence stimulation by teaching the meaning of profanity through the analysis of Electroencephalogram. The next is to find out the possibility of using the result as educationally. The results of this research can be divided into academic and educational aspects. In the academic aspect, the effect of teaching and learning method that educates the meaning of profanity and perceives profanity as aversion is scientifically verified through event evoked potential analysis. Secondly, pedagogical contents knowledge, which can be used for teaching and learning, is presented in terms of educational violence in Korean textbooks. 2012년 개정 국어과 교육과정에 추가된 언어폭력 관련 성취기준은 이후 국어과 교육과정에 계승되었다. 이 연구는 언어폭력과 욕설 현상을 다룬 구체적인 교육 방법이 부족하다는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 욕설의 의미를 교육하여 욕설을 혐오 자극으로 인식하게 하는 교육법의 효과를 뇌파 분석을 통해 과학적으로 분석함과 동시에 그 결과물을 교육적으로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 모색하는 것이다. 이 연구의 성과는 학술적인 측면과 교육적인 측면으로 나누어 정리할 수 있다. 먼저 학술적인 측면에서는 욕설의 의미를 교육하여 욕설을 혐오 자극으로 인식하게 하는 교육법의 효과를 실험군과 대조군을 설정한 실험을 통해 과학적으로 입증한 것이다. 교육적인 측면에서는 국어 교과서에 반영된 언어폭력과 관련된 내용을 교수·학습 차원에서 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 전략을 제안한 것이다.

Effects of Sympathetic Conversation on Electroencephalogram, Stress, Anxiety-Depression, and Muscle Tone in Chronic Stroke Patients

( Yu-won Choe ),( Myoung-kwon Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2018 대한물리의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of sympathetic conversation on stress, anxiety and depression, and muscle tone in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG, n=7) or control group (CG, n=7). Both groups participated in a pretest before intervention. Subjects were asked to undergo: 1) electroencephalogram, 2) Stress Response Inventory, 3) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 4) muscle tone and stiffness testing. After the pretest, EG received sympathetic conversation and CG received a simple explanation about stroke recovery and rehabilitation. Following the intervention, both groups were immediately administered a post test. RESULTS: In EG, the electroencephalogram relative alpha power was significantly increased (p<.05), while the electroencephalogram relative gamma power was significantly decreased (p<.05). The Stress Response Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores decreased significantly in both groups (p<.05). In addition, muscle tone and stiffness decreased significantly in the EG (p<.05) CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that sympathetic conversation had a positive effect on stress, anxiety and depression, and muscle tone in patients with chronic stroke. Therefore, sympathetic conversation could be used to improve not only psychological problems in chronic stroke patients including stress and anxiety, but also physical conditions including muscle tone.